Rendering Equation
L
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∫
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L
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G
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V
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d
A
L(X',\omega ') = E(x', \omega ') + \int \rho_{x'}(\omega, \omega ')L(x, \omega)G(x,x')V(x,x')dA
L(X′,ω′)=E(x′,ω′)+∫ρx′(ω,ω′)L(x,ω)G(x,x′)V(x,x′)dA
L
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X
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ω
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L(X',\omega ')
L(X′,ω′) : radiance from
X
′
X'
X′ in direction
ω
′
\omega'
ω′
E
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ω
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E(x', \omega ')
E(x′,ω′) : emitted radiance 为发光体的时候发射的辐射
∫
ρ
x
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L
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G
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d
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\int \rho_{x'}(\omega, \omega ')L(x, \omega)G(x,x')V(x,x')dA
∫ρx′(ω,ω′)L(x,ω)G(x,x′)V(x,x′)dA: sum over the contribution, from all other surface elements in the scene
L
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x
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ω
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L(x, \omega)
L(x,ω): radiance at x in direction
ω
\omega
ω 为入射方向为
ω
\omega
ω ,照射到点 x’上入射光强, 从x出发
ρ
x
′
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ω
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ω
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\rho_{x'}(\omega, \omega ')
ρx′(ω,ω′)入射光线方向
ω
\omega
ω,照射到点 x上,然后从
ω
′
\omega'
ω′方向反射出去的 BRDF 值
G
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G(x,x')
G(x,x′): 从x发出的辐射的一部分到达x’仅基于几何关系
V
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x
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V(x,x')
V(x,x′): 1 在
ω
\omega
ω方向上无障碍,0 其他情况
- radiosity assumptions
lambert reflectors => perfectly diffuse => equal in all direction => no dependence on direction
B i B_i Bi radiosity leaving surface element i
radiosity on each surface element is constant
B x ′ = E x ′ + ρ x ′ ∫ B x G ( x , x ′ ) V ( x , x ′ ) B_{x'} = E_{x'} + \rho_{x'} \int B_x G(x,x')V(x,x') Bx′=Ex′+ρx′∫BxG(x,x′)V(x,x′) - continuous radiosity equation
no analytical solution
B x ′ = E x ′ + ρ x ′ ∫ G ( x , x ′ ) V ( x , x ′ ) B x B_{x'} = E_{x'} + \rho_{x'} \int G(x,x')V(x,x') B_x Bx′=Ex′+ρx′∫G(x,x′)V(x,x′)Bx - discrete
B i = E i + ρ i ∑ j = 1 n F i j B x B_{i} = E_{i} + \rho_{i} \sum_{j = 1}^{n} F_{ij}B_x Bi=Ei+ρi∑j=1nFijBx
Radiosity Matrix
From Factors
depends on:
- geometry(areas, orientations, positions)
- visibility(i.e. other elements in the scene)
algorithm
- hemisphere
- hemicube
Progressive Refinement
instead of “gathering” => “shooting”
solution of the radiosity equation
minimization of R using the Galerkin approach