shell 遍历文件时 尽量用重定向而不用管道

场景：遍历文件，找到某行含关键字即退出

#!/bin/bash
file="data.txt"

function func1
{
	while [ 1 ]
	do
		sleep 2 
		cat $file | while read line
		do
			if [[ $line == *"second"* ]]
			then
				echo "func1 -> line with second : $line"
				return 10
			fi
		done
	done
}

function func2
{
	while [ 1 ]
	do
		sleep 2 
		while read line
		do
			if [[ $line == *"second"* ]]
			then
				echo "func2 -> line with second : $line"
				return 10
			fi
		done < $file
	done
}

func1
echo "return: $?"

调用 func1，输出：

func1 -> line with second : this is the second line
func1 -> line with second : this is the second line
func1 -> line with second : this is the second line

^C

即无限循环，不会退出

调用 func2 ，输出：

func2 -> line with second : this is the second line
return: 10

解释：to do ...

1. 进程列表、协程和管道（第11 章会讲到）都利用了子shell；

2.  内建命令和外部命令的区别在于前者不需要使用子进程来执行