ARM嵌入式学习笔记(2)点亮一个LED灯
1.点亮一个LED灯
LED电路原理图
如图所示,只要单片机的IO是低电平,LED灯就可以亮起,具体引脚根据开发板原理图为准。这里我们的3色LED连接到了PC14和PC15。
CubeMX配置和生成工程
打开CubeMX选择目标芯片,然后配置时钟
这里选择外部高速晶振。
然后选择SWD作为调试接口,F1,F4的Debug选项在sys配置里面。然后我们来配置单片机的时钟树
HSI是内部高速时钟,我们这里选择HSE,外部高速时钟,板载我设计为8MHz,请根据自己的开发板填写HSE大小,然后调整PLL的分频和倍频率系数,这里使用的STM32H503最高可以使用250MHz的主频,所有我们这里直接配置250MHz(也可以在主频里填写250,CubeMX会自动计算出分频倍频系数,有时候可能算不出来要手动调整)
在右侧的图形化界面,点击引脚,就可以选择引脚的模式,这里选择GPIO_Output。
然后在GPIO设置中配置GPIO,GPIO有两种输出模式,推挽输出和开漏输出,推挽输出使用MOS来进行输出,输出能力更强,开漏通过外部上拉电阻来提供高电平。在开漏输出模式下,当没有外部上拉电阻时,输出端呈现高阻态,即既不输出高电平也不输出低电平。我们驱动LED灯使用推挽输出模式,32的GPIO输出速率有四个等级,但是这里我使用的引脚比较特殊,是低速晶振复用过来的,所以输出只要Low可以选择。
完成基础配置后生成我们的代码,工具链这里我们先选择STM32CubeIDE(并不需要下载CubeIDE我们使用Clion替代),在CubeMX6.11中新增加了直接生成Cmake的方式,但是我们先使用Clion自动生成的CmakList,之后我会比较这两者的区别。
使用Clion进行代码编写
我们用Clion打开我们的工程,根据上一篇文章进行完工具链的设置
先进行空工程的编译,可以通过。然后我们在Src文件夹中找到main.c,然后在main函数中调用HAL库的GPIO操作代码。
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_ICACHE_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
上面是空的main函数,main函数首先进行HAL库的初始化,然后对系统时钟进行配置,然后再是外设初始化,我们的操作代码要写在所有外设初始化完毕之后,而且使用CubeMX需要将代码写在两行注释中比如
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
//我的代码
/* USER CODE END 2 */
如果我们不在这些注释中写我们的代码,下次使用CubeMX生成的时候,我们的代码就会被清空。
下面我们来介绍常用的HAL库GPIO函数。
HAL_GPIO_WritePin();
我们将鼠标放上去,可以看到Clion可以给我们返回这个函数信息,非常全面和方便。
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_14, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
这个函数用来给GPIO写值,我们以PC14为例子,GPIO_PIN_RESET输出低电平,GPIO_PIN_SET输出高电平。
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOC, GPIO_PIN_14);
这个是GPIO电平反转函数,作用就是将当前的电平反转,1变为0,0变为1.
将代码编译,烧录后(如果你使用Jlink,你需要点击Debug而不是运行,这样才能烧录代码,烧录完毕推出Debug即可)
可以看到板载的蓝色和绿色LED灯已经亮起。
CMakeLists讲解
使用Clion自动生成的CMakeLists
CMake是一个跨平台的安装(编译)工具,可以用简单的语句来描述所有平台的安装(编译过程)。Clion的代码查找,文件管理等都是通过Cmake来实现的,Cmake的配置文件是
如果CubeMX选择的工具链是CubeIDE的话,第一次生成工程时,我们的工程里并没有这两个文件,这是Clion自动给我们生成的,第一个是有效的CMakeLists,第二个是Cmake的模板,每次使用CubeMX生成工程,模板都会覆盖第一个CMakeLists,所以如果我们需要修改CMakeLists,我们需要同时修改模板。`
#此文件从模板自动生成! 请勿更改!
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.27)
# specify cross-compilers and tools
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-g++)
set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
set(CMAKE_AR arm-none-eabi-ar)
set(CMAKE_OBJCOPY arm-none-eabi-objcopy)
set(CMAKE_OBJDUMP arm-none-eabi-objdump)
set(SIZE arm-none-eabi-size)
set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)
# project settings
project(H5_LED C CXX ASM)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
#Uncomment for hardware floating point
#add_compile_definitions(ARM_MATH_CM4;ARM_MATH_MATRIX_CHECK;ARM_MATH_ROUNDING)
#add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)
#add_link_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)
#Uncomment for software floating point
#add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=soft)
add_compile_options(-mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb -mthumb-interwork)
add_compile_options(-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fmessage-length=0)
# uncomment to mitigate c++17 absolute addresses warnings
#set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-register")
# Enable assembler files preprocessing
add_compile_options($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:ASM>:-x$<SEMICOLON>assembler-with-cpp>)
if ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "Release")
message(STATUS "Maximum optimization for speed")
add_compile_options(-Ofast)
elseif ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "RelWithDebInfo")
message(STATUS "Maximum optimization for speed, debug info included")
add_compile_options(-Ofast -g)
elseif ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "MinSizeRel")
message(STATUS "Maximum optimization for size")
add_compile_options(-Os)
else ()
message(STATUS "Minimal optimization, debug info included")
add_compile_options(-Og -g)
endif ()
include_directories(Core/Inc Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Inc Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32H5xx/Include Drivers/CMSIS/Include)
add_definitions(-DDEBUG -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32H503xx)
file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES "Core/*.*" "Drivers/*.*")
set(LINKER_SCRIPT ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/STM32H503RBTX_FLASH.ld)
add_link_options(-Wl,-gc-sections,--print-memory-usage,-Map=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.map)
add_link_options(-mcpu=cortex-m33 -mthumb -mthumb-interwork)
add_link_options(-T ${LINKER_SCRIPT})
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}.elf ${SOURCES} ${LINKER_SCRIPT})
set(HEX_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.hex)
set(BIN_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.bin)
add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}.elf POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Oihex $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${HEX_FILE}
COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Obinary $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${BIN_FILE}
COMMENT "Building ${HEX_FILE}
Building ${BIN_FILE}")
以上是我的CMakeLists内容,我并未对其进行修改。开头指定了一下Cmake的版本,然后设置C语言版本和编译器,然后我们注意到有两段注释
#Uncomment for hardware floating point
#add_compile_definitions(ARM_MATH_CM4;ARM_MATH_MATRIX_CHECK;ARM_MATH_ROUNDING)
#add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)
#add_link_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)
#Uncomment for software floating point
#add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=soft)
这是关于STM32硬件浮点计算器(FPU)的配置代码,默认是没有开启的,我们需要取消第一块代码的注释,如果你的芯片没有FPU,那么请开启第二块代码的软件浮点。这里Clion生成的代码中存在错误,即ARM_MATH_CM4和**-mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16**,无论你使用什么芯片这两个宏都是不变的,我们需要对其进行修改,第一个修改成ARM_MATH_CM33因为我使用的芯片是M33内核,然后**-mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16**不需要修改。
-mcpu表示内核是cortex-m4内核;
-mthumb代表编译为thumb指令集
-mfloat-abi代表是否使用硬件浮点运算单元,有3种可选择:soft、softfp和hard。hard表示启用硬件浮点单元。
-mfpu代表硬件浮点运算单元的名称。
然后是编译选项和编译器优化
include_directories(Core/Inc Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Inc Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32H5xx/Include Drivers/CMSIS/Include)
file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES "Core/*.*" "Drivers/*.*")
是我们需要修改的地方,如果你需要添加新的源代码和头文件,你需要将你的文件夹添加入这两行中,不然编译器会找不到你添加的文件。
使用新的CubeMX生成的CMakeLists
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
#
# This file is generated only once,
# and is not re-generated if converter is called multiple times.
#
# User is free to modify the file as much as necessary
#
# Setup compiler settings
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_C_EXTENSIONS ON)
# Define the build type
if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
endif()
# Set the project name
set(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME H5_LED)
# Include toolchain file
include("cmake/gcc-arm-none-eabi.cmake")
# Enable compile command to ease indexing with e.g. clangd
set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS TRUE)
# Enable CMake support for ASM and C languages
enable_language(C ASM)
# Core project settings
project(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME})
message("Build type: " ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
# Create an executable object type
add_executable(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME})
# Add STM32CubeMX generated sources
add_subdirectory(cmake/stm32cubemx)
# Link directories setup
target_link_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
# Add user defined library search paths
)
# Add sources to executable
target_sources(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
# Add user sources here
)
# Add include paths
target_include_directories(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
# Add user defined include paths
)
# Add project symbols (macros)
target_compile_definitions(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE
# Add user defined symbols
)
# Add linked libraries
target_link_libraries(${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}
stm32cubemx
# Add user defined libraries
)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_FORCED TRUE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_FORCED TRUE)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID GNU)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID GNU)
# Some default GCC settings
# arm-none-eabi- must be part of path environment
set(TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX arm-none-eabi-)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}gcc)
set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER})
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}g++)
set(CMAKE_LINKER ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}g++)
set(CMAKE_OBJCOPY ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}objcopy)
set(CMAKE_SIZE ${TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX}size)
set(CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX_ASM ".elf")
set(CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX_C ".elf")
set(CMAKE_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX_CXX ".elf")
set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)
# MCU specific flags
set(TARGET_FLAGS "-mcpu=cortex-m33 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard ")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} ${TARGET_FLAGS}")
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections")
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE MATCHES Debug)
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -O0 -g3")
endif()
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE MATCHES Release)
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Os -g0")
endif()
set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -x assembler-with-cpp -MMD -MP")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions -fno-threadsafe-statics")
set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "${TARGET_FLAGS}")
set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS} -T \"${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/STM32H503xx_FLASH.ld\"")
set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS} --specs=nano.specs")
set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS} -Wl,-Map=${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}.map -Wl,--gc-sections")
set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS} -Wl,--start-group -lc -lm -Wl,--end-group")
set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS} -Wl,--print-memory-usage")
set(CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS} -Wl,--start-group -lstdc++ -lsupc++ -Wl,--end-group")
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(stm32cubemx)
add_library(stm32cubemx INTERFACE)
# Enable CMake support for ASM and C languages
enable_language(C ASM)
target_compile_definitions(stm32cubemx INTERFACE
USE_HAL_DRIVER
STM32H503xx
$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:DEBUG>
)
target_include_directories(stm32cubemx INTERFACE
../../Core/Inc
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Inc
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy
../../Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32H5xx/Include
../../Drivers/CMSIS/Include
)
target_sources(stm32cubemx INTERFACE
../../Core/Src/main.c
../../Core/Src/gpio.c
../../Core/Src/flash.c
../../Core/Src/gtzc.c
../../Core/Src/icache.c
../../Core/Src/memorymap.c
../../Core/Src/stm32h5xx_it.c
../../Core/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_msp.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_cortex.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_rcc.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_rcc_ex.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_flash.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_flash_ex.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_gpio.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_dma.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_dma_ex.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_pwr.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_pwr_ex.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_exti.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_gtzc.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_icache.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_tim.c
../../Drivers/STM32H5xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32h5xx_hal_tim_ex.c
../../Core/Src/system_stm32h5xx.c
../../Core/Src/sysmem.c
../../Core/Src/syscalls.c
../../startup_stm32h503xx.s
)
target_link_directories(stm32cubemx INTERFACE
)
target_link_libraries(stm32cubemx INTERFACE
)
# Validate that STM32CubeMX code is compatible with C standard
if(CMAKE_C_STANDARD LESS 11)
message(ERROR "Generated code requires C11 or higher")
endif()
可以看到CubeMX生成的CMakeLists分为三个部分,而且可以正确生成硬件FPU
set(TARGET_FLAGS "-mcpu=cortex-m33 -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard "),而且是默认开启的这一点要比Clion自动生成的要好,其实内容和Clion生成的版本差不多,第二个文件为编译选项,第三个文件是代码索引。
2.总结
根据自己的喜好选择生成方式就行了,我这里更喜欢Clion生成的毕竟用习惯了,可能写的不是很好,很多东西我也是自学的,所以可能不是很严谨,这块板子我验证完成后会进行开源,H5作为ST比较新的芯片,很多外设都与之前的不同,我也还在探索。