Datawhale-心跳信号分类预测 1

赛题理解:

赛题以心电图数据为背景，要求选手根据心电图感应数据预测心跳信号，其中心跳信号对应正常病例以及受不同心律不齐和心肌梗塞影响的病例，这是一个多分类的问题。通过这道赛题来引导大家了解医疗大数据的应用，帮助竞赛新人进行自我练习、自我提高。

赛题数据:
训练集数据：

d 为心跳信号分配的唯一标识
heartbeat_signals 心跳信号序列(数据之间采用“,”进行分隔)
label 心跳信号类别（0、1、2、3）

测试集数据：

id 心跳信号分配的唯一标识
heartbeat_signals 心跳信号序列(数据之间采用“,”进行分隔)

预测指标
选手需提交4种不同心跳信号预测的概率，选手提交结果与实际心跳类型结果进行对比，求预测的概率与真实值差值的绝对值。

具体计算公式如下：

总共有n个病例，针对某一个信号，若真实值为[y1,y2,y3,y4],模型预测概率值为[a1,a2,a3,a4],那么该模型的评价指标abs-sum为

例如，某心跳信号类别为1，通过编码转成[0,1,0,0]，预测不同心跳信号概率为[0.1,0.7,0.1,0.1]，那么这个信号预测结果的abs-sum为

数据预处理：

#减少内存占用
def reduce_mem_usage(df):
    start_mem = df.memory_usage().sum() / 1024**2 
    print('Memory usage of dataframe is {:.2f} MB'.format(start_mem))
    
    for col in df.columns:
        col_type = df[col].dtype
        
        if col_type != object:
            c_min = df[col].min()
            c_max = df[col].max()
            if str(col_type)[:3] == 'int':
                if c_min > np.iinfo(np.int8).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int8).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int8)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.int16).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int16).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int16)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.int32).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int32).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int32)
                elif c_min > np.iinfo(np.int64).min and c_max < np.iinfo(np.int64).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.int64)  
            else:
                if c_min > np.finfo(np.float16).min and c_max < np.finfo(np.float16).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.float16)
                elif c_min > np.finfo(np.float32).min and c_max < np.finfo(np.float32).max:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.float32)
                else:
                    df[col] = df[col].astype(np.float64)
        else:
            df[col] = df[col].astype('category')

    end_mem = df.memory_usage().sum() / 1024**2 
    print('Memory usage after optimization is: {:.2f} MB'.format(end_mem))
    print('Decreased by {:.1f}%'.format(100 * (start_mem - end_mem) / start_mem))
    
    return df

# 简单预处理
train_list = []

for items in train.values:
    train_list.append([items[0]] + [float(i) for i in items[1].split(',')] + [items[2]])

train = pd.DataFrame(np.array(train_list))
train.columns = ['id'] + ['s_'+str(i) for i in range(len(train_list[0])-2)] + ['label']
train = reduce_mem_usage(train)

test_list=[]
for items in test.values:
    test_list.append([items[0]] + [float(i) for i in items[1].split(',')])

test = pd.DataFrame(np.array(test_list))
test.columns = ['id'] + ['s_'+str(i) for i in range(len(test_list[0])-1)]
test = reduce_mem_usage(test)

train.head()
test.head()

训练数据/测试数据准备

#把train中的心跳信号全部给x_train，把train中的label给y_train，把test数据集中的id列丢掉
x_train = train.drop(['id','label'], axis=1)
y_train = train['label']
x_test=test.drop(['id'], axis=1)

模型训练

#定义评估标准的计算函数
def abs_sum(y_pre,y_tru):
    y_pre=np.array(y_pre)
    y_tru=np.array(y_tru)
    loss=sum(sum(abs(y_pre-y_tru)))
    return loss
#cv模型的流程
def cv_model(clf, train_x, train_y, test_x, clf_name):
    folds = 5
    seed = 2021
    kf = KFold(n_splits=folds, shuffle=True, random_state=seed)
    test = np.zeros((test_x.shape[0],4))

    cv_scores = []
    onehot_encoder = OneHotEncoder(sparse=False)
    for i, (train_index, valid_index) in enumerate(kf.split(train_x, train_y)):
        print('************************************ {} ************************************'.format(str(i+1)))
        trn_x, trn_y, val_x, val_y = train_x.iloc[train_index], train_y[train_index], train_x.iloc[valid_index], train_y[valid_index]
        
        if clf_name == "lgb":
            train_matrix = clf.Dataset(trn_x, label=trn_y)
            valid_matrix = clf.Dataset(val_x, label=val_y)

            params = {
                'boosting_type': 'gbdt',
                'objective': 'multiclass',
                'num_class': 4,
                'num_leaves': 2 ** 5,
                'feature_fraction': 0.8,
                'bagging_fraction': 0.8,
                'bagging_freq': 4,
                'learning_rate': 0.1,
                'seed': seed,
                'nthread': 28,
                'n_jobs':24,
                'verbose': -1,
            }

            model = clf.train(params, 
                      train_set=train_matrix, 
                      valid_sets=valid_matrix, 
                      num_boost_round=2000, 
                      verbose_eval=100, 
                      early_stopping_rounds=200)
            val_pred = model.predict(val_x, num_iteration=model.best_iteration)
            test_pred = model.predict(test_x, num_iteration=model.best_iteration) 
            
        val_y=np.array(val_y).reshape(-1, 1)
        val_y = onehot_encoder.fit_transform(val_y)
        print('预测的概率矩阵为：')
        print(test_pred)
        test += test_pred
        score=abs_sum(val_y, val_pred)
        cv_scores.append(score)
        print(cv_scores)
    print("%s_scotrainre_list:" % clf_name, cv_scores)
    print("%s_score_mean:" % clf_name, np.mean(cv_scores))
    print("%s_score_std:" % clf_name, np.std(cv_scores))
    test=test/kf.n_splits

    return test
# lgb模型调用cv模型函数
def lgb_model(x_train, y_train, x_test):
    lgb_test = cv_model(lgb, x_train, y_train, x_test, "lgb")
    return lgb_test

输出结果

lgb_test = lgb_model(x_train, y_train, x_test)

temp=pd.DataFrame(lgb_test)
temp