linux高性能编程第十二章（高性能框架libevent）

使用reactor的模式，reactor包括reactor、句柄集、多路事件分发器、事件处理器和具体事件处理器

event_base，相当于reactor，有注册事件、取消事件、注册句柄的功能 

多路事件分发器是一个I/O复用模型

事件处理器是处理事件的虚函数接口，具体事件处理器是这些虚函数的具体实现，不过在libevent中处理器为大量的回调函数

一个简单的hello word的程序：
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#ifndef _WIN32
#include <netinet/in.h>
# ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
#  include <arpa/inet.h>
# endif
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif

#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <event2/buffer.h>
#include <event2/listener.h>
#include <event2/util.h>
#include <event2/event.h>

static const char MESSAGE[] = "Hello, World!\n";

static const int PORT = 9995;

static void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *, evutil_socket_t,
    struct sockaddr *, int socklen, void *);
static void conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *, void *);
static void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *, short, void *);
static void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t, short, void *);

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct event_base *base;
    struct evconnlistener *listener;
    struct event *signal_event;

    struct sockaddr_in sin;
#ifdef _WIN32
    WSADATA wsa_data;
    WSAStartup(0x0201, &wsa_data);
#endif

    base = event_base_new();
    if (!base) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize libevent!\n");
        return 1;
    }

    memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, (void *)base,
        LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, -1,
        (struct sockaddr*)&sin,
        sizeof(sin));

    if (!listener) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create a listener!\n");
        return 1;
    }

    signal_event = evsignal_new(base, SIGINT, signal_cb, (void *)base);

    if (!signal_event || event_add(signal_event, NULL)<0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create/add a signal event!\n");
        return 1;
    }

    event_base_dispatch(base);

    evconnlistener_free(listener);
    event_free(signal_event);
    event_base_free(base);

    printf("done\n");
    return 0;
}

static void
listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,
    struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data)
{
    struct event_base *base = user_data;
    struct bufferevent *bev;

    bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
    if (!bev) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!");
        event_base_loopbreak(base);
        return;
    }
    bufferevent_setcb(bev, NULL, conn_writecb, conn_eventcb, NULL);
    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_WRITE);
    bufferevent_disable(bev, EV_READ);

    bufferevent_write(bev, MESSAGE, strlen(MESSAGE));
}

static void
conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data)
{
    struct evbuffer *output = bufferevent_get_output(bev);
    if (evbuffer_get_length(output) == 0) {
        printf("flushed answer\n");
        bufferevent_free(bev);
    }
}

static void
conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data)
{
    if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF) {
        printf("Connection closed.\n");
    } else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) {
        printf("Got an error on the connection: %s\n",
            strerror(errno));/*XXX win32*/
    }
    /* None of the other events can happen here, since we haven't enabled
     * timeouts */
    bufferevent_free(bev);
}

static void
signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data)
{
    struct event_base *base = user_data;
    struct timeval delay = { 2, 0 };

    printf("Caught an interrupt signal; exiting cleanly in two seconds.\n");

    event_base_loopexit(base, &delay);
}

更深层次的libevent的实现代码待更新：