以类成员的方式重载new delete

在类成员中重载new和delete， 必须声明为static类型，这是因为，在new的时候，对象并没有constructor或destructor， 不存在

this指针，所以利用static函数的特性就可以正确的重载new和delete作为成员函数。

即便不声明为static，那么编译器会自动编译为static静态函数.

如下类：

// 头文件

#pragma once
#include <string>


using namespace std;


class ForbidHeapObject
{
public:
ForbidHeapObject(void);
~ForbidHeapObject(void);


string GetReason()
{
string reason = "";
reason.append("Because new and delete function !");
return reason;
}
public:
/*static*/ void* operator new(size_t size);
/static/ void operator delete(void *ptr);
static void IncretTest();
private:


int new_num; // static int new_num
};

// .cpp实现

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ForbidHeapObject.h"
#include <iostream>


using namespace std;

// int ForbidHeapObject::new_num = 0;


ForbidHeapObject::ForbidHeapObject(void)
{
cout << "constructor" << endl;
new_num = 0;
}




ForbidHeapObject::~ForbidHeapObject(void)
{
}


void* ForbidHeapObject::operator new(size_t size)
{
new_num++;
return NULL;
}


void ForbidHeapObject::operator delete(void *ptr)
{
new_num--;
}



void ForbidHeapObject::IncretTest()
{
new_num++;
}

// vs2012

// .cpp测试

ForbidHeapObject *b = new ForbidHeapObject(); //如果new_num变量类型不为static，  编译不能通过

// 如果new_num变量声明为static， 则无论重载operator new/ operator delete，均能通过编译