【C++】学习笔记

第一个C++程序

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	cout << "hello word" << endl;
	system("pause");//请按任意键继续
	return 0;
}

变量

给一段制定的内存空间起名，方便操作这段内存

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	cout <<a << endl;
	system("pause");//请按任意键继续
	return 0;
}

常量

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define day 7//常量定义方式1
int main()
{
	const int mouth = 30;//常量定义方式2
	cout << "一周一共有：" << day << "天" << endl;
	cout << "一个月有：" << mouth << "天" << endl;
	system("pause");//请按任意键继续
	return 0;
}

sizeof关键字

主要统计数据类型的内存大小

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	short a = 1;
	cout << sizeof(short) << endl;
	int b = 2;
	cout << sizeof(int) << endl;
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

浮点型（小数）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	float f1 = 3.14f;
	double f2 = 3.14;
	cout << f1 << "     " << f2 << endl;
	//科学计数法
	double f3 = 2e2;
	double f4 = 2e-2;
	cout << f3 << "     " << f4 << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

string字符串

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	std::string a = "hello world";
	cout << a << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

字符型

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char ch1 = 'a';//一定是单引号，且里面只能有1个字母
	cout << ch1 << endl;
	cout << sizeof(ch1) << endl;
	cout << int(ch1) << endl;//ASCII码的位置，a是97

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

转义字符

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cout << "hello world\n";
	cout << "aaa\thelloword" << endl;
	cout << "\\" << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

字符串string

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	char ch1[] = "hello world";//C语言风格
	string ch2 = "hello world2";//C++风格
	cout << ch1 << ch2 << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

布尔类型bool

只要非0都是真

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	bool ch1 = true;
	cout << ch1 << endl;//输出为1

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

数据输入cin

语法：cin>>

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a = 1;
	cout << "请输入：" << endl;
	cin >> a;
	cout << a << endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运算符（加减乘除）（取模）

加减乘除：±*/
取模（取余数）：%
note：小数不能取模

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int b = 3;
	cout << a % b << endl;//结果是1；10/3取余

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

前置运算和后置运算i++、++i

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int b = 10;
	//前置运算，先加1，在运算
	int c = ++a * 10;
	cout << a << endl;//运算结果11
	cout << c << endl;//运算结果110

	//后置运算，先计算，在加1
	int d = b++ * 10;
	cout << b << endl;//运算结果11
	cout << d << endl;//运算结果100


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

赋值运算符

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	a += 2;
	cout << a << endl;//结果是12

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

if语句

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    double source;
    cout<<"请输入分数"<<endl;
    cin>>source;
    if(source>=80)
    {
        cout<<"你太秀了"<<endl;
    }
    else if(source>=60&&source<80)
    {
        cout<<"你及格了"<<endl;

    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"你不及格"<<endl;
    }

    //system("pause");
}

练习案例（if语句）

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
   cout<<"请输入三只小猪的体重"<<endl;
   int a,b,c;
   cout<<"请输入小猪a的体重"<<endl;
   cin>>a;
   cout<<"请输入小猪b的体重"<<endl;
   cin>>b;
   cout<<"请输入小猪c的体重"<<endl;
   cin>>c;
   if (a>b)
   {
    if (a>c)
    {
        cout<<"a最重"<<endl;
        /* code */
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"c最重"<<endl;
    }
    /* code */
   }
   else
   {
    if (b>c)
    {
        cout<<"b最重"<<endl;
        /* code */
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"c最重"<<endl;
    }
    /* code */
   }
    //system("pause");
}

三目运算

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int a=1,b=2,c=3;
    c=(a>b?a:b);//三目运算
    cout<<"a"<<a<<"b"<<b<<"c"<<c<<endl;//输出结果a1b2c2
  
    //system("pause");
}

switch语句

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    cout<<"请输入分数"<<endl;
    int source;
    cin>>source;
    cout<<"您输入的分数为"<<source<<endl;



    switch (source)
    {
    case 10/* constant-expression */:
        /* code */
        cout<<"你的分数是优秀"<<endl;
        break;
    case 9:
    cout<<"你的分数是良好"<<endl;
    
    default:
    cout<<"你的分数是合格"<<endl;
        break;
    }

}

类class

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

const double pi=3.14;

class circle
{
public://权限
   
   int r;//属性

   //行为  获取圆的周长
   double zhouchang()
   {
    double s=2*pi*r;
    return s;

   }

};

int main()
{
    circle yuan1;
    yuan1.r=1;
    cout<<yuan1.zhouchang()<<endl;//输出结果6.28

}