Ubuntu16.04&Melodic rosdep初始化问题解决方案

一、初始化rosdep报错

报错原因：20-default.list无法下载因网络限制无法下载。

sudo rosdep init
ERROR: cannot download default sources list from:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
Website may be down.

网上典型热门解决方法如下：

1）ca-certificates问题，证书不对，重新安装证书

sudo apt-get install ca-certificates

2）系统时间同步问题，需要同步系统时间

sudo apt-get install ntpdate
sudo ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
sudo hwclock --systohc

3. ssl certs问题

sudo c_rehash /etc/ssl/certs 
sudo -E rosdep init

4）python-rosdep问题

sudo apt-get install python-rosdep

若以上方法全部无效，请直接在/etc目录下新建/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list文件，下载地址：

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list

（请科学上网）

内容如下，自行粘贴也可：

#os-specific listings first
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx
#generic
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
gbpdistro https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte

#newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, …) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

至此，已解决20-default.list无法下载的问题。

二、rosdep update报错

报错原因：链接下载超时，出现 time out 或 connect refuse

解决办法一：

将20-default.list中所有raw.githubusercontent.com改为raw.github.com,得到如下最终文档：

#os-specific listings first
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml osx
#generic
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
yaml https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
gbpdistro https://raw.github.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml fuerte
#newer distributions (Groovy, Hydro, …) must not be listed anymore, they are being fetched from the rosdistro index.yaml instead

再次执行：rosdep update

解决办法二：

修改配置文件：

sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8 #google域名服务器
nameserver 8.8.4.4 #google域名服务器

解决办法三：

timeout设置大点：

分别更改 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist­packages/rosdep2/下的三个文件sources_list.py，gbpdistro_support.py，rep3.py中的DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 15.0

三、成功信息

rosdep update

reading in sources list data from /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d
Hit https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml
Hit https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
Hit https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
Hit https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
Hit https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml
Query rosdistro index https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml
Skip end-of-life distro "ardent"
Skip end-of-life distro "bouncy"
Add distro "crystal"
Add distro "dashing"
Add distro "eloquent"
Skip end-of-life distro "groovy"
Skip end-of-life distro "hydro"
Skip end-of-life distro "indigo"
Skip end-of-life distro "jade"
Add distro "kinetic"
Skip end-of-life distro "lunar"
Add distro "melodic"
Add distro "noetic"
updated cache in /home/eco/.ros/rosdep/sources.cache

成功升级，至此终于完成rosdep初始化，问题解决。

若问题未能顺利解决，需要在Linux系统下进行科学上网，从而一次性解决上述问题。