定义1:傅里叶变换定义式
(1) F ( ω ) = ∫ − ∞ + ∞ f ( t ) e − j ω t d t F(\omega) = \int^{+\infty}_{-\infty} f(t) e^{-j\omega t} dt \tag{1} F(ω)=∫−∞+∞f(t)e−jωtdt(1)
定义2:傅里叶级数
对于再
[
−
T
/
2
,
T
/
2
]
[-T/2,T/2]
[−T/2,T/2]上,周期为
T
T
T的函数
f
T
(
t
)
f_{T}(t)
fT(t),有
(2)
f
T
(
t
)
∼
a
0
2
+
∑
n
=
1
+
∞
[
a
n
c
o
s
(
n
ω
t
)
+
b
n
s
i
n
(
n
ω
t
)
]
f_{T}(t) \sim \frac{a_0}{2}+\sum^{+\infty}_{n=1}[a_ncos(n\omega t)+b_nsin(n\omega t)] \tag{2}
fT(t)∼2a0+n=1∑+∞[ancos(nωt)+bnsin(nωt)](2)
其中
ω
=
2
π
/
T
\omega=2\pi/T
ω=2π/T
a
n
=
2
T
∫
−
T
/
2
T
/
2
f
T
(
t
)
c
o
s
(
n
ω
t
)
d
t
a_n = \frac{2}{T}\int_{-T/2}^{T/2}f_{T}(t)cos(n\omega t)dt
an=T2∫−T/2T/2fT(t)cos(nωt)dt
b
n
=
2
T
∫
−
T
/
2
T
/
2
f
T
(
t
)
s
i
n
(
n
ω
t
)
d
t
b_n = \frac{2}{T}\int_{-T/2}^{T/2}f_{T}(t)sin(n\omega t)dt
bn=T2∫−T/2T/2fT(t)sin(nωt)dt
显然,
a
0
=
2
T
∫
−
T
/
2
T
/
2
f
T
(
t
)
d
t
a_0=\frac{2}{T}\int_{-T/2}^{T/2}f_{T}(t)dt
a0=T2∫−T/2T/2fT(t)dt
这些东西都是怎么来的呢? 下面我们分解一下
引用:https://blog.csdn.net/constantin_ouc/article/details/78881709
1.前提: 我们基于一个认识,即函数
f
(
t
)
f(t)
f(t)可以分解为若干个余弦函数的加权和的形式。即,
(1.1)
f
(
t
)
=
A
0
c
o
s
(
k
0
t
+
ψ
0
)
+
A
1
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
+
ψ
1
)
+
⋯
+
A
n
c
o
s
(
k
n
t
+
ψ
n
)
f(t) = A_0cos(k_0t+\psi_0)+A_1cos(k_1t+\psi_1)+\dots +A_ncos(k_nt+\psi_n) \tag{1.1}
f(t)=A0cos(k0t+ψ0)+A1cos(k1t+ψ1)+⋯+Ancos(knt+ψn)(1.1)
其中,
A
i
A_i
Ai为余弦波的振幅,
ψ
i
\psi_i
ψi为对应余弦分量
A
1
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
+
ψ
1
)
A_1cos(k_1t+\psi_1)
A1cos(k1t+ψ1)的相位角,
i
=
0
,
1
,
…
i=0,1,\dots
i=0,1,…
那么,对于数轴
t
t
t上不同的值,
t
1
,
t
2
,
…
,
t
m
t_1,t_2,\dots,t_m
t1,t2,…,tm有
(1.2)
{
f
(
t
1
)
=
A
0
c
o
s
(
k
0
t
1
+
ψ
0
)
+
A
1
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
1
+
ψ
1
)
+
⋯
+
A
n
c
o
s
(
k
n
t
1
+
ψ
n
)
f
(
t
2
)
=
A
0
c
o
s
(
k
0
t
2
+
ψ
0
)
+
A
1
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
2
+
ψ
1
)
+
⋯
+
A
n
c
o
s
(
k
n
t
2
+
ψ
n
)
…
f
(
t
m
)
=
A
0
c
o
s
(
k
0
t
m
+
ψ
0
)
+
A
1
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
m
+
ψ
1
)
+
⋯
+
A
n
c
o
s
(
k
n
t
m
+
ψ
n
)
\begin{cases} f(t_1) = A_0cos(k_0t_1+\psi_0)+A_1cos(k_1t_1+\psi_1)+\dots +A_ncos(k_nt_1+\psi_n) \\ f(t_2) = A_0cos(k_0t_2+\psi_0)+A_1cos(k_1t_2+\psi_1)+\dots +A_ncos(k_nt_2 +\psi_n) \\ \dots \\ f(t_m) = A_0cos(k_0t_m+\psi_0)+A_1cos(k_1t_m+\psi_1)+\dots +A_ncos(k_nt_m +\psi_n) \tag{1.2} \end{cases}
⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎧f(t1)=A0cos(k0t1+ψ0)+A1cos(k1t1+ψ1)+⋯+Ancos(knt1+ψn)f(t2)=A0cos(k0t2+ψ0)+A1cos(k1t2+ψ1)+⋯+Ancos(knt2+ψn)…f(tm)=A0cos(k0tm+ψ0)+A1cos(k1tm+ψ1)+⋯+Ancos(kntm+ψn)(1.2)
令
A
=
[
c
o
s
(
k
0
t
1
+
ψ
0
)
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
1
+
ψ
1
)
…
c
o
s
(
k
n
t
1
+
ψ
n
)
c
o
s
(
k
0
t
2
+
ψ
0
)
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
2
+
ψ
1
)
…
c
o
s
(
k
n
t
1
+
ψ
n
)
…
…
…
…
c
o
s
(
k
0
t
m
+
ψ
0
)
c
o
s
(
k
1
t
m
+
ψ
1
)
…
c
o
s
(
k
n
t
m
+
ψ
n
)
]
A = \begin{bmatrix} cos(k_0t_1+\psi_0) && cos(k_1t_1+\psi_1)&&\dots &&cos(k_nt_1+\psi_n) \\ cos(k_0t_2+\psi_0) && cos(k_1t_2+\psi_1)&&\dots &&cos(k_nt_1+\psi_n) \\ \dots && \dots && \dots&& \dots\\ cos(k_0t_m+\psi_0) && cos(k_1t_m+\psi_1)&&\dots &&cos(k_nt_m+\psi_n) \end{bmatrix}
A=⎣⎢⎢⎡cos(k0t1+ψ0)cos(k0t2+ψ0)…cos(k0tm+ψ0)cos(k1t1+ψ1)cos(k1t2+ψ1)…cos(k1tm+ψ1)…………cos(knt1+ψn)cos(knt1+ψn)…cos(kntm+ψn)⎦⎥⎥⎤,
X
=
[
a
0
a
1
…
a
n
]
T
X = \begin{bmatrix} a_0 && a_1 &&\dots && a_n \end{bmatrix}^{\rm{T}}
X=[a0a1…an]T,
B
=
[
f
(
t
1
)
f
(
t
2
)
…
f
(
t
m
)
]
T
B = \begin{bmatrix} f(t_1) && f(t_2) &&\dots && f(t_m) \end{bmatrix}^{\rm{T}}
B=[f(t1)f(t2)…f(tm)]T
得到
B
=
A
X
B=AX
B=AX
即
X
=
A
−
1
B
X=A^{-1}B
X=A−1B可以得到系数向量
X
X
X。
在(1.1)中, f ( t ) = A 0 c o s ( k 0 t + ψ 0 ) + A 1 c o s ( k 1 t + ψ 1 ) + ⋯ + A n c o s ( k n t + ψ n ) f(t) = A_0cos(k_0t+\psi_0)+A_1cos(k_1t+\psi_1)+\dots +A_ncos(k_nt+\psi_n) f(t)=A0cos(k0t+ψ0)+A1cos(k1t+ψ1)+⋯+Ancos(knt+ψn)的角频率 { k i } \{k_i\} {ki}为随意选取的值。显然,不同的角频率 { k i } \{k_i\} {ki}可以得到不同的余弦分量系数 { a i } \{a_i\} {ai}。
为了便于处理,我们规定角频率 { k i } \{k_i\} {ki}的选取。令 k i = i , ( i = 0 , 1 , …   ) k_i=i,(i=0,1,\dots ) ki=i,(i=0,1,…)
我们看到
f
(
t
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
A
i
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
+
ψ
i
)
f(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{n} A_icos(k_it+\psi_i)
f(t)=∑i=0nAicos(kit+ψi)中,相位角
ψ
i
\psi_i
ψi 太讨厌了! 不利于分析!我们把相位角处理掉!
f
(
t
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
A
i
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
+
ψ
i
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
A
i
(
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
c
o
s
(
ψ
i
)
−
s
i
n
(
k
i
t
)
s
i
n
(
ψ
i
)
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
A
i
c
o
s
(
ψ
i
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
−
A
i
s
i
n
(
ψ
i
)
s
i
n
(
k
i
t
)
f(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{n} A_icos(k_it+\psi_i)\\ =\sum_{i=0}^{n}A_i(cos(k_it)cos(\psi_i)-sin(k_it)sin(\psi_i))\\ =\sum_{i=0}^{n}A_icos(\psi_i)cos(k_it)-A_isin(\psi_i)sin(k_it)
f(t)=i=0∑nAicos(kit+ψi)=i=0∑nAi(cos(kit)cos(ψi)−sin(kit)sin(ψi))=i=0∑nAicos(ψi)cos(kit)−Aisin(ψi)sin(kit)
令
a
i
=
−
A
i
s
i
n
(
ψ
i
)
,
b
i
=
A
i
c
o
s
(
ψ
i
)
a_i =- A_isin(\psi_i),b_i = A_icos(\psi_i)
ai=−Aisin(ψi),bi=Aicos(ψi),则上式有
(1.3)
f
(
t
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
[
a
i
s
i
n
(
k
i
t
)
+
b
i
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
f(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}[a_isin(k_it)+b_icos(k_it)] \tag{1.3}
f(t)=i=0∑n[aisin(kit)+bicos(kit)](1.3)
以上为傅里叶级数的展开形式。
\\ \\
这样做有什么好处呢?
答:
好处1(周期性):对于(1.3)中
f
(
t
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
[
a
i
s
i
n
(
k
i
t
)
+
b
i
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
f(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}[a_isin(k_it)+b_icos(k_it)]
f(t)=∑i=0n[aisin(kit)+bicos(kit)]而言,记
T
i
T_i
Ti为期周期,则
T
i
=
2
π
k
i
T_i = \frac{2\pi}{k_i}
Ti=ki2π
由于
k
i
=
i
,
(
i
=
0
,
1
,
…
 
)
k_i=i,(i=0,1,\dots )
ki=i,(i=0,1,…),使得
{
T
i
}
\{T_i\}
{Ti}有公共的周期
T
=
2
π
T= 2\pi
T=2π,这使得
f
(
t
)
f(t)
f(t)成为周期为
2
π
2\pi
2π的函数。
好处2:正弦函数、余弦函数在一个周期内的积分等于0
(1.4)
∫
−
T
2
T
2
a
i
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
=
∫
0
T
a
i
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
=
0
\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}} a_icos(k_it) dt =\int_{0}^{T} a_icos(k_it) dt= 0 \tag{1.4}
∫−2T2Taicos(kit)dt=∫0Taicos(kit)dt=0(1.4)
\\
好处说完了,但是(1.3)中
f
(
t
)
=
∑
i
=
0
n
[
a
i
s
i
n
(
k
i
t
)
+
b
i
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
f(t)=\sum_{i=0}^{n}[a_isin(k_it)+b_icos(k_it)]
f(t)=∑i=0n[aisin(kit)+bicos(kit)]中的系数
a
i
,
b
i
a_i,b_i
ai,bi怎么求呢?
鉴于
f
(
t
)
f(t)
f(t)有周期
T
=
2
π
T=2\pi
T=2π,我们设计一个积分形式
(1.5)
∫
−
π
π
f
(
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
=
∫
−
π
π
∑
j
=
0
n
[
a
j
s
i
n
(
k
j
t
)
+
b
j
c
o
s
(
k
j
t
)
]
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
=
∫
−
π
π
∑
j
=
0
n
[
a
j
s
i
n
(
k
j
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
+
b
j
c
o
s
(
k
j
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
d
t
=
∫
−
π
π
{
b
0
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
+
∑
j
=
1
n
[
a
j
s
i
n
(
k
j
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
+
b
j
c
o
s
(
k
j
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
}
d
t
=
2
π
b
0
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
+
∫
−
π
π
∑
j
=
1
n
[
a
j
s
i
n
(
k
j
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
d
t
+
∫
−
π
π
∑
j
=
1
n
[
b
j
c
o
s
(
k
j
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
d
t
\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(t)cos(k_it)dt=\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\sum_{j=0}^{n}[a_jsin(k_jt)+b_jcos(k_jt)]cos(k_it)dt\\ =\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\sum_{j=0}^{n}[a_jsin(k_jt)cos(k_it)+b_jcos(k_jt)cos(k_it)]dt\\ =\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \{b_0cos(k_it)+\sum_{j=1}^{n}[a_jsin(k_jt)cos(k_it)+b_jcos(k_jt)cos(k_it)]\}dt\\ =2\pi b_0cos(k_it)+\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\sum_{j=1}^{n}[a_jsin(k_jt)cos(k_it)]dt+\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\sum_{j=1}^{n}[b_jcos(k_jt)cos(k_it)]dt \tag{1.5}\\
∫−ππf(t)cos(kit)dt=∫−ππj=0∑n[ajsin(kjt)+bjcos(kjt)]cos(kit)dt=∫−ππj=0∑n[ajsin(kjt)cos(kit)+bjcos(kjt)cos(kit)]dt=∫−ππ{b0cos(kit)+j=1∑n[ajsin(kjt)cos(kit)+bjcos(kjt)cos(kit)]}dt=2πb0cos(kit)+∫−ππj=1∑n[ajsin(kjt)cos(kit)]dt+∫−ππj=1∑n[bjcos(kjt)cos(kit)]dt(1.5)
上式中第一项,正、余弦函数在一个周期内的积分为0,故第一项为0;第二项为奇函数积分,为0;第三项,根据三角函数的正交性,当
k
j
≠
k
i
k_j\neq k_i
kj̸=ki时,为0;仅当
k
j
=
k
i
k_j=k_i
kj=ki时不为0。
故,第三项为
(1.6)
∫
−
π
π
∑
j
=
1
n
[
b
j
c
o
s
(
k
j
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
]
d
t
=
∫
−
π
π
[
b
i
c
o
s
2
(
k
i
t
)
]
d
t
=
b
i
2
∫
−
π
π
(
1
−
c
o
s
(
2
k
i
t
)
)
d
t
(
半
角
公
式
)
=
π
b
i
−
0
=
π
b
i
\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\sum_{j=1}^{n}[b_jcos(k_jt)cos(k_it)]dt\\ =\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}[b_icos^2(k_it)]dt\\ =\frac{b_i}{2}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}(1-cos(2k_it))dt (半角公式)\\ =\pi b_i-0 = \pi b_i \tag{1.6}
∫−ππj=1∑n[bjcos(kjt)cos(kit)]dt=∫−ππ[bicos2(kit)]dt=2bi∫−ππ(1−cos(2kit))dt(半角公式)=πbi−0=πbi(1.6)
结合(1.5)、(1.6),
∫
−
π
π
f
(
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
=
π
b
i
\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(t)cos(k_it)dt=\pi b_i
∫−ππf(t)cos(kit)dt=πbi,可得
(1.7)
b
i
=
1
π
∫
−
π
π
f
(
t
)
c
o
s
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
b_i = \frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(t)cos(k_it)dt \tag{1.7}
bi=π1∫−ππf(t)cos(kit)dt(1.7)
同理,与(1.5)一致,取
∫
−
π
π
f
(
t
)
s
i
n
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(t)sin(k_it)dt
∫−ππf(t)sin(kit)dt,可得
(1.8)
a
i
=
1
π
∫
−
π
π
f
(
t
)
s
i
n
(
k
i
t
)
d
t
a_i = \frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(t)sin(k_it)dt \tag{1.8}
ai=π1∫−ππf(t)sin(kit)dt(1.8)
以上就是傅里叶级数的由来
下面我们要推出傅里叶变换。
傅 里 叶 级 数 ⟶ e i x = c o s x + i s i n x 傅 里 叶 变 换 傅里叶级数 \stackrel{e^{ix}=cosx + isinx}{\longrightarrow} 傅里叶变换 傅里叶级数⟶eix=cosx+isinx傅里叶变换
设
j
2
=
−
1
j^2=-1
j2=−1。
有
(1.9)
c
o
s
θ
=
e
j
θ
+
e
−
j
θ
2
s
i
n
θ
=
e
j
θ
−
e
−
j
θ
2
=
−
j
e
j
θ
−
e
−
j
θ
2
cos\theta = \frac{e^{j\theta}+e^{-j\theta}}{2} \\ sin\theta = \frac{e^{j\theta}-e^{-j\theta}}{2}=-j\frac{e^{j\theta}-e^{-j\theta}}{2} \tag{1.9}
cosθ=2ejθ+e−jθsinθ=2ejθ−e−jθ=−j2ejθ−e−jθ(1.9)
(1.3)写成
f
T
(
x
)
=
a
0
2
+
∑
n
=
1
∞
(
a
n
s
i
n
n
ω
x
+
b
n
c
o
s
n
ω
x
)
=
a
0
2
+
∑
n
=
1
∞
(
−
j
a
n
e
j
n
ω
x
−
e
−
j
n
ω
x
2
+
b
n
e
j
n
ω
x
+
e
−
j
n
ω
x
2
)
=
a
0
2
+
∑
n
=
1
∞
(
b
n
−
j
a
n
2
e
j
n
ω
x
+
b
n
−
j
a
n
2
e
−
j
n
ω
x
)
f_T(x) = \frac{a_0}{2}+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(a_nsinn\omega x+b_ncosn\omega x) \\ = \frac{a_0}{2}+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}( -ja_n\frac{e^{jn\omega x}-e^{-jn\omega x}}{2} +b_n \frac{e^{jn\omega x}+e^{-jn\omega x}}{2} )\\ = \frac{a_0}{2}+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}( \frac{b_n-ja_n}{2} {e^{jn\omega x}}+ \frac{b_n-ja_n}{2} {e^{-jn\omega x}} )\\
fT(x)=2a0+n=1∑∞(ansinnωx+bncosnωx)=2a0+n=1∑∞(−jan2ejnωx−e−jnωx+bn2ejnωx+e−jnωx)=2a0+n=1∑∞(2bn−janejnωx+2bn−jane−jnωx)
令
c
0
=
a
0
2
=
1
T
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
d
x
c_0 = \frac{a_0}{2} = \frac{1}{T}\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x)dx
c0=2a0=T1∫−2T2TfT(x)dx
c
n
=
a
n
−
j
b
n
2
=
1
T
[
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
c
o
s
n
ω
x
d
x
−
j
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
s
i
n
n
ω
x
d
x
]
=
1
T
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
(
c
o
s
n
ω
x
−
j
s
i
n
n
ω
x
)
d
x
=
1
T
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
e
−
j
n
ω
x
d
x
c_n = \frac{a_n -jb_n}{2} = \frac{1}{T}[\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x)cosn\omega xdx- j\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x)sinn\omega xdx] \\ =\frac{1}{T}\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x)(cosn\omega x-jsinn\omega x)dx \\ =\frac{1}{T}\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x) e^{-jn\omega x}dx
cn=2an−jbn=T1[∫−2T2TfT(x)cosnωxdx−j∫−2T2TfT(x)sinnωxdx]=T1∫−2T2TfT(x)(cosnωx−jsinnωx)dx=T1∫−2T2TfT(x)e−jnωxdx
其中
n
=
±
1
,
±
2
,
…
,
n=\pm1,\pm2,\dots,
n=±1,±2,…,
若令
w
n
=
n
ω
w_n=n\omega
wn=nω,则
(1.10)
f
T
(
x
)
=
c
0
+
∑
n
=
1
∞
(
c
n
e
j
w
n
x
+
c
−
n
e
−
j
w
n
x
)
=
∑
n
=
−
∞
∞
c
n
e
j
w
n
x
=
∑
n
=
−
∞
∞
[
1
T
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
e
−
j
w
n
x
d
x
]
e
j
w
n
x
=
1
T
∑
n
=
−
∞
∞
[
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
e
−
j
w
n
x
d
x
]
e
j
w
n
x
f_T(x) =c_0 + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(c_ne^{jw_nx}+c_{-n}e^{-jw_nx})=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}c_ne^{jw_nx} =\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} [\frac{1}{T}\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x) e^{-j w_n x}dx]e^{jw_nx}\\ = \frac{1}{T}\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} [\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x) e^{-j w_n x}dx]e^{jw_nx} \tag{1.10}
fT(x)=c0+n=1∑∞(cnejwnx+c−ne−jwnx)=n=−∞∑∞cnejwnx=n=−∞∑∞[T1∫−2T2TfT(x)e−jwnxdx]ejwnx=T1n=−∞∑∞[∫−2T2TfT(x)e−jwnxdx]ejwnx(1.10)
我们来解读下(1.10)
f
T
(
x
)
=
1
T
∑
n
=
−
∞
∞
[
∫
−
T
2
T
2
f
T
(
x
)
e
−
j
w
n
x
d
x
]
e
j
w
n
x
=
1
T
∑
n
=
−
∞
∞
[
F
(
w
n
)
]
e
j
w
n
x
f_T(x)= \frac{1}{T}\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} [\int_{-\frac{T}{2}}^{\frac{T}{2}}f_T(x) e^{-j w_n x}dx]e^{jw_nx} \\ =\frac{1}{T}\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} [F(w_n)]e^{jw_nx}
fT(x)=T1n=−∞∑∞[∫−2T2TfT(x)e−jwnxdx]ejwnx=T1n=−∞∑∞[F(wn)]ejwnx
上式表明,周期函数
f
T
(
x
)
f_T(x)
fT(x)由幅值
F
(
w
n
)
F(w_n)
F(wn)和频率
e
j
w
n
x
e^{jw_nx}
ejwnx的累加和组成。