Arduino_ESPC3学习笔记

1、环境搭建

（1）官网下载：Arduino - Home

（2）配置首选项

点灯科技 (diandeng.tech)

资源下载，点击下载

文件——>首选项——>开发管理地址

添加开发板地址：https://arduino.me/packages/esp32.json

下载社区打包的esp32安装包，直接运行，程序会自动解压到相应位置。

重启Arduino

配置工具和选择芯片

usb驱动安装（点击安装即可） 

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sQGQ3WuVXw92RiqmRMDfJA?pwd=sd1p 提取码: sd1p 

2、GPIO_OUTPUT模式

步骤：

1、设置GPIO模式

2、设置GPIO电平

案例：点亮、延时、熄灭、延时

#define led 4;//定义端口4

void setup() {
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);//设置GPIO模式
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);  //给端口高电平 
  delay(1000);              //延时 
  digitalWrite(led, LOW);   //给端口低电平
  delay(1000);              
}

3、串口调试函数

（1）print()        不换行

（2）println()      换行

（3）printf()        格式化、不换行

案例：分别使用（1）、（2）、（3）

void setup() {
  int x=2024,y=7,z=18;//定义三个整型并赋值
  Serial.begin(115200);//初始化串口，设置波特率为115200
  Serial.print("hello");
  Serial.println("wzf");
  Serial.printf("%d-%d-%d",x,y,z);
}

void loop() {
            
}

输出

4、串口读数据

read()                 读取一个字节

readString()        读取字符串

available()           判断串口是否有数据，返回int型数据长度

案例：读取串口一个字节数据

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  //初始化串口，设置波特率为115200
}
void loop() {
  int lenth = Serial.available();//保存串口数据长度
  if (lenth > 0) {
    char data=Serial.read();//读取串口数据
    data--;//将数据减一
    Serial.println(String(data));//打印数据并换行
  }
}

案例：读取串口数据到字符串

//定义一个读取字符串函数
void read_String() {
  int length = Serial.available();
  if (length > 0) {
    String data = Serial.readString();  //读取串口数据
    Serial.println(data);               //打印数据并换行 
  }
}
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  //初始化串口，设置波特率为115200
}
void loop() {
  read_String();
  delay(10);// 添加一个小延迟可以帮助避免在连续发送大量数据时完全占用CPU  
}

案例：读取串口数据到字符数组

//定义一个读取数据到数组的函数
void read_Arr() {
  int length = Serial.available();
  if (length > 0) {
    char data[64];
    Serial.read(data, length);     //读取串口数据(data:缓存位置 length:存储长度)
    Serial.println(String(data));  //打印数据并换行
  }
}
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  //初始化串口，设置波特率为115200
}
void loop() {
  read_Arr();
  delay(10);  // 添加一个小延迟可以帮助避免在连续发送大量数据时完全占用CPU
}

5、串口写数据

write()                写入数据

案例：写数据并输出

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  //初始化串口，设置波特率为115200
  Serial.write(98);//输出以Ascll码输出
  Serial.println();//输出一个换行
  Serial.print(98);//原样输出
}
void loop() {
}

6、按键控制

arduino的引脚模式有三种：

• INPUT——输入模式
• OUTPUT——输出模式
• INPUT_PULLUP——输入上拉模式

digitalRead()                读取引脚电平状态（参数为引脚号）

案例：按键按下控制其他引脚输出（按键：2        输出：4）

#define KEY 2  //定义2号引脚为按键
#define OUT 4  //定义1号引脚为输出

//按键扫描函数
void Scan_Key() {
  if (digitalRead(KEY) == LOW) {
    delay(10);  //按键消抖处理
    if (digitalRead(KEY) == LOW) {
      digitalWrite(OUT, HIGH);//设置输出引脚为高电平
      Serial.println("成功进入");
      while (digitalRead(KEY) == LOW)
        ;
        Serial.println("成功退出");
        digitalWrite(OUT, LOW);//设置输出引脚为低电平
    }
  }
}
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(OUT, OUTPUT);        //设置引脚4为输出模式
  pinMode(KEY, INPUT_PULLUP);  //设置引脚2为输入上拉模式
}
void loop() {
  Scan_Key();
}

7、PWM输出控制

ledcSetup                (通道，频率、精度)

ledcAttachPin          (goio引脚，通道号)

ledcWrite                 (通道，占空比)

案例：控制引脚4从低电平到高电平，再从高电平到低电平

#define LED 4
void setup() {
  //初始化通道并设置频率和精度2^10=1024
  ledcSetup(1, 1000, 10);
  //绑定输出引脚和通道
  ledcAttachPin(LED, 1);
}

void loop() {
  for (int duty = 0; duty < 1023; duty++) {
    //设置占空比
    ledcWrite(1, duty);
    delay(5);
  }
  for (int duty = 1023; duty >= 0; duty--) {
    ledcWrite(1, duty);
    delay(5);
  }
}

8、定时器

硬件定时器

 hw_timer_t * =timerBegin(定时器序号，预分屏系数，是否向上计数)        esp32c3 80Mhz

timerAttachInterrupt(定时器对象（结构体指针），回调函数，是否边缘触发)

timerAlarmWrite(定时器对象，计数值，是否自动加载)

timerAlarmEnable(定时器对象)

timerAlarmDisable(定时器对象)

案例：定时1s使引脚2电平反转

#define LED 2
void Time()
{
  digitalWrite(LED, !digitalRead(LED));

}
void setup() {
  //初始化定时器
  hw_timer_t *time0 = timerBegin(0,80,true);//80Mhz/80=1Mhz(1us)
  //绑定回调函数
  timerAttachInterrupt(time0,Time,true);
  //设置定时器每隔1秒（1,000,000微秒）触发一次中断
  timerAlarmWrite(time0,1000000,true);
  //启动定时器
  timerAlarmEnable(time0);
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
}

软件定时器

setTimeout(定时器回调函数，定时时间ms)                单次运行的定时任务

setInterval(定时器回调函数,定时时间ms)                   周期运行的定时任务

cancel(定时器编号)                                                     停止定时器的定时任务

cancelAll(true)                                                             停止所有定时任务

changeDelay(定时器编号,新的定时时间ms)               改变定时任务的执行周期

案例：定时2s使引脚2电平反转，翻转5次后又重新设置为3s

首先安装AsyncTimer库

#include "AsyncTimer.h"
#define LED 2
AsyncTimer T;//定义一个定时器
int TimerID =0;//定时器编号
int i=0;//记录执行次数
//定时器回调函数，无传参
void Timer()
{
  digitalWrite(LED, !digitalRead(LED));
  i++;
}
void setup() {
  //创建周期性定时任务
  TimerID = T.setInterval(Timer,2000);//返回任务编号
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
  T.handle();//开启定时器
  if(i>5)
  {
    T.changeDelay(TimerID,3000);
  }
}

9、外部中断

attachInterrupt(中断信号输入引脚，中断服务程序地址，中断触发类型)  

中断触发类型：HIGH        LOW        RISING        FALLING上升沿      CHANGE改变

volatile 关键字

案例：按键4控制LED2电平翻转

#define LED 2
#define KEY 4
volatile int i = 0;  //标志0：led灭 1：led亮
//中断服务函数
IRAM_ATTR void Interrupt() {
  i = (i == 0) ? 1 : 0;
}
void setup() {
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(KEY, INPUT_PULLUP);  //输入上拉模式
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(KEY), Interrupt, FALLING);
}
void loop() {
  if (i == 0) {
    digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
  }
}

10、模数转换

analogReadResolution(精度)                 更改精度值，一般是12不用改

analogRead(引脚)                                  模数转换，读取引脚

analogWrite(引脚，对应电压)                数模转换，写入引脚

电压：电压值= 测量值*（3.3 / 2^精度 -1）

案例：串口输出模数转换结果，输出33引脚的电压值

#define INPUT 33

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

}
void loop() {
  int values = analogRead(INPUT);
  float volt = values *(3.3/4095);
  Serial.printf("转换值为:%d\n电压为:%2f V",values,volt);
  Serial.println();
  delay(3000);
}

11、OLED显示屏

关键是取字模软件的使用

http://链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oWOY4U06IwpFtkfgz9aUAg?pwd=ic6u 提取码: ic6u 

加载库：Adafruit_SSD1306

clearDisplay();                        清屏

display();                                 显示

setTextColor(INVERSE);        设置颜色

setTextSize();                        设置字体大小

print("hello worle!");               输出字符串

drawBitmap(x坐标、y坐标、文字数据、文字宽、文字高、颜色)

OLED显示字符串

案例：oled屏显示hello world

#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h"
#define SCL 22
#define SDA 21
//定义i2c对象
TwoWire i2c = TwoWire(0);
//定义显示屏对象（长、宽、i2c对象）
Adafruit_SSD1306 oled = Adafruit_SSD1306(128, 64, &i2c);
void Init_Oled() {
  //初始化i2c对象（数据线、信号线、波特率）
  i2c.begin(SDA, SCL, 400000);
  //初始化显示屏对象（vcc供电、通讯地址）
  oled.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3c);
  //设置显示字体大小
  oled.setTextSize(3);
  //设置显示字体颜色
  oled.setTextColor(INVERSE);
}
void setup() {
  Init_Oled();                    //初始化
  oled.clearDisplay();            //清屏
  oled.print("hello \n worle!");  //写入hello world
  oled.display();                 //显示
}
void loop() {
}

OLED显示中文

案例：oled屏显示“你好”

#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h"
#define SCL 22
#define SDA 21

//定义i2c对象
TwoWire i2c = TwoWire(0);
//定义显示屏对象（长、宽、i2c对象）
Adafruit_SSD1306 oled = Adafruit_SSD1306(128, 64, &i2c);

//新建字库
const unsigned char ZiKu[][32] {
  { 0x08, 0x80, 0x08, 0x80, 0x08, 0x80, 0x11, 0xFE, 0x11, 0x02, 0x32, 0x04, 0x34, 0x20, 0x50, 0x20,
    0x91, 0x28, 0x11, 0x24, 0x12, 0x24, 0x12, 0x22, 0x14, 0x22, 0x10, 0x20, 0x10, 0xA0, 0x10, 0x40 }, /*"你",0*/

    { 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0xFC, 0x10, 0x04, 0x10, 0x08, 0xFC, 0x10, 0x24, 0x20, 0x24, 0x20, 0x25, 0xFE,
      0x24, 0x20, 0x48, 0x20, 0x28, 0x20, 0x10, 0x20, 0x28, 0x20, 0x44, 0x20, 0x84, 0xA0, 0x00, 0x40 }, /*"好",1*/

    { 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00,
      0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, /*"！",2*/
};

void Init_Oled() {
  //初始化i2c对象（数据线、信号线、波特率）
  i2c.begin(SDA, SCL, 400000);
  //初始化显示屏对象（vcc供电、通讯地址）
  oled.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3c);
  //设置显示字体大小
  oled.setTextSize(1);
  //设置显示字体颜色
  oled.setTextColor(INVERSE);
}
void setup() {
  Init_Oled();                    //初始化
  oled.clearDisplay();            //清屏
  oled.drawBitmap(25,5,ZiKu[0],16,16,1);//你
  oled.drawBitmap(43,5,ZiKu[1],16,16,1);//好
  oled.drawBitmap(61,5,ZiKu[2],16,16,1);//!
  oled.display();                 //显示
}
void loop() {
}

OLED显示图片

案例：显示图片

#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h"
#define SCL 22
#define SDA 21

//定义i2c对象
TwoWire i2c = TwoWire(0);
//定义显示屏对象（长、宽、i2c对象）
Adafruit_SSD1306 oled = Adafruit_SSD1306(128, 64, &i2c);

//新建图片字库
const unsigned char Img[] {
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1D,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,
0x00,0x3F,0xF0,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xF0,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xF0,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xF0,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x01,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x01,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0xF0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0xF0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0xF0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0xF0,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xF8,0x00,
0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0x81,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0x01,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xF1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xF1,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xF8,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x81,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,
0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,
0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,
0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,
0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x9F,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x9F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x9F,0xFF,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
};

void Init_Oled() {
  //初始化i2c对象（数据线、信号线、波特率）
  i2c.begin(SDA, SCL, 400000);
  //初始化显示屏对象（vcc供电、通讯地址）
  oled.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3c);
  //设置显示字体大小
  oled.setTextSize(1);
  //设置显示字体颜色
  oled.setTextColor(INVERSE);
}
void setup() {
  Init_Oled();                    //初始化
  oled.clearDisplay();            //清屏
  oled.drawBitmap(0,0,Img,128,64,1);
  oled.display();                 //显示
}
void loop() {
}

12、DHT11温湿度传感器使用

加载库：DHT sensor library

DHT dht11=DHT(DHT11_PIN,DHT22);//创建传感器对象    (引脚，传感器类型)

dht11.readTemperature();        温度读取函数

dht11.readHumidity();              湿度读取函数

案例：串口打印温湿度，传感器输入引脚为33

#include <DHT.h>
#define DHT11_PIN 33
//创建传感器对象
DHT dht11=DHT(DHT11_PIN,DHT22);
//温湿度显示函数
void Show_tAndh()
{
  float t = dht11.readTemperature();
  float h = dht11.readHumidity();
  Serial.printf("温度：%.2f ^C 湿度：%.2f ^%",t,h);
  Serial.println();
  delay(2000);
}
void setup() {
  //温湿度初始化
  dht11.begin();
  //串口初始化
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
  Show_tAndh();
}

13、HCSR04超声波传感器使用

加载库：HCSR04

//定义传感器对象

UltraSonicDistanceSensor distanceSensor(4,2);//4:接收引脚  2：发送引脚

distanceSensor.measureDistanceCm();        //距离读取函数

案例：测量传感器距离cm,4为接收引脚，2为发送引脚

#include <HCSR04.h>
//定义传感器对象
UltraSonicDistanceSensor distanceSensor(4,2);//4:接收引脚  2：发送引脚
void setup() {
  //串口初始化
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
  float distance = distanceSensor.measureDistanceCm();
  Serial.printf("距离：%.2fcm",distance);
  Serial.println();
  delay(1000);
}

14、SG90舵机使用

红：5v

黄：PWM

棕：GND

方法一：使用PWM信号控制舵机轴的位置

PWM信号的频率为50Hz        (周期20ms)

脉宽为        0.5ms~2.5ms

0.5ms        0度

1ms           45度

1.5ms        90度

2ms           135度

2.5ms        180度

ledcSetup                (通道，频率、精度)

ledcAttachPin          (goio引脚，通道号)

ledcWrite                 (通道，占空比)    ------>0度占空比：0.5 / 20 = x / 1023

案例：实现舵机0度到180度旋转

void setup() {
  ledcSetup(1, 50, 10);
  ledcAttachPin(4, 1);
}
void loop() {
  ledcWrite(1,25);//0度
  delay(2000);
  ledcWrite(1,127);//180度
  delay(2000);
}

方法二：使用舵机库

加载库：ESP32Servo

ESP32PWM::allocateTimer(1); //为舵机分配一个定时器  参数为个数

  servo.setPeriodHertz(50);   //设置舵机的周期为50HZ

  servo.attach(4,500,2500);   //参数4为引脚 设置舵机的最小脉冲宽度为500us 最大脉冲宽度为2500us

servo.write(pos);//设置舵机角度

案例：舵机从0度到180度，再从180到0度

#include <ESP32Servo.h>
Servo servo;//创建舵机对象
int  pos = 0 ;//定义角度全局变量
void setup() {
  ESP32PWM::allocateTimer(1); //为舵机分配一个定时器  参数为个数
  servo.setPeriodHertz(50);   //设置舵机的周期为50HZ
  servo.attach(4,500,2500);   //参数4为引脚 设置舵机的最小脉冲宽度为500us 最大脉冲宽度为2500us
}
void loop() {
  for(pos = 0 ;pos <= 180;pos ++)
  {
    servo.write(pos);//设置舵机角度
    delay(15);
  }
    for(pos = 180 ;pos >= 0;pos --)
  {
    servo.write(pos);
    delay(15);
  }
}

15、WIFI的使用

WIFI的AP模式

如：路由器，可以创建一个无线网络，让其他设备连接

WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);                                           //设置WiFi模式为AP模式

WiFi.softAP(ssid,password);                                //创建WiFi接入点

Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());                             //获取AP的IP地址

Serial.println(WiFi.softAPmacAddress());//         // 获取AP的MAC地址

WiFi.softAPdisconnect(true);                             //关闭WiFi

WiFi.softAPgetStationNum();                            //获取WiFi连接数量

案例：连接一个名为esp32的wifi,密码为00000000

#include <WiFi.h>
#define LED 12
char *ssid = "esp32";   //WiFi名称
char *password = "00000000";//WiFi密码
int connect_num = 0;//WiFi接入设备数量
void setup(){
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);//设置WiFi模式为AP模式
  WiFi.softAP(ssid,password);//创建WiFi接入点 
  digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
  Serial.println("WiFi接入点创建成功！");
  Serial.printf("WiFi名称：%s\r\n",WiFi.softAPSSID());
  Serial.print("softAP的IP地址为：");
  Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());
  Serial.print("softAP的MAC地址为：");
  Serial.println(WiFi.softAPmacAddress());
}
void loop(){
  delay(30000);
  connect_num = WiFi.softAPgetStationNum();
  if(connect_num == 0){
    WiFi.softAPdisconnect(true);//关闭WiFi
    Serial.println("30秒没有设备连接，WiFi已经关闭！！！");
    digitalWrite(LED,LOW);
  }
  else{
    Serial.printf("当前连接设备数：%d 台 \r\n",connect_num);
  }
}

WIFI的STA模式

特点：不可以让其他设备连接，只可以连接其他设备

WiFi.SSID();                       //获取当前连接的WiFi网络名称

 WiFi.RSSI();                       //获取WiFi信号强度

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);       //设置WiFi模式为STA模式

  Scan_Useful_WiFi();        //扫描可用WiFi

  WiFi.begin();                     //连接WiFi

案例：连接一个wifi,获取B站粉丝数

#include <WiFi.h>
#include "HTTPClient.h"
#include "ArduinoJson.h"
char *ssid = "高会";   //WiFi名称
char *password = "15126067576";//WiFi密码

/*获取哔哩哔哩粉丝数量*/
void getFuns()
{
  HTTPClient http;
  http.begin("https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/stat?vmid=692254175");
  int httpCode = http.GET();
  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
  if(httpCode > 0)
  {
    String payload = http.getString();
    deserializeJson(doc,payload);
    int follower = doc["data"]["follower"].as<int>();
    String mid = doc["data"]["mid"].as<String>();
    Serial.println("uid:"+mid);
    Serial.printf("粉丝数量：%d 个\r\n",follower);

  }
  http.end();
}
/*扫描可用WiFi*/
void Scan_Useful_WiFi()
{
  int num = WiFi.scanNetworks();
  Serial.printf("扫描到 %d 个可用WiFi\r\n",num);
  for(int i = 0;i < num ; i++)
  {
    Serial.print(WiFi.SSID(i));//获取当前连接的WiFi网络名称
    Serial.printf("[%d] \r\n",WiFi.RSSI(i));//获取WiFi信号强度
  }
}

void setup(){
  Serial.begin(115200);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);//设置WiFi模式为STA模式
  Scan_Useful_WiFi();//扫描可以WiFi
  WiFi.begin(ssid,password);//连接WiFi
  Serial.printf("开始连接WiFi:%s",ssid);
  while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)//判断WiFi是否已经连接
  {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(200);
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("WiFi连接成功！");
  Serial.print("IP地址:");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  Serial.print("网关:");
  Serial.println(WiFi.gatewayIP());
  Serial.print("子网掩码:");
  Serial.println(WiFi.subnetMask());
  Serial.print("DNS服务器:");
  Serial.println(WiFi.dnsIP());
  getFuns();//获取哔哩哔哩粉丝数量
}

void loop(){

}

16、json格式解析

加载库：ArduinoJson

HTTPClient http;//定义http客户端对象

 http.begin("http://quan.suning.com/getSysTime.do");//发起http请求

http.GET();//获取http状态码,服务器响应正常为200

http.getString();//获取接口返回json格式数据

DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);//将json数据解析为一个可操作对象

deserializeJson(doc,payload);//将payloas数据转化为可操作数据

案例：获取B站粉丝数和当前时间

#include <WiFi.h>
#include "HTTPClient.h"
#include "ArduinoJson.h"

char *ssid = "高会";   //WiFi名称
char *password = "15126067576";//WiFi密码

void getFuns();//获取哔哩哔哩粉丝和关注
void getCurrentTime();//获取当前时间
void connect_WiFi();//连接WiFi

void setup(){
  Serial.begin(115200);//初始化串口
  connect_WiFi();//连接WiFi
  getCurrentTime();//获取当前时间
  getFuns();//获取哔哩哔哩粉丝数量
}

void loop(){
}

/*获取哔哩哔哩粉丝数量*/
void getFuns()
{
  HTTPClient http;
  http.begin("https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/stat?vmid=692254175");
  /*
  {
    "code": 0,
    "message": "0",
    "ttl": 1,
    "data": {
        "mid": 692254175,
        "following": 18,
        "whisper": 0,
        "black": 0,
        "follower": 9
    }
}
*/
  int httpCode = http.GET();
  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
  if(httpCode > 0)
  {
    String payload = http.getString();
    deserializeJson(doc,payload);
    int follower = doc["data"]["follower"].as<int>();
    String mid = doc["data"]["mid"].as<String>();
    Serial.println("uid:"+mid);
    Serial.printf("粉丝数量：%d 个\r\n",follower);

  }
  http.end();
}

/*扫描可用WiFi*/
void Scan_Useful_WiFi()
{
  int num = WiFi.scanNetworks();
  Serial.printf("扫描到 %d 个可用WiFi\r\n",num);
  for(int i = 0;i < num ; i++)
  {
    Serial.print(WiFi.SSID(i));//获取当前连接的WiFi网络名称
    Serial.printf("[%d] \r\n",WiFi.RSSI(i));//获取WiFi信号强度
  }
}

/*连接WiFi*/
void connect_WiFi()
{
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);//设置WiFi模式为STA模式
  Scan_Useful_WiFi();//扫描可用WiFi
  WiFi.begin(ssid,password);//连接WiFi
  Serial.printf("开始连接WiFi:%s",ssid);
  while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)//判断WiFi是否已经连接
  {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(200);
  }
}
/*获取当前时间*/
void getCurrentTime()
{
  HTTPClient http;//定义http客户端对象
  http.begin("http://quan.suning.com/getSysTime.do");//发起http请求
  /*
  {"sysTime2":"2024-08-27 22:44:07","sysTime1":"20240827224407"}
  */
  int httpCode = http.GET();//获取http状态码
  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);//将json数据解析为一个可操作对象
  if(httpCode == 200)//服务器响应正常为200
  {
    String payload = http.getString();//获取接口返回json格式数据
    deserializeJson(doc,payload);
    String time = doc["sysTime2"].as<String>();
    Serial.print("当前时间：");
    Serial.println(time);
  }
  http.end();
}

17、MQTT

加载库：PubSubClient

//WIFI 连接库和MQTT客户端
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
#include "DHTesp.h" //引入DHTesp头文件，为下面调用函数做准备。


// WiFi 账号密码
const char *ssid = "TEST"; // Wifi 账号
const char *password = "12345678";  // wifi 密码
 
// MQTT Broker 服务端连接
const char *mqtt_broker = "esp.icce.top";//mqtt服务器地址
const char *topic_subscribe = "ESP32PI/DRIVER";//主题
const char *topic_publish = "ESP32PI/SENSOR";//主题
const char *mqtt_username = "esp32test2";
const char *mqtt_password = "test123";
const int mqtt_port = 1883;//端口
 
//客户端变量
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);
 
//引脚绑定
#define MQ2PIN 32
#define LIGHTSENSORPIN 34 //Ambient light sensor reading
#define FANPIN 26
#define LIGHTPIN 25
#define DHTPIN 33
DHTesp dhtSensor; //定义一个DHT传感器
const int DHT22_PIN = DHTPIN; //定义一个整形变量，目的是使用GPIO-32来接收来自传感器的数据


int curtain_state=0;

void setup() {
    analogReadResolution(12);
    pinMode(LIGHTSENSORPIN, INPUT);
    pinMode(MQ2PIN, INPUT);
    dhtSensor.setup(DHT22_PIN, DHTesp::DHT22);//把DHT11与gpio第32号数字引脚关联。
    //软串口波特率
    Serial.begin(115200);
    pinMode(FANPIN,OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(FANPIN,HIGH);
    pinMode(LIGHTPIN,OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(LIGHTPIN,HIGH);

    // connecting to a WiFi network
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        delay(2000);
        Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
    }
    Serial.println("Connected to the WiFi network");
    //connecting to a mqtt broker 连接服务端
    client.setServer(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port);
    client.setCallback(callback);//回调
    while (!client.connected()) {
        String client_id = "esp32-client-";
        client_id += String(WiFi.macAddress());
        Serial.printf("The client %s connects to the public mqtt broker\n", client_id.c_str());
        if (client.connect(client_id.c_str(), mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) {
            Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected");
        } else {
            Serial.print("failed with state ");
            Serial.print(client.state());//返回连接状态
            delay(2000);
        }
    }
    // publish and subscribe
    client.subscribe(topic_subscribe);
}
 

// The callback for when a PUBLISH message is received from the server.
void callback(const char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {

  Serial.println("On message....");

  char json[length + 1];
  strncpy (json, (char*)payload, length);
  json[length] = '\0';

  Serial.print("Topic: ");
  Serial.println(topic);
  Serial.print("Message: ");
  Serial.println(json);


  StaticJsonBuffer<200> jsonBuffer;
  JsonObject& data = jsonBuffer.parseObject((char*)json);

  if (!data.success())
  {
    Serial.println("parseObject() failed");
    return;
  }
    // Check request method
  String state_light= String((const char*)data["LIGHT"]);
  String state_fan=String((const char*)data["FAN"]);
  String state_curtain=String((const char*)data["CURTAIN"]);
  Serial.println(state_light);


  if(state_light=="ON"){
      Serial.println("light on");
      digitalWrite(LIGHTPIN,LOW);
  }
  else if(state_light=="OFF"){
      Serial.println("light off");
      digitalWrite(LIGHTPIN,HIGH);
  } 

  if(state_fan=="ON"){
      Serial.println("fan on");
      digitalWrite(FANPIN,LOW);
  }
  else if(state_fan=="OFF"){
      Serial.println("fan off");
      digitalWrite(FANPIN,HIGH);
  } 

  if(state_curtain=="ON"){
      Serial.println("curtain on");
      curtain_state=1;
  }
  else if(state_curtain=="OFF"){
      Serial.println("curtain off");
      curtain_state=0;
  } 


}
void loop() {
  if ( !client.connected() ) {
    reconnect();
  }
  client.publish(topic_publish, public_messages().c_str());
  delay(200);
  client.loop();//循环

}

//发布消息
String public_messages() {
  TempAndHumidity  dhtdata = dhtSensor.getTempAndHumidity();//接受来自传感器的温度湿度数据，存入data变量
  static int flag=0;
  static int progress=0;
  static int time_int=0;
  // Prepare gpios JSON payload string
  StaticJsonBuffer<256> jsonBuffer;
  JsonObject& data = jsonBuffer.createObject();


  if(time_int==5){
    time_int=0;
    data["TEMPERATURE"] = String(dhtdata.temperature,1);//℃
    data["HUMIDITY"] = String(dhtdata.humidity,1);//℃
    data["LIGHT_INTENSITY"] = String(analogRead(LIGHTSENSORPIN)/4096.0*1000.0,1); //Read light level
    data["SMOKE"] = String(analogRead(MQ2PIN)/4096.0*10000,2);
  }else
    time_int+=1;

  //步进电机圈数
  if(curtain_state==0&&progress!=0){
    progress-=1; 
  }
  if(curtain_state==1&&progress!=10){
    progress+=1; 
  }
  data["CURATIN_PROGRESS"] = String(progress*10);  

  char payload[256];
  data.printTo(payload, sizeof(payload));
  String strPayload = String(payload);
  Serial.print("publish message: ");
  Serial.println(strPayload);
  return strPayload;
}


void reconnect() {
  // Loop until we're reconnected
    while(!client.connected()) {
        String client_id = "esp32-client";
        client_id += String(WiFi.macAddress());
        Serial.printf("The client %s connects to the public mqtt broker\n", client_id.c_str());
        if (client.connect(client_id.c_str(), mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) {
            Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected");
        } else {
            Serial.print("failed with state ");
            Serial.print(client.state());//返回连接状态
            delay(1000);
        }
    }
    client.subscribe(topic_subscribe);
}