映射Map

映射Map

映射是存储（键，值）数据对的数据结构
根据键（Key），寻找值（Value）
非常容易使用链表或者二分搜索树实现

public interface Map<K,V> {

    void add(K key,V value);
    V remove(K key);
    boolean contains(K key);
    V get(K key);
    void set(K key,V newValue);
    int getsize();
    boolean isEmpty();
}

LinkedListMap的实现

public class LinkedListMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V> {

    private class Node{
        public K key;
        public V value;
        public Node next;

        public Node(K key,V value, Node next){
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public Node(K key){
            this(key,null, null);
        }

        public Node(){
            this(null,null, null);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString(){
            return key.toString() + ":" +value.toString();
        }
    }

    private Node dummyHead;
    private int size;

    public LinkedListMap(){
        dummyHead = new Node();
        size = 0;
    }

    private Node getNode(K key){

        Node cur = dummyHead.next;
        while (cur != null){
            if(cur.key.equals(key))
                return cur;
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void add(K key, V value) {

        Node node = getNode(key);
        if(node == null){
            dummyHead.next = new Node(key,value,dummyHead.next);
            size ++;
        }
        else{
            node.value = value;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public V remove(K key) {

        Node prev = dummyHead;
        while(prev.next != null){
            if(prev.next.key.equals(key))
                break;
            prev = prev.next;
        }

        if(prev.next != null){
            Node delNode = prev.next;
            prev.next = delNode.next;
            delNode.next = null;
            size --;
            return delNode.value;
        }

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean contains(K key) {
        return getNode(key) != null;
    }

    @Override
    public V get(K key) {
        Node node = getNode(key);
        return node == null ? null : node.value;
    }

    @Override
    public void set(K key, V newValue) {

        Node node = getNode(key);
        if(node == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(key + "doesn't exist!");

        node.value = newValue;
    }

    @Override
    public int getsize() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }
}

BSTMap的实现

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

public class BST<E extends Comparable<E>>  {

    private class Node{
        public E e;
        public Node left,right;

        public Node(E e){
            this.e = e;
            left = null;
            right = null;
        }
    }

    private Node root;
    private int size;

    public BST() {
        root = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    public int size(){
        return size;
    }

    public boolean isEmpty(){
        return size == 0;
    }

    //向二分搜索树中添加新的元素e
    public void add(E e){
        root = add(root,e);
    }

    //向以node为根的二分搜索树中插入元素e，递归算法
    //返回插入新节点后二分搜索树的根
    private Node add(Node node,E e){

        if(node == null){
            size ++;
            return new Node(e);
        }

        if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0){
            node.left = add(node.left,e);
        }else if (e.compareTo(node.e) > 0){
            node.right = add(node.right,e);
        }

        return node;
    }

    //看二分搜索树中是否包含元素e
    public boolean contains(E e){
        return contains(root,e);
    }

    //看以node为根的二分搜索树中是否包含元素e，递归算法
    private boolean contains(Node node,E e){

        if(node == null)
            return false;

        if(e.compareTo(node.e) == 0)
            return true;
        else if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0)
            return contains(node.left,e);
        else
            return contains(node.right,e);
    }

    //二分搜索树的前序遍历
    public void preOrder(){
        preOrder(root);
    }

    //前序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树，递归算法
    private void preOrder(Node node){

        if(node == null)
            return;

        System.out.println(node.e);
        preOrder(node.left);
        preOrder(node.right);
    }

    //二分搜索树的中序遍历
    public void inOrder(){
        inOrder(root);
    }

    //中序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树，递归算法
    private void inOrder(Node node){

        if(node == null)
            return;

        inOrder(node.left);
        System.out.println(node.e);
        inOrder(node.right);
    }

    //二分搜索树的后序遍历
    public void postOrder(){
        postOrder(root);
    }

    //后序遍历以node为根的二分搜索树，递归算法
    private void postOrder(Node node){

        if(node == null)
            return;

        postOrder(node.left);
        postOrder(node.right);
        System.out.println(node.e);
    }

    //二分搜索树的层序遍历
    public void levelOrder(){

        Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
        q.add(root);
        while (!q.isEmpty()){
            Node cur = q.remove();
            System.out.println(cur.e);

            if(cur.left != null)
                q.add(cur.left);
            if(cur.right != null)
                q.add(cur.right);
        }
    }

    // 寻找二分搜索树的最小元素
    public E minimum(){
        if(size == 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty");

        Node minNode = minimum(root);
        return minNode.e;
    }

    // 返回以node为根的二分搜索树的最小值所在的节点
    private Node minimum(Node node){
        if( node.left == null )
            return node;

        return minimum(node.left);
    }

    // 寻找二分搜索树的最大元素
    public E maximum(){
        if(size == 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("BST is empty");

        return maximum(root).e;
    }

    // 返回以node为根的二分搜索树的最大值所在的节点
    private Node maximum(Node node){
        if( node.right == null )
            return node;

        return maximum(node.right);
    }

    // 从二分搜索树中删除最小值所在节点, 返回最小值
    public E removeMin(){
        E ret = minimum();
        root = removeMin(root);
        return ret;
    }

    // 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中的最小节点
    // 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
    private Node removeMin(Node node){

        if(node.left == null){
            Node rightNode = node.right;
            node.right = null;
            size --;
            return rightNode;
        }

        node.left = removeMin(node.left);
        return node;
    }

    // 从二分搜索树中删除最大值所在节点
    public E removeMax(){
        E ret = maximum();
        root = removeMax(root);
        return ret;
    }

    // 删除掉以node为根的二分搜索树中的最大节点
    // 返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
    private Node removeMax(Node node){

        if(node.right == null){
            Node leftNode = node.left;
            node.left = null;
            size --;
            return leftNode;
        }

        node.right = removeMax(node.right);
        return node;
    }

    //从二分搜索树中删除元素为e的节点
    public void remove(E e){
        root = remove(root,e);
    }

    //删除以node为根的二分搜索树中值为e的节点，递归算法
    //返回删除节点后新的二分搜索树的根
    Node remove(Node node,E e){

        if(node == null)
            return null;

        if(e.compareTo(node.e) < 0){
            node.left = remove(node.left,e);
            return node;
        }
        else if(e.compareTo(node.e) > 0){
            node.right = remove(node.right,e);
            return node;
        }
        else{//e == node.e

            //待删除节点左子树为空的情况
            if(node.left == null){
                Node rightNode = node.right;
                node.right = null;
                size --;
                return rightNode;
            }

            //待删除节点右子树为空的情况
            if(node.right == null){
                Node leftNode = node.left;
                node.left = null;
                size --;
                return leftNode;
            }

            //待删除节点左右子树均不为空的情况
            //找到比待删除节点大的最小节点，即待删除节点右子树的最小节点
            //用这个节点顶替待删除节点的位置
            Node successor = minimum(node.right);
            successor.right = removeMin(node.right);
            successor.left = node.left;

            node.left = node.right = null;

            return successor;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString(){
        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        generateString(root, 0, res);
        return res.toString();
    }

    // 生成以node为根节点，深度为depth的描述二叉树的字符串
    private void generateString(Node node, int depth, StringBuilder res){

        if(node == null){
            res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + "null\n");
            return;
        }

        res.append(generateDepthString(depth) + node.e + "\n");
        generateString(node.left, depth + 1, res);
        generateString(node.right, depth + 1, res);
    }

    private String generateDepthString(int depth){
        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        for(int i = 0 ; i < depth ; i ++)
            res.append("--");
        return res.toString();
    }
}