OpenCV 中两画外接矩形函数的用法区别（boundingRect、minAreaRect）

当得到对象轮廓后，可用boundingRect()得轮廓的最外接小正矩形（绿色框），minAreaRect()得到轮廓的最小外接旋转矩形（红色框）。

1）Rect boundingRect(InputArray points)

boundRect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contours[i]));   //最小外接矩形(水平)
//取水平目标框参数
	x_t0 = boundRect[i].x;
	y_t0 = boundRect[i].y;
	w_t0 = boundRect[i].width;
	h_t0 = boundRect[i].height;
//画目标框
	rectangle(src, Point(boundRect[i].x, boundRect[i].y), Point(boundRect[i].x + boundRect[i].width, boundRect[i].y + boundRect[i].height), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8);

2）RotatedRect minAreaRect(InputArray points)

box[i] = minAreaRect(Mat(contours[i]));  //最小外接矩形(带角度)
box[i].points(rect);//把最小外接矩形四个端点复制给rect数组
//取带角度的目标框
	x_t0 = box[i].center.x - (box[i].size.width / 2);
	y_t0 = box[i].center.y - (box[i].size.height / 2);
	w_t0 = box[i].size.width;
	h_t0 = box[i].size.height;
//画目标框
	for (int j = 0; j<4; j++) {
		line(src, rect[j], rect[(j + 1) % 4], Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8);
	}

3）示例：寻找图片中每个目标最小包围矩形

//inImgM:输入照片，outImgM：输出图片
void minRect(Mat &inImgM, Mat &outImgM)
{
	Mat src = inImgM.clone();
	Mat src_gray, src_canny, dst;

	//图像预处理
	cvtColor(src, src_gray, COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
	GaussianBlur(src_gray, dst, Size(5, 5), 10, 10);
	Canny(dst, src_canny, 250, 100, 3);
	//imshow("canny检测", src_canny);
	Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(4, 2)); //定义结构元素
	dilate(src_canny, src_canny, element); //膨胀
	//imshow("膨胀", src_canny);

	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hierarcy;
	findContours(src_canny, contours, hierarcy, RETR_EXTERNAL, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE); //寻找轮廓
	vector<Rect> boundRect(contours.size());
	vector<RotatedRect>box(contours.size());
	Point2f rect[4];

	for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
	{
		box[i] = minAreaRect(Mat(contours[i]));  //最小外接矩形(带角度)
		boundRect[i] = boundingRect(Mat(contours[i]));   //最小外接矩形(水平)
		box[i].points(rect);//把最小外接矩形四个端点复制给rect数组

		//设置矩形标记阈值
		if ((boundRect[i].width < limit_box[0] || limit_box[1] < boundRect[i].width) ||
			(boundRect[i].height < limit_box[2] || limit_box[3] < boundRect[i].height))//筛选
			continue;	

		Mat ROI_t;
		int x_t0 = 0, y_t0 = 0, w_t0 = 0, h_t0 = 0;

		取带角度的目标框
		//x_t0 = box[i].center.x - (box[i].size.width / 2) + deviation_x;
		//y_t0 = box[i].center.y - (box[i].size.height / 2) + deviation_y;
		//w_t0 = box[i].size.width;
		//h_t0 = box[i].size.height;

		//取水平目标框
		x_t0 = boundRect[i].x + deviation_x;
		y_t0 = boundRect[i].y + deviation_y;
		w_t0 = boundRect[i].width;
		h_t0 = boundRect[i].height;
		ROI_t = src(Rect(x_t0, y_t0, w_t0, h_t0));

		//画目标框
		//水平框
		rectangle(src, Point(boundRect[i].x, boundRect[i].y), Point(boundRect[i].x + boundRect[i].width, boundRect[i].y + boundRect[i].height), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8);
		//带角度框
		for (int j = 0; j<4; j++) {
			line(src, rect[j], rect[(j + 1) % 4], Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8);
		}

		//画中心点
		circle(src, Point(box[i].center.x, box[i].center.y), 3, Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1, 8);
		imshow("Img1", src);
	}
	outImgM = src.clone();
}