GCC 总览

编译一个GCC

GCC 编译过程

• 编译原理
• Crosstool-NG 编译 riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc
• riscv-gnu-toolchain 编译出 riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc

编译出 GCC 所需的代码

• gcc
• glibc

stdlib
stdlib-c++

newlibc
glibc
musl libc
ulibc

crt0.o
crts.o
crtend.o

GCC 编译出的文件

• libgcc.a 与 除法1:__umodsi3与除法2:__aeabi_uidivmod和__aeabi_uidiv 和 __aeabi_idiv
• The GCC low-level runtime library

https://web.mit.edu/rhel-doc/3/rhel-gcc-en-3/link-options.html

-nostartfiles
Do not use the standard system startup files when linking. 
The standard system libraries are used normally, unless -nostdlib or -nodefaultlibs is used.

-nodefaultlibs
Do not use the standard system libraries when linking. Only the libraries you specify will be passed to the linker. 
The standard startup files are used normally, unless -nostartfiles is used. The compiler may generate calls to bcopy and bzero for BSD environments. 
These entries are usually resolved by entries in libc. 
These entry points should be supplied through some other mechanism when this option is specified.

-nostdlib
Do not use the standard system startup files or libraries when linking. 
No startup files and only the libraries you specify will be passed to the linker. 
The compiler may generate calls to bcopy and bzero for BSD environments. 
These entries are usually resolved by entries in libc. 
These entry points should be supplied through some other mechanism when this option is specified.

One of the standard libraries bypassed by -nostdlib and -nodefaultlibs is libgcc.a, a library of internal subroutines that GCC uses to overcome shortcomings of particular machines, or special needs for some languages. 
(, for more discussion of libgcc.a.) In most cases, you need libgcc.a even when you want to avoid other standard libraries. 
In other words, when you specify -nostdlib or -nodefaultlibs you should usually specify -lgcc as well. This ensures that you have no unresolved references to internal GCC library subroutines. 
(For example, __main, used to ensure C++ constructors will be called; .)

GCC 选项

GCC 使用文档

• 各个版本的gcc online docs
• 最新版本的Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) GNU onlinedocs
• 3.4 的Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3
• 13.0.1 的gcc online docs 概略翻译

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• 各个版本的glibc online docs
• 最新版本的glibc online docs

GCC 编译过程

预处理
gcc -E helloworld.c -o helloworld.i  

编译
gcc -S helloworld.i -o helloworld.s 

汇编
gcc -c helloworld.s -o helloworld.o  

 链接
gcc helloworld.o -o helloworld  

GCC 预处理选项

GCC 编译选项

GCC优化

• gcc 编译优化
• 编译优化带来的问题实例1
• 乱序和屏障1 : 总览 及 编译器内存屏障
• 扩展 : CPU优化

GCC其他选项

-static
-fno-builtin
-nostartfiles
-nostdlib

GCC 汇编选项

-mcpu
-arch

GCC 链接选项

是谁执行 ld
如何传递给ld
-T