stm32时钟简介 以F4107为例(参考正点原子教程)

文章详细介绍了STM32F4系列芯片中的时钟系统,包括不同类型的时钟源如LSI、LSE、HSE、HSI和PLL,以及它们在系统中的应用。重点讨论了如何通过RCC库函数设置和初始化时钟源,确保系统时钟的稳定性和性能。此外,还提到了SysTick定时器的配置,它是嵌入式系统中常用的心跳时钟和延迟实现工具。
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时钟树

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所有外设使用之前都要使用时钟

时钟 种类

LSIRC 低速内部时钟(偏移)

32khz,由RC震荡器产生,不稳定,

LSEOSC低速外部时钟

32.768kHZ晶振产生

HSE高速外部时钟

外接晶振产生 8兆

HSI RC高速内部时钟

16Mhz 由RC震荡器产生,不稳定
系统时钟的来源

426MHz HSE OSC

PLL

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进来乘N 三个分频 /P;/Q;/R
PLL时钟产生系统时钟
USB时钟

PLL2专用的给音频

外设对应

看门狗

独立看门狗选择LSIRC作为时钟

RTC

1.在RTC可以选择LSI
2. RTC很多选择LSE
3. LSEOSC经过分频器可以被RTC选择

MCO1/2

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可 配置分频器,进行除法运算
可选择四个时钟来源
最大时钟不超过100兆

系统时钟

HSI
HSE
PLL
在结构里面可以专门计算。
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代码

RCC库
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寄存器在stm32f4xx中有定义

库函数内SystemInit时钟系统初始化函数剖析

(只有库函数才有,寄存器要自己写 )
复位之后先调用systeminit再调用main函数

void SystemInit(void)
{
  /* FPU settings ------------------------------------------------------------*/
  #if (__FPU_PRESENT == 1) && (__FPU_USED == 1)
    SCB->CPACR |= ((3UL << 10*2)|(3UL << 11*2));  /* set CP10 and CP11 Full Access */
  #endif
  /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state ------------*/
  set是设置为1,reset是设置为0
  /* Set HSION bit */
  RCC->CR |= (uint32_t)0x00000001;
  打开时钟源,打开完离稳定还有一段时间,本来应该是要使能后再等待一段时间使得稳定

  /* Reset CFGR register */
  RCC->CFGR = 0x00000000;

  /* Reset HSEON, CSSON and PLLON bits */
  RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFEF6FFFF;

  /* Reset PLLCFGR register */
  RCC->PLLCFGR = 0x24003010;

  /* Reset HSEBYP bit */
  RCC->CR &= (uint32_t)0xFFFBFFFF;

  /* Disable all interrupts */
  RCC->CIR = 0x00000000;

#if defined (DATA_IN_ExtSRAM) || defined (DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM)
  SystemInit_ExtMemCtl(); 
#endif /* DATA_IN_ExtSRAM || DATA_IN_ExtSDRAM */
         
  /* Configure the System clock source, PLL Multiplier and Divider factors, 
     AHB/APBx prescalers and Flash settings ----------------------------------*/
  SetSysClock();

  /* Configure the Vector Table location add offset address ------------------*/
#ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM
  SCB->VTOR = SRAM_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM */
#else
  SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH */
#endif
}
static void SetSysClock(void)
{
#if defined (STM32F40_41xxx) || defined (STM32F427_437xx) || defined (STM32F429_439xx) || defined (STM32F401xx)
/******************************************************************************/
/*            PLL (clocked by HSE) used as System clock source                */
/******************************************************************************/
  __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;
  
  /* Enable HSE */使能外部时钟
  RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON);
 
  /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */
  等待稳定 CR寄存器有标志位,已知循环查询
  do
  {
    HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;
    StartUpCounter++;
  } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));

  if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;
  }
  else
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;
  }

  if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)
  {
    /* Select regulator voltage output Scale 1 mode */
    RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;
    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS;

    /* HCLK = SYSCLK / 1*/设置HCLK等于SYSCLK
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;
外设用时钟设置分频系数
#if defined (STM32F40_41xxx) || defined (STM32F427_437xx) || defined (STM32F429_439xx)      
    /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/ 设置分频系数2
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV2;
    
    /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/ 设置分频系数4
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV4;
#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx */

#if defined (STM32F401xx)
    /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;
    
    /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;
#endif /* STM32F401xx */
   设置pll的时钟输入啥的
    /* Configure the main PLL */
    RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) |
                   (RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC_HSE) | (PLL_Q << 24);

    /* Enable the main PLL */使能时钟
    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is ready */判断相应位
    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)
    {
    }
   
#if defined (STM32F427_437xx) || defined (STM32F429_439xx)
    /* Enable the Over-drive to extend the clock frequency to 180 Mhz */
    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_ODEN;
    while((PWR->CSR & PWR_CSR_ODRDY) == 0)
    {
    }
    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_ODSWEN;
    while((PWR->CSR & PWR_CSR_ODSWRDY) == 0)
    {
    }      
    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */
    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_5WS;
#endif /* STM32F427_437x || STM32F429_439xx  */

#if defined (STM32F40_41xxx)     
    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */
    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_5WS;
#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx  */

#if defined (STM32F401xx)
    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */
    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2WS;
#endif /* STM32F401xx */

    /* Select the main PLL as system clock source */
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is used as system clock source */
    while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS ) != RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL);
    {
    }
  }
  else
  { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock
         configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */
  }
#elif defined (STM32F411xE)
#if defined (USE_HSE_BYPASS) 
/******************************************************************************/
/*            PLL (clocked by HSE) used as System clock source                */
/******************************************************************************/
  __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;
  
  /* Enable HSE and HSE BYPASS */
  RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON | RCC_CR_HSEBYP);
 
  /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */
  do
  {
    HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;
    StartUpCounter++;
  } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));

  if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;
  }
  else
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;
  }

  if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)
  {
    /* Select regulator voltage output Scale 1 mode */
    RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;
    PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS;

    /* HCLK = SYSCLK / 1*/
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;

    /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;
    
    /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;

    /* Configure the main PLL */
    RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) |
                   (RCC_PLLCFGR_PLLSRC_HSE) | (PLL_Q << 24);
    
    /* Enable the main PLL */
    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is ready */
    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)
    {
    }

    /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */
    FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2WS;

    /* Select the main PLL as system clock source */
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));
    RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;

    /* Wait till the main PLL is used as system clock source */
    while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS ) != RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL);
    {
    }
  }
  else
  { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock
         configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */
  }
#else /* HSI will be used as PLL clock source */
  /* Select regulator voltage output Scale 1 mode */
  RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_PWREN;
  PWR->CR |= PWR_CR_VOS;
  
  /* HCLK = SYSCLK / 1*/
  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;
  
  /* PCLK2 = HCLK / 2*/
  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;
  
  /* PCLK1 = HCLK / 4*/
  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;
  
  /* Configure the main PLL */
  RCC->PLLCFGR = PLL_M | (PLL_N << 6) | (((PLL_P >> 1) -1) << 16) | (PLL_Q << 24); 
  
  /* Enable the main PLL */
  RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;
  
  /* Wait till the main PLL is ready */
  while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)
  {
  }
  
  /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache and wait state */
  FLASH->ACR = FLASH_ACR_PRFTEN | FLASH_ACR_ICEN |FLASH_ACR_DCEN |FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2WS;
  
  /* Select the main PLL as system clock source */
  RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));
  RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;
  
  /* Wait till the main PLL is used as system clock source */
  while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS ) != RCC_CFGR_SWS_PLL);
  {
  }
#endif /* USE_HSE_BYPASS */  
#endif /* STM32F40_41xxx || STM32F427_437xx || STM32F429_439xx || STM32F401xx */  
}

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做了这件事

Systick

systick是一个简单的定时器;(有高级和通用的定时器)
通常要做延时,时事系统的心跳时钟 ucos;可以节省MCU的资源
systick:系统滴答定时器,24位倒计数定时器,记到0时reload会自动装载定时初值,在睡眠模式下也能工作;可以产生异常,可以有中断,中断优先级可以有设置。
(内核级别)

systick寄存器
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0位 一般使用一个资源都要使能
1位 中断请求位
2位 时钟源

通过函数配置
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void SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(uint32_t SysTick_CLKSource)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_SYSTICK_CLK_SOURCE(SysTick_CLKSource));
  if (SysTick_CLKSource == SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK)
  {
    SysTick->CTRL |= SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK;
  }
  else
  {
    SysTick->CTRL &= SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK_Div8;
  }
}

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tick 之间有多少个时钟周期
设置寄存器,开启中断

cortex M4权威指南
delay文件夹

总结

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