离散数学学习笔记——集合运算的基本等式
集合运算的基本等式
设
U
U
U 为全集，
A
,
B
,
C
A, B, C
A,B,C 为任意集合。
(1)
A
∪
A
=
A
,
A
∩
A
=
A
.
A \cup A=A, A \cap A=A . \quad
A∪A=A,A∩A=A. (幂等律)
(2)
A
∪
B
=
B
∪
A
,
A
∩
B
=
B
∩
A
A \cup B=B \cup A, A \cap B=B \cap A
A∪B=B∪A,A∩B=B∩A. (交换律)
(3)
A
∪
(
B
∪
C
)
=
(
A
∪
B
)
∪
C
,
A
∩
(
B
∩
C
)
=
(
A
∩
B
)
∩
C
A \cup(B \cup C)=(A \cup B) \cup C, A \cap(B \cap C)=(A \cap B) \cap C
A∪(B∪C)=(A∪B)∪C,A∩(B∩C)=(A∩B)∩C (结合律)
(4)
A
∪
∅
=
A
,
A
∩
U
=
A
A \cup \varnothing=A, A \cap U=A
A∪∅=A,A∩U=A. (同一律)
(5)
A
∪
U
=
U
,
A
∩
∅
=
∅
A \cup U=U, A \cap \varnothing=\varnothing
A∪U=U,A∩∅=∅. (零律)
(6)
A
∪
(
B
∩
C
)
=
(
A
∪
B
)
∩
(
A
∪
C
)
,
A
∩
(
B
∪
C
)
=
(
A
∩
B
)
∪
(
A
∩
C
)
A \cup(B \cap C)=(A \cup B) \cap(A \cup C), A \cap(B \cup C)=(A \cap B) \cup(A \cap C)
A∪(B∩C)=(A∪B)∩(A∪C),A∩(B∪C)=(A∩B)∪(A∩C) (分配律)
(7)
A
∪
(
A
∩
B
)
=
A
,
A
∩
(
A
∪
B
)
=
A
A \cup(A \cap B)=A, A \cap(A \cup B)=A
A∪(A∩B)=A,A∩(A∪B)=A. (吸收律)
(8)
A
ˉ
∩
A
=
∅
,
A
ˉ
∪
A
=
U
.
\bar{A} \cap A=\varnothing, \bar{A} \cup A=U . \quad
Aˉ∩A=∅,Aˉ∪A=U. (矛盾律和排中律)
(9)
A
ˉ
‾
=
A
.
\begin{array}{ll}\text { } \overline{\bar{A}}=A . & \text { }\end{array}
Aˉ=A. (双重否定律)
(10
A
∪
B
‾
=
A
ˉ
∩
B
ˉ
,
A
∩
B
‾
=
A
ˉ
∪
B
ˉ
.
\overline{A \cup B}=\bar{A} \cap \bar{B}, \overline{A \cap B}=\bar{A} \cup \bar{B} .
A∪B=Aˉ∩Bˉ,A∩B=Aˉ∪Bˉ. (德摩根律)
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