c++ unique_ptr

C++11 智能指针unique_ptr，在析构函数中释放内存，支持自定义释放函数

常用语法

申请数组 std::unique_ptr<int[]> ptr(new int[N]);

申请对象 std::unique_ptr<A> ptr2(new A);

释放或重置 reset(..)

获取指针 get()

 

示例代码：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <functional>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;
class A {
 public:
  A(int a, int b) { cout << "A(" << a << "," << b << ")" << this << endl; }
  A() { cout << "A()" << this << endl; }
  ~A() { cout << "~A()" << this << endl; }
  void print() {
    cout << "print()" << endl;
  }
};

int main() {
  {
    int N = 4;
    std::unique_ptr<int[]> ptr(new int[N]);

    //access like an array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      ptr[i] = i;
    }

    //access like an array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      cout << ptr[i];
    }

    cout << endl;
  }

  {
    cout << "use reset\n";
    std::unique_ptr<A> ptr2(new A);
    A *b = new A;
    ptr2.reset(b);
  }
  {
    std::unique_ptr<A[]> ptr2(new A[4]);
    ptr2.reset();
  }
  {
    //auto close file
    std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, int(*)(std::FILE *)> fp(std::fopen("demo.txt", "w"), std::fclose);
    //std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, std::function<void(FILE *)>> fp(std::fopen("demo.txt", "w"), [](FILE * fp) {fclose(fp); });
    fprintf(fp.get(), "%s", "hello");
  }
  {
    std::unique_ptr<A, std::function<void(A *)>> p(new A, [](A * ptr) {
      std::cout << "destroying from a custom deleter...\n";
      delete ptr;
    });
  }

  {
    auto p = std::make_unique<A>(1, 2);
    p->print();
    auto ptr = make_unique<int[]>(4);//int [4] array
  }
}

更多参考：https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/unique_ptr