[4] 语法课名词性从句3 & 强调句

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于 2023-07-17 08:42:45 首次发布

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文章讨论了语言中的同位语从句和定语从句的区别，提供了例句展示它们的用法。同时，文章还介绍了强调句型的不同形式，包括Itis/was...that结构，并给出了相应的句子练习。此外，提到了网络犯罪的严重性问题以及一个关于申请被取消的情景应用。

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① By the time the applicant makes up his mind, the offer______.(cancel)

will have been cancelled

② 许多⼈都不清楚⽹络犯罪有多严重。

Many people do not know how serious Internet crimes are.

③ Similar reasoning suggested that one could estimate total elapsed geologic time by dividing the average thickness of sediment transported annually to the oceans into the total thickness of sedimentary rock that had ever been deposited in the past.

表语→表语从句

1. I am a teacher.

2. One hypothesis that has received at least some investigation is that housing policies in Europe and Japan increase the costs of residential, and therefore job mobility.

同位语同位语的作⽤

Tina, a smart lady, is my sister. [ 解释主语 ]

I like Tina, a smart lady. [ 解释宾语 ]

She is my teacher Tina. [ ⽤单词解释表语 ]

This is Tina, a smart lady. [ 解释表语 ]

Traditional shrines of Shinto, the native religion of Japan, and many residential buildings continued to be built in the rottable, replaceable style that accommodated religious concerns and taboos, while city gates, major government buildings, and Buddhist temples were built in the continental fashion that met the need for permanence and grandeur.

同位语从句对抽象名词的解释，如 the news, fact, suggestion, idea 等 (同位语从句阅读不用读)

The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leader

[ 练习 ]

1. 区分同位语从句与定语从句

The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 同位语

The news that he told me yesterday is true. 定语

2. 造句练习

同位语从句的先⾏词多为抽象名词，

如 fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark 等，关联词多⽤从属连词。

① 对于你⽣病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

They were worried over the fact that you were sick.

② 德国已对俄国宣战的消息⼀⼤早就传来了。

Early in the day came the news that Germany had devlared war on Russia.

③ 我不知道他是否来。

I have no idea whether he'll come or not.

④ 谁该⼲这项⼯作，这个问题需要考虑。选择类问题用question

The question who should do the work requires considerations.

⑤ 到哪⾥去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

[ 结构强调 ]

It is (was) + 状语 + that + 句⼦

① 我是去年夏天从那所⼤学毕业的。（时间状语）

It was last summer that I graduated from the university.

② 重要的是你的⾏动。（主语从句）

It is what you will do that is essential

It is (was) + 代词 (名词，形容词) + that (who, whom, which, whose) + 句⼦

① 给我寄信的是吴教授。（主语）

It is Professor Wu that (/who) sent me the letter.

② 被邀请给我们作报告的是詹姆⼠博⼠。（宾语）

It was Doctor James that (/whom) we invited to give us a lecture.

③ 我们选择她做委员会的主席。（宾补）

It was chairman of committee that we elected her.

特殊情况

① 差异

I suppose it is I who am responsible.

I suppose it is me who is responsible.

I suppose it is he (/she) who is responsible.

I suppose it is we (/they) who are responsible.

It is him whom you met at the station.

That is he whom you met at the station.

② 不可以进⾏强调的三类句⼦成分：表语，谓语动词和 though, although, whereas等引导的让步状语从句或对⽐状语从句。

The picture is wonderful.

It is wonderful the picture is. ×

句尾的强调

Team A will, in all probability, win the match.

倒装结构和句⾸的强调倒装结构和句⾸位置可以强调表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语等。

Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace.

“ 特殊疑问词 + is (was) + it + that +句⼦ ” 结构的强调

如果强调的是特殊疑问句，要⽤ “特殊疑问词+is (was)+it+that+句⼦”结构，that有时可省，表⽰“究竟在哪⾥……，到底是谁……”等。

Where was it (that) you saw the man?

造句练习哪里用where 谁用who 怎么区分How

① 你到底想让我说什么呢？

What is it you want me to say ?

② 你的答案和他的到底有什么区别呢？怎么'p0;/区分

How is it your answer differs from his?

课堂练习及作业