09【被动时态】 Passive Voice

09【被动时态】 Passive Voice

 

1, 被动的基本原则

判断：有宾语（名词）就是主动，后边没有被动就是被动

Be + -ed (P.P) 修饰语：副词，介词短语，连词等

 

Mr.Smith ordered some office supplies last week

Some office supplies were ordered by Mr.Smith last week

 

2，To 不定式和被动

To不定式，可以在句子中当名词（宾语，补语），和副词（修饰语），所以出现不定式的话，要确认和主语的关系

主语 + be +  -ing/-ed(P.P) + to不定式

 

注意：宾语，1-2形式的不及物动词 被动不可能

HAHA plans / is planned to expand her store’s branch into HongKong.

主语和动词也是主动关系

 

3，被动应用1

A, 1/2形式不及物动词

没有宾语，被动不可能的不及物动词

1形式不及物动词

Take place, function, happen，Decline, deteriorate, work, appear, expire, arrive

2形式不及物动词

Stay, remain, seem

The lease agreement will be terminated/expired next month. 租赁合同下个月到期

Terminated：是及物动词，expired 是不及物动词。因为有be动词在前边，不及物动词expired没有被动

B，4形式动词

必须有两个宾语，（人，物）都要

主语 + 动词 + 宾语：人 + 宾语：物 （主动）

--》事物（宾语）+ be + 4形式 P.P + to/for/of + 人（宾语） + by 主语 （被动）

--》人（宾语）+ be + 事物（宾语） + by 主语 （被动）

As a plan to boost work productivity, devoted employees can be given a special incentive for their achievement

Be, forward, grant, award, advise, notify, inform, convince, assure, remind, tell等没有宾语也可以被动，be + 动词的过去分词

 

4，被动应用2

5形式：主语+ 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

A, “使，让“动词的被动

主语 + 动词 + 人（宾语）+ to不定式

-----》人（宾语）+ be + -ed (P.P) + to不定式

Be allowed to ， Be required to ， Be asked to，Be encourage to，Be expected to

Be enabled to

B, 状态/判断 动词的被动

主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 形容词/分词/名词（补语）

-----》人（宾语）+ be + -ed (P.P) + 形容词/分词/名词

状态动词：leave，keep，make, have, let

判断动词：consider, find, deem

Her advice was considered very helpful when he passed the exam in 2017.

 

5, 其他被动态的结构

文章特定的构造，不动词的被动，be + p.p. +by之外的被动一起使用的介词出现

A, 不及物动词的被动

没有基本的被动态的不及物动词，根据下面两种条件：

（1）需要介词一起使用不及物动词

（2）介词后边的名词（介词的宾语）得有动作的接收的对象

主语 + 动词 + 介词 + 名词

--》名词be + -ed(P.P) + 介词：介词的宾语向主语移动, 后边的介词留着

The customer service center dealt with the issues that clients complained about

The issue that clients complained about were dealt with (by the customer service center)

Interfere with Deal with Dispose of Rely to

Pay for Listen to Depend/rely on Refer to

Look at Agree with/to Look after

上边的不及物动词的被动：<不及物动词 + 介词 + 宾语>

B，by 之外的被动的介词

By, at, with, in, of, to, for

Be ashamed of Be awarded to Be based on Be delighted at

Be interested in Be known to Be known for Be known as

Be surprise at Be concerned about Be disappointed with Be related to