英语语法汇总（11.直接引语和间接引语）

11.直接引语和间接引语

直接引语

• 一字不改的陈述别人的话，叫直接引语

  • “Why don’t we go shopping" Amy said

• 第三方进行转述

  • Amy asked me why don’t we go shopping
  • He said that he was busy

间接引语

• 说话人用自己的花转述别人的话，叫间接引语

• 如say，ask , declare引导间接引语

  • he tells me he is very busy

• 直接引语为间接引语的规则

  • 动作为现在或将来，间接引语时态不变
    • He says ,“I am tired”
    • He says he is tired
  • 引诉动词为现在完成时，间接引语动词为过去完成时
    • he said,“I’ve moved to another flat”
    • he said that he had moved to another flat
  • 引诉动词为一般过去时，间接引语动词为过去完成时，当然不排除仍用一般过去时
    • ”I moved to another flat" she said
    • she said she moved to another flat
  • 现在进行时，间接引语过去进行时
    • she said,“he is waiting”
    • she said he was waiting
  • 过去进行和过去完成时，间接引语为过去完成进行时或不变
  • 直接引语为一般将来时，间接引语为过去将来时
    • “where are you going” he asked
    • he asked where we were going
  • 情态动词一般现在时，间接引语中情态动词一般过去时，shall/will->would等
    • “I will see you later" he said
    • He said he would see me later
  • must指过去时，可以不变，如表达必须，间接引语”had to"
  • 间接引语为普遍真理，主句谓语是过去时，变成间接引语时，引语部分时态不变

• 间接为直接的人称变化

  • 代词
    • I->she/he,me/you->him/her/I/we,my-his/her,we-they,us-them,our-their,mine-his/hers,ours-theirs,myself-himself/herself
  • 时间
    • now-then,age-before,today-that day,tomorrow-the next day,yesterday-the day before, last night-the night before
  • 地点
    • here-there, this place-that place,these places-those places

• 直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语使用特殊疑问词

• want to know, ask, see,say 等可以接人称宾语，但是inquire 不跟人称宾语

• 直接引语为选择疑问句，变间接用whether。。or。。

  • she asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee

• 一般疑问句子，间接引语用if或whether

  • “Have you been abroad" she asked
  • she asked if/whether we had been abroad

• not的句子变间接 not to

  • ”Don’t make so much noise"she said to the children
  • she told the children not to make so much noise

• insist suggest 不能用于名词+不定式的结构，后跟that+should+动词原形

  • “you really must stay and have lunch” he said
  • he insisted that I should stay to have lunch