二、提取的特征进行处理——SSD

通过特征提取，总共获得六个有效特征层，在每一个有效特征层上进行一次num_priors x 4（通道数）的卷积和一次num_priors x num_classes（通道数）的卷积，然后需要计算每一个有效特征层对应的先验框（该特征层上每一个网格点上预先设定好的多个框。）
。其中num_priors指的是该特征层每个网格所拥有的先验框数量。
其中：
（1）num_priors x 4的卷积， 用于预测该特征层上每一个网格点上每一个先验框位置（包括四个参数x，y，w，h）的变化情况。（为什么说是变化情况呢，这是因为ssd的预测结果需要结合先验框获得预测框，预测结果就是先验框的变化情况。）
（2）num_priors x num_classes的卷积 用于预测 该特征层上 每一个网格点上 每一个预测框对应的种类（这里种类+=1（背景））。

所有的特征层对应的预测结果的shape如下：

代码：

def SSD300(input_shape, num_classes=21):
    # 300,300,3 图片尺寸
    input_tensor = Input(shape=input_shape)
    img_size = (input_shape[1], input_shape[0])

    # SSD结构,net字典
    net = VGG16(input_tensor)
    #-----------------------将提取到的主干特征进行处理---------------------------#
    # 对conv4_3进行处理 38,38,512（正则化）
    net['conv4_3_norm'] = Normalize(20, name='conv4_3_norm')(net['conv4_3'])
    num_priors = 4
    # 预测框的处理
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，4是x,y,h,w的调整
    net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_loc'] = Conv2D(num_priors * 4, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same', name='conv4_3_norm_mbox_loc')(net['conv4_3_norm'])
    net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_loc_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv4_3_norm_mbox_loc_flat')(net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_loc'])
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，num_classes是所分的类
    net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_conf'] = Conv2D(num_priors * num_classes, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv4_3_norm_mbox_conf')(net['conv4_3_norm'])
    net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_conf_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv4_3_norm_mbox_conf_flat')(net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_conf'])
    priorbox = PriorBox(img_size, 30.0,max_size = 60.0, aspect_ratios=[2],
                        variances=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2],
                        name='conv4_3_norm_mbox_priorbox')
    net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_priorbox'] = priorbox(net['conv4_3_norm'])
    
    
    # 对fc7层进行处理 
    num_priors = 6
    # 预测框的处理
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，4是x,y,h,w的调整
    net['fc7_mbox_loc'] = Conv2D(num_priors * 4, kernel_size=(3,3),padding='same',name='fc7_mbox_loc')(net['fc7'])
    net['fc7_mbox_loc_flat'] = Flatten(name='fc7_mbox_loc_flat')(net['fc7_mbox_loc'])
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，num_classes是所分的类
    net['fc7_mbox_conf'] = Conv2D(num_priors * num_classes, kernel_size=(3,3),padding='same',name='fc7_mbox_conf')(net['fc7'])
    net['fc7_mbox_conf_flat'] = Flatten(name='fc7_mbox_conf_flat')(net['fc7_mbox_conf'])

    priorbox = PriorBox(img_size, 60.0, max_size=111.0, aspect_ratios=[2, 3],
                        variances=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2],
                        name='fc7_mbox_priorbox')
    net['fc7_mbox_priorbox'] = priorbox(net['fc7'])

    # 对conv6_2进行处理
    num_priors = 6
    # 预测框的处理
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，4是x,y,h,w的调整
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * 4, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv6_2_mbox_loc')(net['conv6_2'])
    net['conv6_2_mbox_loc'] = x
    net['conv6_2_mbox_loc_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv6_2_mbox_loc_flat')(net['conv6_2_mbox_loc'])
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，num_classes是所分的类
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * num_classes, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv6_2_mbox_conf')(net['conv6_2'])
    net['conv6_2_mbox_conf'] = x
    net['conv6_2_mbox_conf_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv6_2_mbox_conf_flat')(net['conv6_2_mbox_conf'])

    priorbox = PriorBox(img_size, 111.0, max_size=162.0, aspect_ratios=[2, 3],
                        variances=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2],
                        name='conv6_2_mbox_priorbox')
    net['conv6_2_mbox_priorbox'] = priorbox(net['conv6_2'])

    # 对conv7_2进行处理
    num_priors = 6
    # 预测框的处理
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，4是x,y,h,w的调整
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * 4, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv7_2_mbox_loc')(net['conv7_2'])
    net['conv7_2_mbox_loc'] = x
    net['conv7_2_mbox_loc_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv7_2_mbox_loc_flat')(net['conv7_2_mbox_loc'])
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，num_classes是所分的类
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * num_classes, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv7_2_mbox_conf')(net['conv7_2'])
    net['conv7_2_mbox_conf'] = x
    net['conv7_2_mbox_conf_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv7_2_mbox_conf_flat')(net['conv7_2_mbox_conf'])

    priorbox = PriorBox(img_size, 162.0, max_size=213.0, aspect_ratios=[2, 3],
                        variances=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2],
                        name='conv7_2_mbox_priorbox')
    net['conv7_2_mbox_priorbox'] = priorbox(net['conv7_2'])

    # 对conv8_2进行处理
    num_priors = 4
    # 预测框的处理
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，4是x,y,h,w的调整
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * 4, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv8_2_mbox_loc')(net['conv8_2'])
    net['conv8_2_mbox_loc'] = x
    net['conv8_2_mbox_loc_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv8_2_mbox_loc_flat')(net['conv8_2_mbox_loc'])
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，num_classes是所分的类
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * num_classes, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv8_2_mbox_conf')(net['conv8_2'])
    net['conv8_2_mbox_conf'] = x
    net['conv8_2_mbox_conf_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv8_2_mbox_conf_flat')(net['conv8_2_mbox_conf'])

    priorbox = PriorBox(img_size, 213.0, max_size=264.0, aspect_ratios=[2],
                        variances=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2],
                        name='conv8_2_mbox_priorbox')
    net['conv8_2_mbox_priorbox'] = priorbox(net['conv8_2'])

    # 对conv9_2进行处理
    num_priors = 4
    # 预测框的处理
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，4是x,y,h,w的调整
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * 4, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv9_2_mbox_loc')(net['conv9_2'])
    net['conv9_2_mbox_loc'] = x
    net['conv9_2_mbox_loc_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv9_2_mbox_loc_flat')(net['conv9_2_mbox_loc'])
    # num_priors表示每个网格点先验框的数量，num_classes是所分的类
    x = Conv2D(num_priors * num_classes, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same',name='conv9_2_mbox_conf')(net['conv9_2'])
    net['conv9_2_mbox_conf'] = x
    net['conv9_2_mbox_conf_flat'] = Flatten(name='conv9_2_mbox_conf_flat')(net['conv9_2_mbox_conf'])
    
    priorbox = PriorBox(img_size, 264.0, max_size=315.0, aspect_ratios=[2],
                        variances=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2],
                        name='conv9_2_mbox_priorbox')

    net['conv9_2_mbox_priorbox'] = priorbox(net['conv9_2'])

    # 将所有结果进行堆叠
    net['mbox_loc'] = concatenate([net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_loc_flat'],
                             net['fc7_mbox_loc_flat'],
                             net['conv6_2_mbox_loc_flat'],
                             net['conv7_2_mbox_loc_flat'],
                             net['conv8_2_mbox_loc_flat'],
                             net['conv9_2_mbox_loc_flat']],
                            axis=1, name='mbox_loc')
    net['mbox_conf'] = concatenate([net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_conf_flat'],
                              net['fc7_mbox_conf_flat'],
                              net['conv6_2_mbox_conf_flat'],
                              net['conv7_2_mbox_conf_flat'],
                              net['conv8_2_mbox_conf_flat'],
                              net['conv9_2_mbox_conf_flat']],
                             axis=1, name='mbox_conf')
    net['mbox_priorbox'] = concatenate([net['conv4_3_norm_mbox_priorbox'],
                                  net['fc7_mbox_priorbox'],
                                  net['conv6_2_mbox_priorbox'],
                                  net['conv7_2_mbox_priorbox'],
                                  net['conv8_2_mbox_priorbox'],
                                  net['conv9_2_mbox_priorbox']],
                                  axis=1, name='mbox_priorbox')

    if hasattr(net['mbox_loc'], '_keras_shape'):
        num_boxes = net['mbox_loc']._keras_shape[-1] // 4
    elif hasattr(net['mbox_loc'], 'int_shape'):
        num_boxes = K.int_shape(net['mbox_loc'])[-1] // 4
    # 8732,4
    net['mbox_loc'] = Reshape((num_boxes, 4),name='mbox_loc_final')(net['mbox_loc'])
    # 8732,21
    net['mbox_conf'] = Reshape((num_boxes, num_classes),name='mbox_conf_logits')(net['mbox_conf'])
    net['mbox_conf'] = Activation('softmax',name='mbox_conf_final')(net['mbox_conf'])

    net['predictions'] = concatenate([net['mbox_loc'],
                               net['mbox_conf'],
                               net['mbox_priorbox']],
                               axis=2, name='predictions')
    print(net['predictions'])
    model = Model(net['input'], net['predictions'])
    return model在这里插入代码片