极坐标系下矢量加减运算

设极坐标中的两个矢量$({\rho }_1,{\theta }_1)$和$({\rho }_2,{\theta }_2)$进行运算，得到$(\rho ,\theta )$。

根据极坐标和直角坐标公式转换
$$\begin{gathered} x=\rho \ast \cos \theta \\ y=\rho \ast \sin \theta \\ {\rho }^2=x^2+y^2 \\ \tan \theta =y/x(x\ne 0) \end{gathered}$$

矢量相加

目标矢量转化成直角坐标
$$\begin{gathered} x={\rho }_1\cos {\theta }_1+{\rho }_2\cos {\theta }_2 \\ y={\rho }_1\sin {\theta }_1+{\rho }_2\sin {\theta }_2 \end{gathered}$$

极径：

ρ = ( ρ 1 cos ⁡ θ 1 + ρ 2 cos ⁡ θ 2 ) 2 + ( ρ 1 sin ⁡ θ 1 + ρ 2 sin ⁡ θ 2 ) 2 = ρ 1 2 ( cos ⁡ 2 θ 1 + sin ⁡ 2 θ 1 ) + ρ 2 2 ( cos ⁡ 2 θ