分层模型
OSI
TCP/IP
7层
4/5
理论
实践
跨层封装(telnet 和ping)、BPDU
网络分层
接入层 :IP,DHCP,vlan trunk,流量过滤acl,security
分布层:policy
核心层:高速转发
DHCP
server POOL ip mask gw dns
1、client discover message
D:255.255.255.255
S:0.0.0.0
2、server: offer message
D:server ip
S:255.255.255.255
多服务器情况下,客户端先来先得
3、client request message ack ,回收
D:255.255.255.255
S:0.0.0.0
4、server dhcp ack
D:255.255.255.255
S:server ip
client udp 68,
server udp 67
配置案例
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10
!
ip dhcp pool pool1
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.1.1
dns-server 202.98.126.68
lease 3
客户服务通信抓包情况
show ip dhcp binding
Helper Addressing Overview
Routers do not forward broadcasts,by default.
Helper address provices selective connectlivity.
Why Use a Helper Address ?
Sometimes clients do not know the server address.
Helpers change broadcast to unicast to reach server.
命令:ip helper-address dhcp ip address
配置案例
R2配置
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
ip helper-address 192.168.2.3
R3配置
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.20
!
ip dhcp pool pool1
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.2.3
dns-server 192.168.2.3
lease 3
POOL 地址池调用,接口不需要调用POOL池。
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Control:
1、AD 小
C:0
S:1
D:90
O:110
I:115
R:120
2、Metric
RIP:跳数,EIGRP,带宽+延迟
DATA:
1、Des IP& MASK
2、最长匹配
____________________________________________________________________________
EIGRP(Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
1、范围
2、设计原理,(DV,LS)
EIGRP Hybrid
3、有类,无类
封装
L2 IP EIGRP FCS
protocol :88
组播地址:224.0.0.10
Partial updates 增量更新,
Support for multiple network-layer protocols
Multicast and unicast instead of broadcast
Manual summarization at any point
100% loop-free classless routing
Easy configuration for wans and lans
load balancing accross equal-and unequal-cost pathways
EIGRP Key Technologies
Hello
RTP
DUAL
PDMs(IP,AppleTalk,Novell NetWare)
三张表
Eigrp Neighbor Table
IP EIGRP Topology Table( 重点)
The IP Routing Table
FD(Feasible Distance),AD或RD(Advertised Distancd)
Hello;Establist neighbor relationships.
Update:Send routing updates.
Query:Ask neighbors about routing information.
Reply:Respond to query about routing infomation.
ACK:Acknowledge a reliable packet.
Same metric componets as IGRP
--Bandwidth
K1
MIN
--Loading
K2
Max
--Delay
K3
Summary
--Rellability
K4
MIN
--MTU
K5
MIN
EIGRP metric is IGRP metric multiplied by 256
计算公式:
kbps,usec
10Mbps,10000kbps
邻居
1、AS号匹配
2、K值
3、passwork
0:匹配
1:忽略
HOLD =3*HELLO,HELLO:5s
SRRT(Smooth Round-Timer)(ms)
RTO(Restransmission TimeOut)(ms) 重传 16,Reset Nei
auto-summary
本地
学习到的
一般关闭自动汇总。
路由流向的入接口
接口改带宽,与实际发包速率没有关系。
K值不匹配,邻居关系建立不赶快来。
hello,不一致,不影响邻居关系建立。
OSI
7层
理论
网络分层
接入层 :IP,DHCP,vlan trunk,流量过滤acl,security
分布层:policy
核心层:高速转发
DHCP
server POOL ip mask gw dns
1、client discover message
2、server: offer message
S:255.255.255.255
多服务器情况下,客户端先来先得
3、client request message
D:255.255.255.255
S:0.0.0.0
4、server
D:255.255.255.255
S:server ip
client udp 68,
server udp
配置案例
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10
!
ip dhcp pool pool1
show ip dhcp binding
Helper Addressing Overview
Why Use a Helper Address ?
配置案例
R2配置
interface Ethernet0/0
R3配置
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.20
!
ip dhcp pool pool1
POOL 地址池调用,接口不需要调用POOL池。
—————————————————————————————————————————————
Control:
1、AD 小
2、Metric
DATA:
____________________________________________________________________________
EIGRP(Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
1、范围
2、设计原理,(DV,LS)
3、有类,无类
封装
L2 IP EIGRP FCS
protocol :88
组播地址:224.0.0.10
Partial updates 增量更新,
Support for multiple network-layer protocols
Multicast and unicast instead of broadcast
Manual summarization at any point
100% loop-free classless routing
Easy configuration for wans and lans
load balancing accross equal-and unequal-cost pathways
EIGRP Key Technologies
Eigrp Neighbor Table
IP EIGRP Topology Table( 重点)
The IP Routing Table
FD(Feasible Distance),AD或RD(Advertised Distancd)
Hello;Establist neighbor
Update:Send routing updates.
Query:Ask neighbors about routing information.
Reply:Respond to query about routing infomation.
ACK:Acknowledge a reliable packet.
Same metric componets as IGRP
--Bandwidth
--Loading
--Delay
--Rellability
--MTU
EIGRP metric is IGRP metric multiplied by 256
计算公式:
kbps,usec
10Mbps,10000kbps
邻居
1、AS号匹配
2、K值
3、passwork
0:匹配
1:忽略
HOLD =3*HELLO,HELLO:5s
SRRT(Smooth
RTO(Restransmission TimeOut)(ms) 重传 16,Reset Nei
auto-summary
一般关闭自动汇总。
路由流向的入接口
接口改带宽,与实际发包速率没有关系。
K值不匹配,邻居关系建立不赶快来。
hello,不一致,不影响邻居关系建立。