行为经济学_为什么所有数据科学家都应该了解行为经济学

行为经济学

In 1975 Herbert A. Simon was awarded the Turing Award by the Association for Computing Machinery. This award, given to “an individual selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community” is considered to be the Nobel Prize for computing.

1975年，司马贺被授予图灵奖由美国计算机协会。 该奖项授予“因对计算机界做出技术性贡献而被选中的个人”，被视为诺贝尔计算机奖。

Simon and co-recipient Allen Newell made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing.

西蒙(Simon)和共同接受者艾伦·纽厄尔(Allen Newell)对人工智能，人类认知心理学和列表处理做出了基本贡献。

It is interesting to note that amongst his contributions to artificial intelligence and list processing, he is also being recognised for his contribution to human cognition. At first glance, one would think that understanding how humans think is about as far from computer science as you can get!

有趣的是，在他对人工智能和列表处理的贡献中，他还因其对人类认知的贡献而受到认可。 乍一看，人们会认为了解人类的想法与您所能获得的计算机科学相距甚远！

However, there are two key arguments that explain why human cognition is important for any advancements in computer science, and especially AI.

但是，有两个关键的论点可以解释为什么人类认知对于计算机科学特别是AI的任何进步都很重要。

模仿人类 (Imitating Humans)

In his 1950 seminal paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” Alan Turing introduced what became known as the Turing test. A computer and a human have a written dialogue and in this “imitation game” the computer tries to fool the human participant into thinking it is also a human by devising responses that it thinks a human would make.

艾伦·图灵(Alan Turing)在其1950年的开创性论文 “计算机与智能计算”中介绍了后来被称为图灵测试的方法。 一台计算机和一个人进行书面对话，并且在此“模仿游戏”中，计算机试图通过设计认为一个人会做出的回应来欺骗该参与者以为它也是一个人。

One of the key aims of AI is to train computers to make decisions like humans, whether labelling pictures or responding to questions. Even if the aim is task-specific, not centred around replicating humans in their entirety, it is crucial that developers of AI have some understanding of human cognition, so that they can replicate it.

人工智能的主要目标之一是训练计算机做出像人一样的决策，无论是贴标签还是回答问题。 即使目标是针对特定任务的，而不是围绕整个人类的复制，至关重要的是，AI开发人员必须对人类认知有所了解，以便他们可以复制人类。

人际交往 (Human Interaction)

One of the many modern applications of AI, specifically machine learning, is in human-facing interaction. Whether recommending products to drive sales or auto-completing sentences in emails machine learning models are trained to understand what users want. However, the methods, data and metrics used to develop these models need to be provided with an understanding of how the model output will interact with the human users.

AI的许多现代应用之一，特别是机器学习，是面向人的交互。 无论是推荐产品以促进销售，还是在电子邮件中自动完成句子，机器学习模型都经过训练以了解用户的需求。 但是，需要提供用于开发这些模型的方法，数据和度量，并应了解模型输出将如何与人类用户交互。

Photo by Cytonn Photography on Unsplash

Cytonn Photography在 Unsplash上 拍摄的照片

In this article, we’ll focus on the interaction between humans and computer models, understanding how behavioral economics can be used to help data scientists develop and train more effective machine learning models.

在本文中，我们将专注于人与计算机模型之间的交互，了解如何使用行为经济学来帮助数据科学家开发和训练更有效的机器学习模型。

什么是行为经济学？ (What is behavioral economics?)

Classical economics is based on the assumption that all individuals behave rationally, i.e. they will make the decision with the greatest personal utility (benefit).

古典经济学是基于所有个人理性行事的假设，即他们将以最大的个人效用(收益)做出决定。

However, modern economists began to realize that humans often behave irrationally. Not only that, but they are predictably irrational, behaving in the same irrational way every time they make similar decisions. Behavioral economics is the study of these predictably irrational decisions, known as cognitive biases.

但是，现代经济学家开始意识到人类的行为常常不合理。 不仅如此&#x