OpenGL光照篇--颜色--9

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-26 19:49:27 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-04-26 19:49:27 发布

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分类专栏： OpenGL学习笔记文章标签： opengl

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41155760/article/details/116534678

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该博客介绍了一个使用OpenGL进行光照和纹理映射的实例。通过创建一个光照场景，展示物体反射颜色的原理，并利用Shader、Camera类以及GLFW库来处理用户输入和窗口事件。代码中加载了两个纹理并应用到立方体表面，同时设置了光源位置，展示了光照效果对物体颜色的影响。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

参考：这里

我们在现实生活中看到某一物体的颜色并不是这个物体真正拥有的颜色，而是它所反射的(Reflected)颜色。换句话说，那些不能被物体所吸收(Absorb)的颜色（被拒绝的颜色）就是我们能够感知到的物体的颜色。

这一章节主要为了创建一个光照场景，在光照位置画一个物体表示出光照位置。
代码主要还是以前的代码，复习作用。


#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <stb_image.h>

#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

#include <learnopengl/Shader.h>
#include <learnopengl/Camera.h>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double x, double y);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);

const int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2, lastY = SCR_WIDTH / 2;
bool firstMouse = true;

float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

glm::vec3 lightPos = glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);

int main()
{
	//Init
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

#ifdef __APPLE__
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif

	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "hahaha", NULL, NULL);
	if (window == NULL)
	{
		cout << "Failed to create GLFW window !" << endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
	glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
	glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

	if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
	{
		cout << "Failed to init GLAD !" << endl;
	}

	//configure
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

	//隐藏光标
	glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

	//build and compile shader
	Shader cubeShader("Shaders/Learn9_Cube.vs", "Shaders/Learn9_Cube.fs");
	Shader lightShader("Shaders/Learn9_Light.vs", "Shaders/Learn9_Light.fs");

	//set vertex data
	float vertices[] = {
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,

	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	 0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f,
	-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f
	};

	//set buffer
	//create cube
	unsigned int VBO, VAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

	//bind
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	//set data
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	//set pointer:position
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

	//create light
	unsigned int lightVAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO);
	glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
	//再次绑定VBO,不需要设置VBO，上面已经设置了，只需要绑定即可
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	//设置灯的立方体顶点属性（对灯来说只有顶点数据）,顶点数据里还有uv,但未用，步长还是5
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);


	//load texture
	//create
	unsigned int texture1, texture2;
	//texture1
	glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
	//bind
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
	//set wrap para
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	//set filtering para
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

	//load image
	int width, height, channels;

	//反转图片Y轴
	stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);

	unsigned char* data = stbi_load("Images/container.jpg", &width, &height, &channels, 0);
	if (data)
	{
		//set data
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
		//generate minimap
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "Failed to load texture !" << endl;
	}
	//释放图片内存
	stbi_image_free(data);

	//texture2
	glGenTextures(1, &texture2);
	//bind
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
	//set wrap para
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	//set filtering para
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

	data = stbi_load("Images/awesomeface.png", &width, &height, &channels, 0);
	if (data)
	{
		//set data
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
		//generate minimap
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "Failed to load texture2 !" << endl;
	}
	//释放图片内存
	stbi_image_free(data);

	//set shader uniform value
	cubeShader.use();//设置uniform值之前要先激活shader
	cubeShader.setInt("texture1", 0);
	cubeShader.setInt("texture2", 1);

	lightShader.use();
	lightShader.setVec3("lightColor", glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
	lightShader.setVec3("objectColor", glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));

	//render loop
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
		deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
		lastFrame = currentFrame;

		//input
		processInput(window);

		//render
		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

		//bind texture on corresponding textue units
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);

		//active shader
		cubeShader.use();

		//create matrix transformations;
		glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		glm::mat4 projection = glm::mat4(1.0f);

		view = camera.GetViewMatrix();

		projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
		//set matrix
		cubeShader.setMat4("model", model);
		cubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
		cubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);

		//render boxes
		//bind data
		glBindVertexArray(VAO);

		model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		float angle = 20.0f;
		model = glm::rotate(model, (float)glfwGetTime() * glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
		cubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

		//draw
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

		//光位置立方体
		lightShader.use();
		model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
		model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
		model = glm::scale(model,glm::vec3(0.5f));
		lightShader.setMat4("model", model);
		lightShader.setMat4("view", view);
		lightShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
		glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);


		//swap buffer
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
		//call event
		glfwPollEvents();
	}

	//optional:de-allocate all resurces once they've outlived their pupose
	glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
	cubeShader.deleteShader();

	//terminate clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources
	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
	glViewport(0, 0, SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT);
}

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
	{
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	}

	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
		camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
}



void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double x, double y)
{
	if (firstMouse)
	{
		lastX = x;
		lastY = y;
		firstMouse = false;
	}

	float xoffset = x - lastX;
	float yoffset = lastY - y;

	lastX = x;
	lastY = y;

	camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}



void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
	camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}