OpenGL基础（15） 旋转立方体 源码&显示效果

说明：本系列视频使用 mac平台的Xcode来实现，windows平台和Linux平台与之类似。

1 程序功能简介

说明：一个动态旋转的立方体 的局部截图。该案例 主要是通过实战 理解 深度测试。

2 程序代码-旋转立方体

2.1 核心源码

源码如下所示：

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <learnopengl/filesystem.h>
#include <cmath>
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

//===================macro & header process start===================
//triangle draw test
#include <learnopengl/shader_m.h>
//===================macro & header process end===================
#define SHADER_ROOT_DIR "/Users/wangdaosheng/Desktop/X-Project/AGS_Repository/OpenGL/OpenGL-demo/openGLtest1/shader/"

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);

// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

int main()
{
    // @1.1 glfw: initialize and configure---------------------
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    
#ifdef __APPLE__
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // uncomment this statement to fix compilation on OS X
#endif
    
    // @1.2 glfw window creation---------------------
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "DaoshengOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

    // @1.3 glad: load all OpenGL function pointers---------------------
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    
    // @2 shader op
    Shader texture_matrix_op_Shader(SHADER_ROOT_DIR"texture.vs", SHADER_ROOT_DIR"texture.fs");
    
    float texture_matrix_op_vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f
    };
    
    unsigned int texture_matrix_op_VBO, texture_matrix_op_VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &texture_matrix_op_VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &texture_matrix_op_VBO);
    glBindVertexArray(texture_matrix_op_VAO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, texture_matrix_op_VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(texture_matrix_op_vertices), texture_matrix_op_vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    // position attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    // texture coord attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    
    unsigned int texture1,texture2;
    int width,height,nrChannels;
    //texture1 op start
    glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1); // all upcoming GL_TEXTURE_2D operations now have effect on this texture object
    // set the texture wrapping parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);    // set texture wrapping to GL_REPEAT (default wrapping method)
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // set texture filtering parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true); // tell stb_image.h to flip loaded texture's on the y-axis.
    unsigned char *texture1_data = stbi_load(FileSystem::getPath("resources/textures/container.jpg").c_str(), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    if (texture1_data)
    {
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture1_data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to load texture1" << std::endl;
    }
    stbi_image_free(texture1_data);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
    //texture1 op end
    
    //texture2 op start
    glGenTextures(1, &texture2);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2); // all upcoming GL_TEXTURE_2D operations now have effect on this texture object
    // set the texture wrapping parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);    // set texture wrapping to GL_REPEAT (default wrapping method)
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // set texture filtering parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true); // tell stb_image.h to flip loaded texture's on the y-axis.
    unsigned char *texture2_data = stbi_load(FileSystem::getPath("resources/textures/brickwall_normal.jpg").c_str(), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
    if (texture2_data)
    {
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texture2_data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to load texture2" << std::endl;
    }
    stbi_image_free(texture2_data);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
    //texture2 op end
    
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    
    // render loop
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // input process
        processInput(window);
        // render process
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        // render container
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
        glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(texture_matrix_op_Shader.ID, "texture1"), 0);
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
        glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(texture_matrix_op_Shader.ID, "texture2"), 1);
        
        // activate shader
        texture_matrix_op_Shader.use();
        
        // create transformations
        glm::mat4 model;
        glm::mat4 view;
        glm::mat4 projection;
        model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
        view  = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
        projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        // retrieve the matrix uniform locations
        unsigned int modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(texture_matrix_op_Shader.ID, "model");
        unsigned int viewLoc  = glGetUniformLocation(texture_matrix_op_Shader.ID, "view");
        // pass them to the shaders (3 different ways)
        glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
        glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, &view[0][0]);
        // note: currently we set the projection matrix each frame, but since the projection matrix rarely changes it's often best practice to set it outside the main loop only once.
        texture_matrix_op_Shader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        
        // render box
        glBindVertexArray(texture_matrix_op_VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
        
        // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &texture_matrix_op_VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &texture_matrix_op_VBO);
    glfwTerminate(); // glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
    return 0;
}

// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
}

// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
    // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

2.2 关联头文件

@1 这里关键头文件 FileSystem文件内容为：

#ifndef FILESYSTEM_H
#define FILESYSTEM_H

#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "root_directory.h" // This is a configuration file generated by CMake.

class FileSystem
{
private:
  typedef std::string (*Builder) (const std::string& path);

public:
  static std::string getPath(const std::string& path)
  {
    static std::string(*pathBuilder)(std::string const &) = getPathBuilder();
    return (*pathBuilder)(path);
  }

private:
  static std::string const & getRoot()
  {
    static char const * envRoot = getenv("LOGL_ROOT_PATH");
    static char const * givenRoot = (envRoot != nullptr ? envRoot : logl_root);
    static std::string root = (givenRoot != nullptr ? givenRoot : "");
    return root;
  }

  //static std::string(*foo (std::string const &)) getPathBuilder()
  static Builder getPathBuilder()
  {
    if (getRoot() != "")
      return &FileSystem::getPathRelativeRoot;
    else
      return &FileSystem::getPathRelativeBinary;
  }

  static std::string getPathRelativeRoot(const std::string& path)
  {
    return getRoot() + std::string("/") + path;
  }

  static std::string getPathRelativeBinary(const std::string& path)
  {
    return "../../../" + path;
  }


};

// FILESYSTEM_H
#endif

@2 这里关键头文件 shader_m.h文件内容为：

#ifndef SHADER_H
#define SHADER_H

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>

class Shader
{
public:
    unsigned int ID;
    // constructor generates the shader on the fly
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Shader(const char* vertexPath, const char* fragmentPath)
    {
        // 1. retrieve the vertex/fragment source code from filePath
        std::string vertexCode;
        std::string fragmentCode;
        std::ifstream vShaderFile;
        std::ifstream fShaderFile;
        // ensure ifstream objects can throw exceptions:
        vShaderFile.exceptions (std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
        fShaderFile.exceptions (std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
        try 
        {
            // open files
            vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
            fShaderFile.open(fragmentPath);
            std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
            // read file's buffer contents into streams
            vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
            fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();		
            // close file handlers
            vShaderFile.close();
            fShaderFile.close();
            // convert stream into string
            vertexCode = vShaderStream.str();
            fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();			
        }
        catch (std::ifstream::failure e)
        {
            std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
        }
        const char* vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str();
        const char * fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str();
        // 2. compile shaders
        unsigned int vertex, fragment;
        int success;
        char infoLog[512];
        // vertex shader
        vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
        glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
        glCompileShader(vertex);
        checkCompileErrors(vertex, "VERTEX");
        // fragment Shader
        fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
        glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
        glCompileShader(fragment);
        checkCompileErrors(fragment, "FRAGMENT");
        // shader Program
        ID = glCreateProgram();
        glAttachShader(ID, vertex);
        glAttachShader(ID, fragment);
        glLinkProgram(ID);
        checkCompileErrors(ID, "PROGRAM");
        // delete the shaders as they're linked into our program now and no longer necessery
        glDeleteShader(vertex);
        glDeleteShader(fragment);

    }
    // activate the shader
    void use() const
    { 
        glUseProgram(ID); 
    }
    // utility uniform functions

    void setBool(const std::string &name, bool value) const
    {         
        glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), (int)value); 
    }

    void setInt(const std::string &name, int value) const
    { 
        glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value); 
    }

    void setFloat(const std::string &name, float value) const
    { 
        glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), value); 
    }

    void setVec2(const std::string &name, const glm::vec2 &value) const
    { 
        glUniform2fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]); 
    }
    void setVec2(const std::string &name, float x, float y) const
    { 
        glUniform2f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y); 
    }

    void setVec3(const std::string &name, const glm::vec3 &value) const
    { 
        glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]); 
    }
	
    void setVec3(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z) const
    { 
        glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y, z); 
    }
	
    void setVec4(const std::string &name, const glm::vec4 &value) const
    { 
        glUniform4fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, &value[0]); 
    }
	
    void setVec4(const std::string &name, float x, float y, float z, float w) const
    { 
        glUniform4f(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), x, y, z, w); 
    }
	
    void setMat2(const std::string &name, const glm::mat2 &mat) const
    {
        glUniformMatrix2fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
    }
	
    void setMat3(const std::string &name, const glm::mat3 &mat) const
    {
        glUniformMatrix3fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
    }
	
    void setMat4(const std::string &name, const glm::mat4 &mat) const
    {
        glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(ID, name.c_str()), 1, GL_FALSE, &mat[0][0]);
    }

private:
    // utility function for checking shader compilation/linking errors.
    void checkCompileErrors(GLuint shader, std::string type)
    {
        GLint success;
        GLchar infoLog[1024];
        if (type != "PROGRAM")
        {
            glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
            if (!success)
            {
                glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
                std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER_COMPILATION_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- -- " << std::endl;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            glGetProgramiv(shader, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
            if (!success)
            {
                glGetProgramInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
                std::cout << "ERROR::PROGRAM_LINKING_ERROR of type: " << type << "\n" << infoLog << "\n -- -- " << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
};
#endif

2.3 纹理代码

本章节涉及到的shader代码如下：

@1 texture.vs 顶点着色器代码

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoord;

out vec2 TexCoord;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

void main()
{
	gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0f);
	TexCoord = vec2(aTexCoord.x, aTexCoord.y);
}

@2 texture.fs 片段着色器代码

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

in vec2 TexCoord;

// texture samplers
uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;

void main()
{
	// linearly interpolate between both textures (80% container, 20% awesomeface)
	FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), 0.8);
}

---

该系列文章主要参考openGL官网 和学习 learnopenGL官网 进行知识体系的梳理和重构，重在形成自己对openGL知识的理解和知识体系。

• 参考相关链接总站：https://learnopengl-cn.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/
• 参考OpenGL官网：https://www.opengl.org/about/
• 同时也参考了网上其他内容知识 进而 进行整合。