摘要
面对全球日趋严重的能源危机问题，可再生能源的开发和利用得到了人们的高度重视。其中辐射到地球太阳能资源是十分富饶的，绿色清洁的太阳能不会危害我们的生存环境，因而受到了人们的广泛利用。光伏发电作为可再生能源被广泛的应用，技术不断革新。
近年来，随着大量光伏接入配电网，一方面提高了电网应对负荷的能力，一方面间歇性光伏供电也对电网的稳定运行带来了一定的冲击。同时配电网的日常运行中，通常为了应对某些状况，通过开关动作进行网络重构，以保证电网的经济性和稳定性，光伏的接入也会使得配电网网络重构变得更加复杂，使得传统的网络重构方案难以满足复杂网络结构下的电网的运行控制要求。对此，本文展开含光伏发电的配电网重构策略研究。
在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下搭建了光伏发电并网的配电网系统仿真模型，研究含光伏配电网的网络重构策略，构建计及经济性、可靠性和安全性的时段性重构模型，采用多智能体体系建立含随机性光伏和波动性柔性负荷的主动配电网动态优化重构策略，实现主动配电网的协同重构，提高主动配电网的自愈能力和负荷供电可靠性。同时对提出的控制方案进行了一系列仿真实验，从多角度验证了所提出控制方法的灵活性和可靠性。
关键词：光伏发电，并网，MATLAB仿真，配电网，动态重构
Abstract
In the face of the increasingly serious global energy crisis, the development and utilization of renewable energy has attracted great attention.Among them, radiation to the earth's solar energy resources is very rich, green and clean solar energy will not harm our living environment, so it has been widely used by people.Photovoltaic power generation as a renewable energy is widely used, technology innovation.In order to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system, the system needs to track the maximum power point in real time.
Due to the improvement of people's living standard, the continuous progress of science and technology, and the continuous improvement of control, the consumption of non-renewable energy is serious or even exhausted, thus promoting the renewable energy to become the leading industry.Photovoltaic power generation has become a beautiful landscape at the present stage. Due to its advantages of mature development technology, relatively small cost and almost no pollution, it has a high prospect in the new energy power generation industry and has become the focus of attention of all countries in the world.At the same time, due to the variability, randomness and uncontrollability of light intensity, the stability of photovoltaic power generation system is greatly affected.The photovoltaic power generation industry continues to innovate, generating more and more electricity.Therefore, the new generation of us should seriously study the impact of photovoltaic power generation.
In the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment, a simulation model of the single-phase transformer-free grid-connected photovoltaic power supply system was built, and a series of simulation experiments were carried out to verify the flexibility and reliability of the proposed control method from multiple perspectives.
Keywords: Photovoltaic power generation, grid-connected, MATLAB simulation, Distribution network, dynamic reconstruction
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目录
1.2国内外发展现状........................................................................................ 2
1.2.1 光伏发电的发展现状............................................................. 2
1.2.2 配电网的发展现状................................................................. 3
1.2.3 配电网重构的发展现状......................................................... 4
1.4 研究内容及章节安排............................................................................... 6
第二章 光伏发电系统的组成................................................................................ 7
2.1光伏发电系统的基本组成........................................................................ 7
2.2光伏发电系统的分类................................................................................ 7
2.3光伏发电系统的应用................................................................................ 8
第三章 光伏并网逆变系统及其控制技术........................................................ 10
3.1光伏并网逆变系统.................................................................................. 10
3.2 并网逆变系统滤波器........................................................................ 11
3.2.1 LCL 型滤波器模型.............................................................. 11
3.2.2 无源阻尼................................................................................ 12
3.2.3 有源阻尼................................................................................ 13
3.3 并网逆变器系统模型分析............................................................... 15
3.3.1 并网逆变器系统概述........................................................... 15
3.4 光伏并网的影响分析....................................................................... 16
3.4.1 对供电质量的影响..................................................................... 16
3.4.2 对电压的影响.............................................................................. 18
第四章 基于开关打开和交换的随机配电网重构方法................................... 19
4.2 随机配电网重构..................................................................................... 21
4.3 开关打开和交换方法............................................................................. 23
4.4.1测试系统....................................................................................... 30
4.4.2MP和不同启发式方法的比较.................................................... 31
4.4.3SOE中不同步骤的影响.............................................................. 34
4.4.4SOE的敏感性分析....................................................................... 35
4.4.5单小时和多小时DNR的比较................................................... 37
4.4.6每小时、24小时和区块DNR的比较..................................... 39
4.4.7DDNR和SDNR之间的比较...................................................... 40
4.4.824小时SDNR中的场景数量..................................................... 41
第五章 光伏发电并网的配电网重构系统仿真................................................ 43
第一章 绪论
1.1研究课题背景
目前，随着国民经济的迅猛发展，我国电网的发展也越来越快，尤其是涉及居民生活的配电网更是发生了日新月异的变化，大量分布式光伏和柔性负荷的接入给配电网的运行带来了一定的挑战。当前，由于经济发展的需要，目前传统的化石能源已经难以满足国家经济发展对能源的需求，尤其在我国人口众多，传统化石能源的人均拥有量在全世界较低，截止 2018 年底，我国人均化石能源持有量仅为世界平均的 40%，这就要求我国积极探索新能源的开发和利用，缓解国内愈发严重的能源危机，同时考虑到化石能源带来的环境污染和温室效应问题，也要求我国积极开发新能源，作为国民支撑的电网发电主要依赖于火电厂进行发电，针对这样的情况，国家电网积极探索新能源发电策略，风电场、光伏电站、水电站等等新能源发电被大力投入，既缓解了电网的供电压力，又缓解了我国的环境问题。而光能源作为目前分布最为广泛的清洁能源，成为国家电网发展的重点，随着电网的大力投入，发电技术近些年才逐渐成熟，因此，开始逐步在全国各地推广建设，调研发现，国内小型用户的光伏发电增长率以每年 20%左右的提升，光伏发电正在为构建高效、清洁的电力系统供电体系提供巨大的推动力，成为目前电网发展的重点发电技术和重要支撑力量。
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