一、列表简介
列表是一系列按特定顺序裴烈的元素组成,可以把任何东西放进列表中,列表其实相当于 C 语言中的数组,元素之间是没有任何关系的。
一版情况下给列表指定一个复数的名称,如 letters、digits、names之类的
bicycles=["trek","cannondale","redline","specialized"]
想要打印列表的话 直接打印即可
print(bicycles)
1、访问列表元素
bicycles=["trek","cannondale","redline","specialized"]
print(bicycles[0])
运行结果:
trek
【在访问列表元素的时候,python只返回该元素,而不包括引号 方括号等】
注意:访问索引是从0开始的,而不是1开始;想要访问最后一个元素可以使用:bicycles[-1]
bicycles[-2] 表示倒数第二个元素
bicycles[-3] 表示倒数第三个元素
2、修改、添加与删除
2.1 修改
motorcycles = ["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'
print(motorcycles)
运行结果:
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
2.2 添加
在末尾添加
motorcycles = ["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.append('ducati')
print(motorcycles)
运行结果:
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
在列表中插入
motorcycles = ["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.insert(0,'ducati') # insert 可以在列表的任意位置添加新元素
print(motorcycles)
运行结果:
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['ducati', 'honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
2.3 删除元素
使用 del 语句删除元素
motorcycles = ["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
del motorcycles[0]
print(motorcycles)
运行结果:
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['yamaha', 'suzuki']
使用 pop() 删除元素
pop就相当于是 弹出,操作之后这个元素就不在列表中了
motorcycles = ["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()
print(motorcycles)
print(popped_motorcycle)
运行结果:
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'yamaha']
suzuki
注意:被pop之后的元素不在列表中了
还可以pop指定位置的元素
motorcycles = ["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop(0)
print(motorcycles)
print(popped_motorcycle)
运行结果:
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['yamaha', 'suzuki']
honda
如果不知道列表中要删除的元素位置,只知道元素的值,那么可以使用remove命令
motorcycles = ["honda","yamaha","suzuki"]
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.remove('honda')
print(motorcycles)
运行结果:
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['yamaha', 'suzuki']
注意:remove只删除第一个指定的值,想要删除所有的 这个值的元素,就需要使用循环来完成
二、组织列表-排序
1、使用sort()对列表进行永久性排序
默认按照首字母的升序进行排序
cars = ["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
cars.sort()
print(cars)
运行结果:
['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
如果想要降序排序,就需要将 reserve 参数设置成 true
cars = ["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
cars.sort(reverse = True)
print(cars)
运行结果:
['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']
2、使用 sorted() 对列表进行临时排序
要保留列表元素原来的排列顺序,同时以特定的顺序呈现他们,就可以使用sorted()函数来完成
cars = ["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
print(cars)
print(sorted(cars))
print(cars)
运行结果:
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
可见 sort 没有改变原列表的顺序
3、反转列表顺序: reverse()
cars = ["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
print(cars)
cars.reverse()
print(cars)
运行结果:
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['subaru', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']
4、确定列表长度: len()
cars = ["bmw","audi","toyota","subaru"]
print(len(cars))
运行结果:
4