学习笔记-Python中用户输入和while循环

用户输入和while循环

1 函数 input() 的工作原理

name = input("Plesase input your name:")
print("Your name is : " + name )

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "
name = input(prompt)		#同时显示两行信息并获取输入信息
print("\nHello, " + name + "!")

1.1 使用 int() 来获取数值输入

input() 函数默认获取输入值为字符串形式。通过int()函数可以将其转化为数字形式。

>>> age = input("How old are you?\n")
>>> age			#输出'num'，为字符串的形式
>>> age = int(input("How old are you?\n"))
>>> age			#输出num，为数字形式

1.2 求模运算符

求模运算符（%），返回两数相除的余数

num = int(input("Enter a number, and tell you if it's even or odd: "))
if((num % 2) == 0):
	print("\n The number " , num, " is even.")
else:
	print("\nThe number ", num, " is odd.")

2 while循环简介

for循环用于针对集合中的每个元素都一个代码块，而while循环不断地执行，直到指定的条件不满足为止

2.1 使用while循环

num = int(input("The number you want to cycle: "))
while num > 0:
	print(num)
	num -= 1

2.2 使用标志

Flag = True
while(Flag):
	num = int(input("Please input which num you like: "))
	if(num >= 10):
		Flag = False
	else:
		print(num)

2.3 使用break退出循环

Flag = True
while(Flag):
	num = int(input("Please input which num you like: "))
	if(num >= 10):
		break
	else:
		print(num)

2.4 在循环中使用continue

Flag = True
while(Flag):
	num = int(input("Please input which num you like: "))
	if(num >= 10):
		continue
	else:
		print(num)

3 使用while循环来处理列表和字典

3.1 在列表之间移动元素

#定义一个列表及一个空列表
unconfirmed_users_name = ['Mars', 'Mark','Bill']
confirmed_users_name = []
#当列表不为空时，从列表末尾依次取出字符串，并添加到空列表中
while unconfirmed_users_name:
        current_user_name = unconfirmed_users_name.pop()
        confirmed_users_name.append(current_user_name)
#依次输出原空列表中的字符串
for user_name in confirmed_users_name:
        print(user_name)

3.2 删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
while 'cat' in pets:			#查找列表中为cat的字符串
	pets.remove('cat')			#删除列表中cat的字符串
print(pets)

3.3 使用用户输入来填充字典

person = {}			#空字典
Flag = True
while Flag:
	name = input("\nWhat's your name? ")
	age = int(input("How old are you? "))
	person[name] = age
	repeat = input("Would you like to let another person info?(Yes/No) ")
	if repeat == 'No':
		Flag = False
print("\n======== Result ========\n")
for name, age in person.items():
	print("name: " + name+ "\n" + "age: ", int(age))