对Unity Input 输入控制的深入探讨

Unity Input

Unity需要通过键盘、鼠标、手柄、摇杆来获取玩家对游戏的控制。你可以在 Input窗口设置按钮和虚拟轴，在代码中通过Input类监听玩家控制。游戏发布后玩家也可以在设置对话框中自行设置相关按键。

添加及设置输入轴

Unity中打开Edit->Project Settings->Input面板，界面如下：

此项目中只有10个输入轴，如果你想添加自己的输入轴，只需要更改Size属性。Size表示你所有输入轴的数量。接下来我们看下每个输入轴里面的各个属性。

* Name： 该输入轴的名称，相当于ID，在代码中我们可以根据该属性引用对应的输入轴；
* Descriptive Name： 游戏设置对话框中输入轴的名称，方便玩家设置对应按键；
* Descriptive Negative Name： 和Descriptive Name差不多，只是表示相反方向；
* Negative Button ：对应于键盘、鼠标、手柄上的按键，并且是该控制的反向轴；
* Positive Button： 对应于键盘、鼠标、手柄上的按键，并且是该控制的正向轴；
* Alt Negative Button： Negative Button的备选按键；
* Alt Positive Button： Positive Button的备选按键；

* Gravity： 当不再按下此按键的时候，该输入轴的数值会以Gravity的速度变为默认值；
* Dead： 盲区。如果输入轴数值在此范围内，则以默认值替换；
* Sensitivity 当按下此按键的时候，该输入轴的数值从默认值以Sensitivity的速度向最大值增加，可视为Gravity属性的相反属性；
* Snap 如果选中，在按下一个按键的同时按下相反方向的按键输入轴数值立刻归零，比如在控制角色移动时，要想同时按下前进键和后退键角色站在原地不动时，可以勾选该属性；
* Invert： 如果选中，Negative Button和Positive Button的效果互换。如果要实现按下前进键时后退效果，可以勾选此项；
* Type 输入轴的输入设备类型，有Key or Mouse Button（j键盘按键、鼠标点击的等）、Mouse Movement（鼠标移动）、Joystick Axis（摇杆控制）；
* Axis： 外设的输入轴，有x控制轴、y控制轴、摇杆及滚轮轴等；
* Joy Num： 使用的摇杆序号。
关于Gravity和Sensitivity我们来看一个例子：

以水平轴为例，在代码中我们这样写：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class Move : MonoBehaviour {

    public int Speed = 10;
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start () {

    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update () {
        float x = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float y = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        Debug.Log("x:" + x + ";y:" + y + ".");
    }

}

我们按下D键的一瞬间，x值从默认值0逐渐增大，在Sensitivity=10的情况下经过7个Uptate时间（一帧的时间）到达目标值1，在Sensitivity=20的情况下经过4个Uptate时间到达目标值1；在我们松开D键的一瞬间x会以Gravity的速度向0变化。

使用代码监听输入轴

我们会用到Input接口来进行监听。在上面的例子中我们使用GetAxis()方法来获取输入轴的数值，参数为输入轴的名字（在Input窗口中的Name）。Input中还有好多监听方法，每个方法都有不同的用处。

GetAxis()和GetAxisRaw()

二者用法相似，区别在于GetAxis()的返回值是从1到-1之间的数，而GetAxisRaw()的返回值只能是0、1、-1。也就是说相比与GetAxisRaw()，GetAxis()提供了按键按下、按键松开的瞬时值。

GetKey* ()和GetButton* ()

GetButton*()和GetKey*()都要求传入一个String类型的参数，GetKey*()要求该参数是预设的枚举类型参数，在KeyCode.cs中定义；而GetButton*()中形参既可以是KeyCode.cs中定义好的枚举类型参数，也可以使在Input面板中我们自定义的参数Name，所以我们一般使用GetButton* ()。
GetButton* ()主要有GetButton()、GetButtonDown()、GetButtonUp()。在按下Button的那一帧，GetButton()、GetButtonDown()返回值为true。之后在按住Button时，GetButton()返回值为true，GetButtonDown()的返回值为false。在松开Button的那一帧，GetButton()的返回值变为false，GetButtonUp()的返回值变为true。在之后的一帧中，GetButonUp()的返回值变false。

GetMouseButton*()

监听鼠标按键。传入参数为整数0、1、2，分别代表左键、右键、滚轮键。GetMouseButton* ()有GetMouseButtonDown()、GetMouseButton()、GetMouseButtonUp()，其用法和GetButton* ()相似。

GetTouch()

Unity提供了对移动设备监听的接口，包括对触摸屏、加速度计、地理位置的监听。Input类中的GetTouch()用于对触摸屏监听，其返回值为预定义的Touch结构体，代表在屏幕上的一次触摸，该结构组成如下：

一般我们经常会用到Touch里面的phase。phase是TouchPhase类，而TouchPhase是一个枚举类型，定义如下：

public enum TouchPhase
    {
        //     A finger touched the screen.
        Began = 0,
        //     A finger moved on the screen.
        Moved = 1,
        //     A finger is touching the screen but hasn't moved.
        Stationary = 2,
        //     A finger was lifted from the screen. This is the final phase of a touch.
        Ended = 3,
        //     The system cancelled tracking for the touch.
        Canceled = 4
    }

其中，Began表示手指刚刚触摸屏幕（一次Touch的开始）；Moved表示手指在屏幕上移动；Stationary表示手指触摸屏幕且静止不动；Ended表示手指离开屏幕，Touch结束；Canceled表示系统取消了触控跟踪，比如说在触摸过程中用户将脸或者大腿贴在了屏幕上（显然没有哪款游戏是用脸或大腿触屏来控制的）。
Unity圣典给出了一个示例，用户在屏幕上点击，将射出一条光线：

var particle : GameObject;
function Update () {
    for (var touch : Touch in Input.touches) {
        if (touch.phase == TouchPhase.Began) {
            // Construct a ray from the current touch coordinates
            //从当前的触摸坐标建一条光线
            var ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay (touch.position);
            if (Physics.Raycast (ray)) {
                // Create a particle if hit
                //如果触摸就创建一个例子
                Instantiate (particle, transform.position, transform.rotation);
            }
        }
    }
}

KeyCode.cs

在GetButton()和GetCode()调用中，需要传入KeyCode.cs中预定义的枚举类型参数。KeyCode.cs中所有枚举参数如下：

键值	描述
None	Not assigned (never returned as the result of a keystroke).
Backspace	The backspace key.
Delete	The forward delete key.
Tab	The tab key.
Clear	The Clear key.
Return	Return key.
Pause	Pause on PC machines.
Escape	Escape key.
Space	Space key.
Keypad0	Numeric keypad 0.
Keypad1	Numeric keypad 1.
Keypad2	Numeric keypad 2.
Keypad3	Numeric keypad 3.
Keypad4	Numeric keypad 4.
Keypad5	Numeric keypad 5.
Keypad6	Numeric keypad 6.
Keypad7	Numeric keypad 7.
Keypad8	Numeric keypad 8.
Keypad9	Numeric keypad 9.
KeypadPeriod	Numeric keypad ‘.’.
KeypadDivide	Numeric keypad ‘/’.
KeypadMultiply	Numeric keypad ‘*’.
KeypadMinus	Numeric keypad ‘-‘.
KeypadPlus	Numeric keypad ‘+’.
KeypadEnter	Numeric keypad enter.
KeypadEquals	Numeric keypad ‘=’.
UpArrow	Up arrow key.
DownArrow	Down arrow key.
RightArrow	Right arrow key.
LeftArrow	Left arrow key.
Insert	Insert key key.
Home	Home key.
End	End key.
PageUp	Page up.
PageDown	Page down.
F1	F1 function key.
F2	F2 function key.
F3	F3 function key.
F4	F4 function key.
F5	F5 function key.
F6	F6 function key.
F7	F7 function key.
F8	F8 function key.
F9	F9 function key.
F10	F10 function key.
F11	F11 function key.
F12	F12 function key.
F13	F13 function key.
F14	F14 function key.
F15	F15 function key.
Alpha0	The ‘0’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha1	The ‘1’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha2	The ‘2’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha3	The ‘3’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha4	The ‘4’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha5	The ‘5’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha6	The ‘6’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha7	The ‘7’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha8	The ‘8’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Alpha9	The ‘9’ key on the top of the alphanumeric keyboard.
Exclaim	Exclamation mark key ‘!’.
DoubleQuote	Double quote key ‘”’.
Hash	Hash key ‘#’.
Dollar	Dollar sign key ‘$’.
Ampersand	Ampersand key ‘&’.
Quote	Quote key ‘.
LeftParen	Left Parenthesis key ‘(‘.
RightParen	Right Parenthesis key ‘)’.
Asterisk	Asterisk key ‘*’.
Plus	Plus key ‘+’.
Comma	Comma ‘,’ key.
Minus	Minus ‘-’ key.
Period	Period ‘.’ key.
Slash	Slash ‘/’ key.
Colon	Colon ‘:’ key.
Semicolon	Semicolon ‘;’ key.
Less	Less than ‘<’ key.
Equals	Equals ‘=’ key.
Greater	Greater than ‘>’ key.
Question	Question mark ‘?’ key.
At	At key ‘@’.
LeftBracket	Left square bracket key ‘[‘.
Backslash	Backslash key ‘\’.
RightBracket	Right square bracket key ‘]’.
Caret	Caret key ‘^’.
Underscore	Underscore ‘_’ key.
BackQuote	Back quote key ‘`’.
A	‘a’ key.
B	‘b’ key.
C	‘c’ key.
D	‘d’ key.
E	‘e’ key.
F	‘f’ key.
G	‘g’ key.
H	‘h’ key.
I	‘i’ key.
J	‘j’ key.
K	‘k’ key.
L	‘l’ key.
M	‘m’ key.
N	‘n’ key.
O	‘o’ key.
P	‘p’ key.
Q	‘q’ key.
R	‘r’ key.
S	’s’ key.
T	‘t’ key.
U	‘u’ key.
V	‘v’ key.
W	‘w’ key.
X	‘x’ key.
Y	‘y’ key.
Z	‘z’ key.
Numlock	Numlock key.
CapsLock	Capslock key.
ScrollLock	Scroll lock key.
RightShift	Right shift key.
LeftShift	Left shift key.
RightControl	Right Control key.
LeftControl	Left Control key.
RightAlt	Right Alt key.
LeftAlt	Left Alt key.
LeftCommand	Left Command key.
LeftApple	Left Command key.
LeftWindows	Left Windows key.
RightCommand	Right Command key.
RightApple	Right Command key.
RightWindows	Right Windows key.
AltGr	Alt Gr key.
Help	Help key.
Print	Print key.
SysReq	Sys Req key.
Break	Break key.
Menu	Menu key.
Mouse0	The Left (or primary) mouse button.
Mouse1	Right mouse button (or secondary mouse button).
Mouse2	Middle mouse button (or third button).
Mouse3	Additional (fourth) mouse button.
Mouse4	Additional (fifth) mouse button.
Mouse5	Additional (or sixth) mouse button.
Mouse6	Additional (or seventh) mouse button.
JoystickButton0	Button 0 on any joystick.
JoystickButton1	Button 1 on any joystick.
JoystickButton2	Button 2 on any joystick.
JoystickButton3	Button 3 on any joystick.
JoystickButton4	Button 4 on any joystick.
JoystickButton5	Button 5 on any joystick.
JoystickButton6	Button 6 on any joystick.
JoystickButton7	Button 7 on any joystick.
JoystickButton8	Button 8 on any joystick.
JoystickButton9	Button 9 on any joystick.
JoystickButton10	Button 10 on any joystick.
JoystickButton11	Button 11 on any joystick.
JoystickButton12	Button 12 on any joystick.
JoystickButton13	Button 13 on any joystick.
JoystickButton14	Button 14 on any joystick.
JoystickButton15	Button 15 on any joystick.
JoystickButton16	Button 16 on any joystick.
JoystickButton17	Button 17 on any joystick.
JoystickButton18	Button 18 on any joystick.
JoystickButton19	Button 19 on any joystick.
Joystick1Button0	Button 0 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button1	Button 1 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button2	Button 2 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button3	Button 3 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button4	Button 4 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button5	Button 5 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button6	Button 6 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button7	Button 7 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button8	Button 8 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button9	Button 9 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button10	Button 10 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button11	Button 11 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button12	Button 12 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button13	Button 13 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button14	Button 14 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button15	Button 15 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button16	Button 16 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button17	Button 17 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button18	Button 18 on first joystick.
Joystick1Button19	Button 19 on first joystick.
Joystick2Button0	Button 0 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button1	Button 1 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button2	Button 2 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button3	Button 3 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button4	Button 4 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button5	Button 5 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button6	Button 6 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button7	Button 7 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button8	Button 8 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button9	Button 9 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button10	Button 10 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button11	Button 11 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button12	Button 12 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button13	Button 13 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button14	Button 14 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button15	Button 15 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button16	Button 16 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button17	Button 17 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button18	Button 18 on second joystick.
Joystick2Button19	Button 19 on second joystick.
Joystick3Button0	Button 0 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button1	Button 1 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button2	Button 2 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button3	Button 3 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button4	Button 4 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button5	Button 5 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button6	Button 6 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button7	Button 7 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button8	Button 8 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button9	Button 9 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button10	Button 10 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button11	Button 11 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button12	Button 12 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button13	Button 13 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button14	Button 14 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button15	Button 15 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button16	Button 16 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button17	Button 17 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button18	Button 18 on third joystick.
Joystick3Button19	Button 19 on third joystick.
Joystick4Button0	Button 0 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button1	Button 1 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button2	Button 2 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button3	Button 3 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button4	Button 4 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button5	Button 5 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button6	Button 6 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button7	Button 7 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button8	Button 8 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button9	Button 9 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button10	Button 10 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button11	Button 11 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button12	Button 12 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button13	Button 13 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button14	Button 14 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button15	Button 15 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button16	Button 16 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button17	Button 17 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button18	Button 18 on forth joystick.
Joystick4Button19	Button 19 on forth joystick.
Joystick5Button0	Button 0 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button1	Button 1 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button2	Button 2 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button3	Button 3 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button4	Button 4 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button5	Button 5 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button6	Button 6 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button7	Button 7 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button8	Button 8 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button9	Button 9 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button10	Button 10 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button11	Button 11 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button12	Button 12 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button13	Button 13 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button14	Button 14 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button15	Button 15 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button16	Button 16 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button17	Button 17 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button18	Button 18 on fifth joystick.
Joystick5Button19	Button 19 on fifth joystick.
Joystick6Button0	Button 0 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button1	Button 1 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button2	Button 2 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button3	Button 3 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button4	Button 4 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button5	Button 5 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button6	Button 6 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button7	Button 7 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button8	Button 8 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button9	Button 9 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button10	Button 10 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button11	Button 11 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button12	Button 12 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button13	Button 13 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button14	Button 14 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button15	Button 15 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button16	Button 16 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button17	Button 17 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button18	Button 18 on sixth joystick.
Joystick6Button19	Button 19 on sixth joystick.
Joystick7Button0	Button 0 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button1	Button 1 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button2	Button 2 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button3	Button 3 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button4	Button 4 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button5	Button 5 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button6	Button 6 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button7	Button 7 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button8	Button 8 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button9	Button 9 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button10	Button 10 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button11	Button 11 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button12	Button 12 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button13	Button 13 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button14	Button 14 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button15	Button 15 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button16	Button 16 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button17	Button 17 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button18	Button 18 on seventh joystick.
Joystick7Button19	Button 19 on seventh joystick.
Joystick8Button0	Button 0 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button1	Button 1 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button2	Button 2 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button3	Button 3 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button4	Button 4 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button5	Button 5 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button6	Button 6 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button7	Button 7 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button8	Button 8 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button9	Button 9 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button10	Button 10 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button11	Button 11 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button12	Button 12 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button13	Button 13 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button14	Button 14 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button15	Button 15 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button16	Button 16 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button17	Button 17 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button18	Button 18 on eighth joystick.
Joystick8Button19	Button 19 on eighth joystick.