目录:
- vector space (向量空间)
- subspace space (子空间)
- 由 Ax=b 理解column space (列空间)
- 由 Ax=0 理解null space(零空间),求解 Ax=0 的主变量及特解
- 矩阵的秩(rank)
1. 向量空间
从字面理解,向量所在的空间,即列向量所处的空间维度。
Definition: The space Rn consists of all column vectors v with
性质: 向量间相加,向量间的数乘以及线性组合仍然在此空间中。
Rn 中用 R 的原因是向量中每个值都是real number,如果向量中每个值都是复数,那么则用
例如:
Here are three vector spaces other than Rn :
M - The vector space of all real 2 by 2 matrices.
Z - The vector space that consists only of a
2.子空间
Definition:A subspace of a vector space is a set of vectors (including 0 ) that satisfies two requirements: If
(i)
(ii) c v is in the subspace;
The whole space is a subspace (of itself) including:
(1)The whole space.
(2)Every subspace contains the
(3)Lines through the origin are also subspaces;
(4)The single vector (0,0,0) ;
例如:
R3 的子空间:
(直线 L ) Any line through
(向量空间 R3 )The whole space
(平面 P ) Any plane through
(零向量 Z )The single vector