突破交通预测瓶颈：全新改进的时空图卷积网络（STGCN）揭示未来交通流动的奥秘！

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-04 10:40:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-04 10:40:24 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_62921094/article/details/144315598

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🔍 探索交通预测的未来 🌐

在现代城市交通管理中，准确的交通预测至关重要。为了应对这一挑战，我们开发了一个基于深度学习的时空图卷积网络（STGCN），旨在提升交通流量预测的准确性和效率。本文将详细介绍我们的代码实现及其主要改进点。

🚀 代码亮点

模块化设计：
- TimeBlock：该模块对每个节点应用时序卷积，快速捕捉时间维度的特征。
- STGCNBlock：结合时序卷积和图卷积，能够有效地建模节点之间的空间关系。
- 全局结构：STGCN模型整合了多个时空卷积块，能够处理多节点、多时间步的数据输入，输出未来交通流量预测结果。

import math
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F


class TimeBlock(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3):
        """
        :param in_channels: Number of input features at each node in each time
        step.
        :param out_channels: Desired number of output channels at each node in
        each time step.
        :param kernel_size: Size of the 1D temporal kernel.
        """
        super(TimeBlock, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size))
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size))
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size))

    def forward(self, X):
        # Convert into NCHW format for pytorch to perform convolutions.
        X = X.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        temp = self.conv1(X) + torch.sigmoid(self.conv2(X))
        out = F.relu(temp + self.conv3(X))
        # Convert back from NCHW to NHWC
        out = out.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
        return out


class STGCNBlock(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, in_channels, spatial_channels, out_channels,
                 num_nodes):
        super(STGCNBlock, self).__init__()
        self.temporal1 = TimeBlock(in_channels=in_channels,
                                   out_channels=out_channels)
        self.Theta1 = nn.Parameter(torch.FloatTensor(out_channels,
                                                     spatial_channels))
        self.temporal2 = TimeBlock(in_channels=spatial_channels,
                                   out_channels=out_channels)
        self.batch_norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(num_nodes)
        self.reset_parameters()

    def reset_parameters(self):
        stdv = 1. / math.sqrt(self.Theta1.shape[1])
        self.Theta1.data.uniform_(-stdv, stdv)

    def forward(self, X, A_hat):
        t = self.temporal1(X)
        lfs = torch.einsum("ij,jklm->kilm", [A_hat, t.permute(1, 0, 2, 3)])
        # t2 = F.relu(torch.einsum("ijkl,lp->ijkp", [lfs, self.Theta1]))
        t2 = F.relu(torch.matmul(lfs, self.Theta1))
        t3 = self.temporal2(t2)
        return self.batch_norm(t3)
        # return t3


class STGCN(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, num_nodes, num_features, num_timesteps_input,
                 num_timesteps_output):

        super(STGCN, self).__init__()
        self.block1 = STGCNBlock(in_channels=num_features, out_channels=64,
                                 spatial_channels=16, num_nodes=num_nodes)
        self.block2 = STGCNBlock(in_channels=64, out_channels=64,
                                 spatial_channels=16, num_nodes=num_nodes)
        self.last_temporal = TimeBlock(in_channels=64, out_channels=64)
        self.fully = nn.Linear((num_timesteps_input - 2 * 5) * 64,
                               num_timesteps_output)

    def forward(self, A_hat, X):
         out1 = self.block1(X, A_hat)
        out2 = self.block2(out1, A_hat)
        out3 = self.last_temporal(out2)
        out4 = self.fully(out3.reshape((out3.shape[0], out3.shape[1], -1)))
        return out4

主要改进点：
- CBAM模块：我们引入了通道和空间注意力机制（CBAM），增强了模型对重要特征的关注能力，从而提升了预测的准确性。
- 残差块：通过使用残差结构，解决了深层网络训练中的梯度消失问题，提升了模型的收敛速度和性能。
- Dropout层：添加了Dropout层以防止过拟合，增强了模型的泛化能力，使其在实际应用中表现更加稳健。

import math
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from CBAM import CBAM


class TimeBlock(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3):
        """
        :param in_channels: Number of input features at each node in each time
        step.
        :param out_channels: Desired number of output channels at each node in
        each time step.
        :param kernel_size: Size of the 1D temporal kernel.
        """
        super(TimeBlock, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size))
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size))
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, (1, kernel_size))

    def forward(self, X):
        # Convert into NCHW format for pytorch to perform convolutions.
        X = X.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        temp = self.conv1(X) + torch.sigmoid(self.conv2(X))
        out = F.relu(temp + self.conv3(X))
        # Convert back from NCHW to NHWC
        out = out.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
        return out


class STGCNBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, spatial_channels, out_channels, num_nodes, dropout_prob=0.3):
        super(STGCNBlock, self).__init__()
        self.temporal1 = TimeBlock(in_channels=in_channels, out_channels=out_channels)
        self.Theta1 = nn.Parameter(torch.FloatTensor(out_channels, spatial_channels))
        self.temporal2 = TimeBlock(in_channels=spatial_channels, out_channels=out_channels)
        self.batch_norm = nn.BatchNorm2d(num_nodes)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout_prob)  # 添加Dropout
        self.reset_parameters()

    def reset_parameters(self):
        stdv = 1. / math.sqrt(self.Theta1.shape[1])
        self.Theta1.data.uniform_(-stdv, stdv)

    def forward(self, X, A_hat):
        t = self.temporal1(X)
        lfs = torch.einsum("ij,jklm->kilm", [A_hat, t.permute(1, 0, 2, 3)])
        t2 = F.relu(torch.matmul(lfs, self.Theta1))
        t3 = self.temporal2(t2)
        return self.batch_norm(self.dropout(t3))  # 应用Dropout
        # return t3


class STGCN(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, num_nodes, num_features, num_timesteps_input,
                 num_timesteps_output):
        """
        :param num_nodes: Number of nodes in the graph.
        :param num_features: Number of features at each node in each time step.
        :param num_timesteps_input: Number of past time steps fed into the
        network.
        :param num_timesteps_output: Desired number of future time steps
        output by the network.
        """
        super(STGCN, self).__init__()
        self.block1 = STGCNBlock(in_channels=num_features, out_channels=64,
                                 spatial_channels=16, num_nodes=num_nodes)
        self.block2 = STGCNBlock(in_channels=64, out_channels=64,
                                 spatial_channels=16, num_nodes=num_nodes)
        self.last_temporal = TimeBlock(in_channels=64, out_channels=64)
        self.fully = nn.Linear((num_timesteps_input - 2 * 5) * 64,
                               num_timesteps_output)
        self.cbam = CBAM(64)

    def forward(self, A_hat, X):
        """
        :param X: Input data of shape (batch_size, num_nodes, num_timesteps,
        num_features=in_channels).
        :param A_hat: Normalized adjacency matrix.
        """
        out1 = self.block1(X, A_hat)
        out2 = self.block2(out1, A_hat)
        out3 = self.last_temporal(out2)
        out3 = out3.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
        cbam_output = self.cbam(out3)
        out3 = cbam_output.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)
        out4 = self.fully(out3.reshape((out3.shape[0], out3.shape[1], -1)))
        return out4