convert-----Linux中的图片处理工具

以前使用R作图的时候，一直很忧虑怎么将两个图片拼接在一起，有一些是可以做到的，但是可能是自己了解的比较少，这样成功的例子比较少，但是现在发现一个很好的工具就是convert，这个的存在完美的解决了这个问题
首先先看一下convert的参数
Image Settings:
-adjoin 将图像连接到单个多图像文件中
-affine matrix 仿射变换矩阵
-alpha option activate, deactivate, reset, or set the alpha channel
-antialias remove pixel-aliasing
-authenticate password
decipher image with this password
-attenuate value lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image
-background color background color
-bias value add bias when convolving an image
-black-point-compensation
use black point compensation
-blue-primary point chromaticity blue primary point
-bordercolor color border color
-caption string assign a caption to an image
-channel type apply option to select image channels
-colors value preferred number of colors in the image
-colorspace type alternate image colorspace
-comment string annotate image with comment
-compose operator set image composite operator
-compress type type of pixel compression when writing the image
-define format:option
define one or more image format options
-delay value display the next image after pausing
-density geometry horizontal and vertical density of the image
-depth value image depth
-display server get image or font from this X server
-dispose method layer disposal method
-dither method apply error diffusion to image
-encoding type text encoding type
-endian type endianness (MSB or LSB) of the image
-family name render text with this font family
-fill color color to use when filling a graphic primitive
-filter type use this filter when resizing an image
-font name render text with this font
-format “string” output formatted image characteristics
-fuzz distance colors within this distance are considered equal
-gravity type horizontal and vertical text placement
-green-primary point chromaticity green primary point
-intent type type of rendering intent when managing the image color
-interlace type type of image interlacing scheme
-interpolate method pixel color interpolation method
-interword-spacing value
set the space between two words
-kerning value set the space between two letters
-label string assign a label to an image
-limit type value pixel cache resource limit
-loop iterations add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation
-mask filename associate a mask with the image
-mattecolor color frame color
-monitor monitor progress
-orient type image orientation
-page geometry size and location of an image canvas (setting)
-ping efficiently determine image attributes
-pointsize value font point size
-preview type image preview type
-quality value JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level
-quiet suppress all warning messages
-red-primary point chromaticity red primary point
-regard-warnings pay attention to warning messages
-remap filename transform image colors to match this set of colors
-respect-parentheses settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary
-sampling-factor geometry
horizontal and vertical sampling factor
-scene value image scene number
-seed value seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers
-size geometry width and height of image
-stretch type render text with this font stretch
-stroke color graphic primitive stroke color
-strokewidth value graphic primitive stroke width
-style type render text with this font style
-taint image as ineligible for bi-modal delegate
-texture filename name of texture to tile onto the image background
-tile-offset geometry
tile offset
-treedepth value color tree depth
-transparent-color color
transparent color
-undercolor color annotation bounding box color
-units type the units of image resolution
-verbose print detailed information about the image
-view FlashPix viewing transforms
-virtual-pixel method
virtual pixel access method
-weight type render text with this font weight
-white-point point chromaticity white point

Image Operators:
-adaptive-blur geometry
adaptively blur pixels; decrease effect near edges
-adaptive-resize geometry
adaptively resize image using ‘mesh’ interpolation
-adaptive-sharpen geometry
adaptively sharpen pixels; increase effect near edges
-alpha option on, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy
transparent, extract, background, or shape
-annotate geometry text
annotate the image with text
-auto-orient automatically orient image
-bench iterations measure performance
-black-threshold value
force all pixels below the threshold into black
-blue-shift factor simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight
-blur geometry reduce image noise and reduce detail levels
-border geometry surround image with a border of color
-bordercolor color border color
-cdl filename color correct with a color decision list
-charcoal radius simulate a charcoal drawing
-chop geometry remove pixels from the image interior
-clip clip along the first path from the 8BIM profile
-clip-mask filename associate a clip mask with the image
-clip-path id clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile
-colorize value colorize the image with the fill color
-contrast enhance or reduce the image contrast
-contrast-stretch geometry
improve contrast by stretching' the intensity range -convolve coefficients apply a convolution kernel to the image -cycle amount cycle the image colormap -decipher filename convert cipher pixels to plain pixels -deskew threshold straighten an image -despeckle reduce the speckles within an image -distort method args distort images according to given method ad args -draw string annotate the image with a graphic primitive -edge radius apply a filter to detect edges in the image -encipher filename convert plain pixels to cipher pixels -emboss radius emboss an image -enhance apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image -equalize perform histogram equalization to an image -evaluate operator value evaluate an expression over image values -extent geometry set the image size -extract geometry extract area from image -fft implements the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -flip flip image vertically -floodfill geometry color floodfill the image with color -flop flop image horizontally -frame geometry surround image with an ornamental border -function name paramters apply function over image values -gamma value level of gamma correction -gaussian-blur geometry reduce image noise and reduce detail levels -geometry geometry perferred size or location of the image -identify identify the format and characteristics of the image -ift implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -implode amount implode image pixels about the center -lat geometry local adaptive thresholding -layers method optimize, merge, or compare image layers -level value adjust the level of image contrast -level-colors color,color level image using given colors -linear-stretch geometry improve contrast bystretching with saturation’
-liquid-rescale geometry
rescale image with seam-carving
-median radius apply a median filter to the image
-modulate value vary the brightness, saturation, and hue
-monochrome transform image to black and white
-motion-blur geometry
simulate motion blur
-negate replace every pixel with its complementary color
-noise radius add or reduce noise in an image
-normalize transform image to span the full range of colors
-opaque color change this color to the fill color
-ordered-dither NxN
add a noise pattern to the image with specific
amplitudes
-paint radius simulate an oil painting
-polaroid angle simulate a Polaroid picture
-posterize levels reduce the image to a limited number of color levels
-print string interpret string and print to console
-profile filename add, delete, or apply an image profile
-quantize colorspace reduce colors in this colorspace
-radial-blur angle radial blur the image
-raise value lighten/darken image edges to create a 3-D effect
-random-threshold low,high
random threshold the image
-recolor matrix translate, scale, shear, or rotate image colors
-region geometry apply options to a portion of the image
-render render vector graphics
-repage geometry size and location of an image canvas
-resample geometry change the resolution of an image
-resize geometry resize the image
-roll geometry roll an image vertically or horizontally
-rotate degrees apply Paeth rotation to the image
-sample geometry scale image with pixel sampling
-scale geometry scale the image
-segment values segment an image
-selective-blur geometry
selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold
-sepia-tone threshold
simulate a sepia-toned photo
-set property value set an image property
-shade degrees shade the image using a distant light source
-shadow geometry simulate an image shadow
-sharpen geometry sharpen the image
-shave geometry shave pixels from the image edges
-shear geometry slide one edge of the image along the X or Y axis
-sigmoidal-contrast geometry
increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows
-sketch geometry simulate a pencil sketch
-solarize threshold negate all pixels above the threshold level
-sparse-color method args
fill in a image based on a few color points
-splice geometry splice the background color into the image
-spread radius displace image pixels by a random amount
-strip strip image of all profiles and comments
-swirl degrees swirl image pixels about the center
-threshold value threshold the image
-thumbnail geometry create a thumbnail of the image
-tile filename tile image when filling a graphic primitive
-tint value tint the image with the fill color
-transform affine transform image
-transparent color make this color transparent within the image
-transpose flip image vertically and rotate 90 degrees
-transverse flop image horizontally and rotate 270 degrees
-trim trim image edges
-type type image type
-unique-colors discard all but one of any pixel color
-unsharp geometry sharpen the image
-vignette geometry soften the edges of the image in vignette style
-wave geometry alter an image along a sine wave
-white-threshold value
force all pixels above the threshold into white

Image Sequence Operators:
-append append an image sequence
-average average an image sequence
-clut apply a color lookup table to the image
-coalesce merge a sequence of images
-combine combine a sequence of images
-composite composite image
-crop geometry cut out a rectangular region of the image
-deconstruct break down an image sequence into constituent parts
-flatten flatten a sequence of images
-fx expression apply mathematical expression to an image channel(s)
-hald-clut apply a Hald color lookup table to the image
-morph value morph an image sequence
-mosaic create a mosaic from an image sequence
-process arguments process the image with a custom image filter
-reverse reverse image sequence
-separate separate an image channel into a grayscale image
-write filename write images to this file

Image Stack Operators:
-clone index clone an image
-delete index delete the image from the image sequence
-insert index insert last image into the image sequence
-swap indexes swap two images in the image sequence

Miscellaneous Options:
-debug events display copious debugging information
-help print program options
-list type print a list of supported option arguments
-log format format of debugging information
-version print version information

1、如何得到一个图片的尺寸大小，输入这样的命令

identify 1.png

1.png PNG 2000x1200 2000x1200+0+0 16-bit DirectClass 21.7kb
2、拼图
横向拼接

convert 1.png 2.png +append result1.png

这样图片就变成了一行两列的图了
纵向拼接

convert 1.png 2.png -append result2.png

这样图片就变成了两行一列的图了
3、放大缩小

convert -resize 100x100 1.png n.png

100x100是图片的尺寸，也可以用百分比，50%x50%
4、图片翻转
上下翻转：

convert -flip 1.png 2.png

左右翻转：

convert -flop 1.png 2.png

1.png 是原始的图片，而2.png是翻转之后的图片
5、单色
把图片变为黑白颜色：

convert -monochrome 1.png 2.png

6、加噪声

convert -noise 3 1.png 2.png

7、油画效果
我们可以用这个功能，把一张普通的图片，变成一张油画，效果非常的逼真

convert -paint 4 1.png 2.png

8、旋转
把一张图片，旋转一定的角度：

convert -rotate 30 1.png 2.png

上面的30，表示向右旋转30度，如果要向左旋转，度数就是负数。
9、炭笔效果

convert -charcoal 2 1.png 2.png

形成炭笔或者说是铅笔画的效果。
10、散射
1）毛玻璃效果：

convert -spread 30 1.png 2.png

2）漩涡
以图片的中心作为参照，把图片扭转，形成漩涡的效果：

convert -swirl 67 1.png 2.png

3）凸起效果
用-raise来创建凸边：

convert -raise 5x5 1.png 2.png