tensorflow实战（一）——MNIST数据集的hello world

描述

这一系列文章全部参考黄文坚 的《tensorflow实战》第三章

学习

• 交叉熵

  cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(y), reduction_indices=[1]))
  

  reduction_indices=[0]的意思是，按行求和（列数不变，行全部加在一起）
  reduction_indices=[1]的意思是，按列求和（行数不变，列全部加在一起）

• 输入测试数据，写法1和2等价

  # 写法1
  print(accuracy.eval({x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels})) 
  # 写法2
  print(sess.run(accuracy, {x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels}))
  

tensorflow的常见函数操作

• 转换参数类型：tf.cast
• 零向量：tf.zeros
• 变量：tf.Variable
• 矩阵乘法：tf.matmul
• 每一列的最大值在哪一行：tf.argmax(某数组,0)
• 每一行的最大值在哪一列：tf.argmax(某数组,1)

网络常见函数操作

• 求和： tf.reduce_sum
• 求平均：tf.reduce_mean
• 是否相等：tf.equal
• 输入数据：tf.placeholder
• softmax：tf.nn.softmax

代码

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data/", one_hot=True)

print(mnist.train.images.shape, mnist.train.labels.shape)
print(mnist.test.images.shape, mnist.test.labels.shape)
print(mnist.validation.images.shape, mnist.validation.labels.shape)

import tensorflow as tf
sess = tf.InteractiveSession()
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])

W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))

y = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(x, W) + b)

y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y_ * tf.log(y), reduction_indices=[1]))

train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5).minimize(cross_entropy)

tf.global_variables_initializer().run()

for i in range(1000):
    batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(100)
    train_step.run({x: batch_xs, y_: batch_ys})

correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))

accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))

print(accuracy.eval({x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels}))