DNA甲基化是由甲基转移酶催化，将甲基添加到DNA的CG二核苷酸上，形成5-甲基胞嘧啶的过程。这一过程影响基因表达，过度甲基化可能导致基因沉默。人体内有DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b和DNMT3l四种类型的甲基转移酶，分别参与维持和新生甲基化的催化。Heyan生物科技专注于表观基因组学研究，提供多种生物学功能检测服务。
Relationship between methyltransferase and DNA methylation
DNA methylation refers to the selective addition of methyl to cytosine in CG dinucleotide of DNA under the catalysis of methyltransferase to form 5-methylcytosine, which is common in 5 '- cg-3' sequence of gene. The reaction was carried out with - adenosylmethionine (SAM) methylated the carbon atom at position 5 of cytosine nucleotide for methyl donor to form 5-mc. 5-mc can be subsequently oxidized by Spring Festival family dioxygenase to form 5-hmc, 5-FC, 5-cac and 5-cac in turn. Then it can be transformed into unmodified C through TDG and other ways, so as to complete the whole cycle of methylation modification. The methylation position of deoxyribonucleic acid is mainly concentrated in gene 5 ' Noncoding area of terminal (the 5 'end contains many regulatory sequences and Cui adds) DNA hypermethylation will first affect the structure of DNA, and then inhibit gene transcription and cause gene silencing.
There are four kinds of DNA methyltransferases in human body: DNMT1, Dnmt3a, DNMT3b and dnmt3l. After DNA replication, DNMT1 catalyzes the transfer of methyl to newly synthesized DNA On the chain, this phenomenon is called maintenance methylation; Dnmt3a and DNMT3b are responsible for catalyzing the reaction of new methylation sites on the nucleic acid chain to form methylation; Dnmt3l has no class a transferase activity, and its main function is to regulate the activities of other methyltransferases. Heyan biology has focused on epigenomics for more than ten years and is a leader in multi omics research services.
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