Bar Plot 进阶：环状堆叠条形图

前言

某天，我老妹儿问我：“哥 会画玫瑰堆积图吗？”，自我感觉了一下，应该就是 南丁格尔玫瑰图，在绘图过程中调整一下参数，把position=“dodge2”调整为position = "stack" ，就会变成下图堆叠的效果，好看是毋庸置疑的，但是会给人带来视觉上的误判，因为就视觉效果而言，外圈会看起来似乎更大……（但是挡不住它好看啊）

后来，坐在工位想了一下，如果有很多相同的实验组对照组，但是不同条件的处理，我又不想画好几张图，那是不是可以这样…这样…然后那样…就可以了😑👌

构建数据

# library
library(tidyverse)
library(viridis)
 
# 创建数据集
data <- data.frame(
  individual=paste( "Mister ", seq(1,60), sep=""),
  group=factor(c( rep('A', 10), rep('B', 30), rep('C', 14), rep('D', 6))) ,
  value1=sample( seq(10,100), 60, replace=T),
  value2=sample( seq(10,100), 60, replace=T),
  value3=sample( seq(10,100), 60, replace=T)
)
 
# 转换为 长格式 ，适配 ggplot
data <- data %>% gather(key = "observation", value="value", -c(1,2))

数据长这样：

画图（分步骤实现）

以下是解释R代码的要点，：

• 添加间隔：在数据集的每个组末尾附加无数据的占位符行，以确保清晰的视觉效果。
• 排序数据：按组和个体重新排列数据集，以保持一致的顺序。
• 标签：计算显示总值的标签的位置和方向，确保根据其放置位置的可读性。
• 基线和网格线：设置基线和网格线，为图表提供参考刻度，有助于理解数据的幅度和分布。
• 构建图表：使用ggplot2创建堆叠、标签和参考线的极坐标条形图。
• 保存输出：图表导出为PNG文件，设置适当的尺寸以确保清晰度和展示效果。ggsave(p, file = "output.png", width = 10, height = 10)

简单画个带间隔的堆叠 Bar Plot

重塑数据，加上间隔

# 设置要在每组末尾添加的“间隔”数量
empty_bar <- 2
nObsType <- nlevels(as.factor(data$observation))
to_add <- data.frame(matrix(NA, empty_bar * nlevels(data$group) * nObsType, ncol(data)))
colnames(to_add) <- colnames(data)
to_add$group <- rep(levels(data$group), each = empty_bar * nObsType)
data <- rbind(data, to_add)
data <- data %>% arrange(group, individual)
data$id <- rep(seq(1, nrow(data) / nObsType), each = nObsType)

加点细节：在每个间隔的 100/75/50/25 处添加短横线，并添加数字标识

# 准备一个用于基线的数据
base_data <- data %>%
  group_by(group) %>%
  summarize(start = min(id), end = max(id) - empty_bar) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(title = mean(c(start, end)))
grid_data <- base_data
grid_data$end <- grid_data$end[c(nrow(grid_data), 1:nrow(grid_data) - 1)] + 1
grid_data$start <- grid_data$start - 1
grid_data <- grid_data[-1, ]

画图

p <- ggplot(data) +
  # 堆叠 Bar
  geom_bar(aes(x = as.factor(id), y = value, fill = observation), stat = "identity", alpha = 0.5) +
  scale_fill_viridis(discrete = TRUE) +
  # 间隔加横线
  geom_segment(data = grid_data, aes(x = end, y = 0, xend = start, yend = 0), colour = "grey", alpha = 1, linewidth = 0.3, inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  geom_segment(data = grid_data, aes(x = end, y = 50, xend = start, yend = 50), colour = "grey", alpha = 1, linewidth = 0.3, inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  geom_segment(data = grid_data, aes(x = end, y = 100, xend = start, yend = 100), colour = "grey", alpha = 1, linewidth = 0.3, inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  geom_segment(data = grid_data, aes(x = end, y = 150, xend = start, yend = 150), colour = "grey", alpha = 1, linewidth = 0.3, inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  geom_segment(data = grid_data, aes(x = end, y = 200, xend = start, yend = 200), colour = "grey", alpha = 1, linewidth = 0.3, inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  # 添加数值标识 100/75/50/25
  ggplot2::annotate("text", x = rep(max(data$id), 5), y = c(0, 50, 100, 150, 200), label = c("0", "50", "100", "150", "200"), color = "grey", size = 6, angle = 0, fontface = "bold", hjust = 1) +
  ylim(-150, max(label_data$tot, na.rm = T)) +
  theme_minimal()

p

转换坐标系

在每个Bar上边添加标签

# 获取每个标签的名称和y位置
label_data <- data %>%
  group_by(id, individual) %>%
  summarize(tot = sum(value))
number_of_bar <- nrow(label_data)
angle <- 90 - 360 * (label_data$id - 0.5) / number_of_bar
label_data$hjust <- ifelse(angle < -90, 1, 0)
label_data$angle <- ifelse(angle < -90, angle + 180, angle)

画图，加亿点点细节：

p <- p +
  theme(
    legend.position = "none",
    axis.text = element_blank(),
    axis.title = element_blank(),
    panel.grid = element_blank(),
    plot.margin = unit(rep(-1, 4), "cm")
  ) +
  coord_polar() +
  # 在每个Bar的顶部添加标签
  geom_text(data = label_data, aes(x = id, y = tot + 10, label = individual, hjust = hjust), color = "black", fontface = "bold", alpha = 0.6, size = 5, angle = label_data$angle, inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  # 添加信息
  geom_segment(data = base_data, aes(x = start, y = -5, xend = end, yend = -5), colour = "black", alpha = 0.8, size = 0.6, inherit.aes = FALSE) +
  geom_text(data = base_data, aes(x = title, y = -18, label = group), hjust = c(1, 1, 0, 0), colour = "black", alpha = 0.8, size = 4, fontface = "bold", inherit.aes = FALSE)

最后的效果

完整代码

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