pyTorch

import numpy as np
def function_2(x):
    return x[0]**2+x[1]**2

def numerical_gradient(f,x):
    h=1e-4
    grad=np.zeros_like(x)
    for index in range(x.size):
        tmp_val=x[index]
        x[index]=tmp_val+h
        fxh1=f(x)
        
        x[index]=tmp_val-h
        fxh2=f(x)
        grad[index]=(fxh1-fxh2)/(h*2)
        x[index]=tmp_val
    return grad

numerical_gradient(function_2,np.array([3.0,4.0]))

 求偏导梯度