C++学习日志24---string类和array类

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一、string类(字符串)

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    //创建字符串
    string s{ "Hello" };
    //clear 
    s.clear();
    //用数组为字符串赋值
    char arr[]{ 'W','o','r','l','d' };
    s += arr;
    //assign()
    s.assign("1024");
    //append
    s.append("  ");
    s.append(5, '\t');
    //s.append("!");
    cout << s << endl;
    //inset 空白
    s.insert(0, "  ");
    //移除字符串前面的空白
    s.erase(0, s.find_first_not_of(" \t\n\r"));
    //移除字符串后面的空白
    s.erase(s.find_last_not_of("  \t\n\r") + 1);
    //把字符串转化为整数或浮点数
    int x = std::stoi(s);
    cout << s << endl;
    cout << "x= " << x << endl;

    string s2 = std::to_string(x);
    cout << "s2 = "<<s2 << endl;

    return 0;

}

得到结果如上图所示。

二、array类(数组)

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<array>
#include<algorithm>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::array;
void print(array<int, 3>& a)
{
    for (auto x:a)
    {
        cout << x << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}
int search(array<int, 3>& a, int token)
{
    bool exist{ false };
    int i = 0;
    for (auto element : a)
    {
        if (element == token)
        {
            exist = true;
            break;
        }
        i++;
    }
    if (exist)
        return(i);
    else
        return(-1);
}
int main()
{
    //1.创建数组 
    std::array a1{ 1,2,4 };
    print(a1);
    cout << endl;
    //2.为数组赋值
    a1 = { 7,8,9 };
    print(a1);
    cout << endl;
    //3.交换数组
    array b1{ 100,200,300 };
    print(b1);
    a1.swap(b1);
    print(a1);
    print(b1);
    //4.求数组大小
    cout << a1.size() << endl;
    cout << a1.max_size() << endl;
    //5.编写search函数，在数组中查找一个值
    cout << "search 300: " << search(a1, 300) << endl;
    cout << "search 1 :" << search(a1, 1) << endl;
    //6.sort
    std::sort(a1.rbegin(), a1.rend());
    print(a1);
    //7.二维数组
    std::array<std::array<int, 3>, 4> a8;
    return 0;

}

得到结果如上图所示。