PBDB Data Service：Specifying taxonomic names（指定分类名称）

描述

本文介绍此数据服务中分类名称的用法。它描述了用于在查询操作中指定分类名称的参数，以及可应用于分类名称以精确指定生命树的一部分的修饰符。

参数

许多数据服务操作允许您将分类名称指定为参数值。所有这些操作，都允许您通过以下三个参数之一指定一个或一组分类单元：

• taxon_name：选择与单个分类对应的所有记录。如果参数值与数据库中的多个分类名称匹配（因为它是同音异义词或因为您使用了通配符），则默认情况下将选择数据库中出现次数最多的分类单元。如果你没有得到你想要的分类，你可以添加更多的字母（即缩写更少）或使用选择器（见下文）。
• base_name：选择对应于单个分类单元及其所有子分类单元的所有记录。如果参数值与数据库中的多个分类名称匹配，因为它是同音异义词或因为您使用了通配符，则默认情况下将选择数据库中出现次数最多的分类单元。
• match_name：选择与所有匹配分类群对应的所有记录，其中匹配是按字母顺序而不是分类的。如果参数值与数据库中的多个分类名称匹配，则将选择所有分类名称。亚类群将不包括在内;如果您希望获得子分类群，您可以从结果中选择您感兴趣的一个或多个名称，并使用 base_name 参数执行第二次查询。

例子

如果使用 taxon_name 参数，则会返回专门标识到该分类单元而不是任何子分类单元的实例列表。例如，以下查询仅显示标识为Stegosauridae的实例，而不包含任何属或物种标识：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?rowcount&taxon_name=Stegosauridae

"Elapsed Time","0.00485"
"Records Found","18"
"Records Returned","18"
"Records:"
"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"408780","occ","19501","","12816","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","24821"
"409425","occ","","","39431","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","10663"
"487268","occ","35033","","48872","n. gen. Siamodracon n. sp. altispinus","species","374248","nomen dubium","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Tithonian","Berriasian","152.1","139.8","66469"
"491509","occ","37852","","49636","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","75375"
"533712","occ","","","55218","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Early Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","14674"
"627694","occ","","","67698","Lexovisaurus sp.","genus","38812","nomen dubium","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Middle Callovian","","164.7","161.2","19329"
"717835","occ","","","77064","Stegosauridae indet. B informal","family","38803","obsolete variant of","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Tithonian","","152.1","145","26086"
"962986","occ","","","106364","Stegosauridae ? indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Late Jurassic","","163.5","145","36721"
"1091923","occ","","","137256","cf. Lexovisaurus sp.","genus","38812","nomen dubium","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Early Callovian","","164.7","161.2","43908"
"1246309","occ","","","164377","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Early Tithonian","","150.8","145","53638"
"1398264","occ","","","192747","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","","157.3","152.1","65427"
"1413453","occ","","","32362","Wuerhosaurus n. sp. mongoliensis","species","374229","nomen dubium","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Aptian","Albian","125","100.5","66469"
"1449433","occ","","","38020","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Aptian","","125","113","53088"
"1569280","occ","","","221551","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Berriasian","","145","139.8","77625"
"1576938","occ","","","222719","Stegosauridae ? indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Berriasian","Valanginian","145","132.9","78389"
"1578734","occ","","","222895","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","78423"
"1587777","occ","","","207749","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","80157"
"1606202","occ","","","227114","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","82562"

另一方面，如果使用 base_name 参数，则会返回该分类单元标识的实例列表，包括任何子分类群。请注意，以下结果包含更多匹配项。其他的被确定为属于Stegosauridae中的特定物种或属。

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?rowcount&base_name=Stegosauridae

"Elapsed Time","0.0107"
"Records Found","150"
"Records Returned","150"
"Records:"
"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"149599","occ","","","13214","Stegosaurus sp.","genus","38814","","Stegosaurus","genus","38814","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","4387"
"219973","occ","12664","","22648","Stegosaurus stenops","species","56491","","Stegosaurus stenops","species","56491","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","58803"
"220057","occ","","","22678","Stegosaurus sp.","genus","38814","","Stegosaurus","genus","38814","Late Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","155.7","145","5760"
"220164","occ","","","22711","Stegosaurus sp.","genus","38814","","Stegosaurus","genus","38814","Tithonian","","152.1","145","15179"
"225585","occ","","","21852","Stegosaurus sp.","genus","38814","","Stegosaurus","genus","38814","Early Tithonian","","150.8","145","15567"
"296498","occ","","","28382","n. gen. Stegosaurus n. sp. armatus","species","52941","nomen dubium","Stegosaurus","genus","38814","Late Kimmeridgian","Early Tithonian","155.7","145","7808"
"408058","occ","","","39253","Stegosaurus ungulatus","species","52985","","Stegosaurus ungulatus","species","52985","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","7814"
"408059","occ","","","39253","Stegosaurus n. sp. sulcatus","species","56494","","Stegosaurus sulcatus","species","56494","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","10619"

仅部分展示。

您始终可以包含多个分类单元名称，用逗号分隔。生成的列表将包括与任何名称对应的所有记录。例如：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?rowcount&base_name=Dacentrurus, Loricatosaurus

"Elapsed Time","0.00535"
"Records Found","29"
"Records Returned","29"
"Records:"
"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"478161","occ","33454","","47420","Omosaurus n. sp. lennieri","species","56507","nomen dubium","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","53021"
"478162","occ","","","47421","n. gen. Omosaurus n. sp. armatus","species","52989","recombined as","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","14124"
"478163","occ","21443","","47422","Loricatosaurus priscus","species","142527","","Loricatosaurus priscus","species","56502","Middle Callovian","","164.7","161.2","29301"
"478165","occ","","","47423","Dacentrurus lennieri","species","64542","nomen dubium","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","12728"
"489229","occ","38035","","49215","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Early Kimmeridgian","Late Kimmeridgian","155.7","150.8","29301"
"489236","occ","38032","","49219","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","Early Tithonian","155.7","145","29301"
"489242","occ","38034","","49221","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","29301"
"565464","occ","40008","","39423","Dacentrurus armatus","species","56505","","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","82562"
"565465","occ","38037","","59089","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","155.7","145","29301"
"583477","occ","","","61364","Dacentrurus armatus","species","56505","","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Late Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","155.7","145","70303"
"632253","occ","39999","","68019","Dacentrurus armatus","species","56505","","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Late Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","155.7","145","82563"
"691649","occ","","","74502","Dacentrurus armatus","species","56505","","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Middle Tithonian","","150.8","145","24990"
"705735","occ","38036","","61407","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Hauterivian","Early Barremian","136.4","125.45","29301"
"708309","occ","","","59128","Stegosaurus n. sp. priscus","species","56502","recombined as","Loricatosaurus priscus","species","56502","Middle Callovian","","164.7","161.2","25691"
"708310","occ","38049","","49253","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Middle Tithonian","Late Tithonian","150.8","145","25691"
"708901","occ","20029","","75968","Omosaurus lennieri","species","56507","nomen dubium","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","13143"
"829078","occ","39996","","91396","aff. Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","82562"
"1133809","occ","","","67107","Omosaurus ? sp.","genus","52988","replaced by","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","19134"
"1147450","occ","","","59075","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Early Barremian","","130","125.45","47244"
"1147452","occ","","","146261","Dacentrurus armatus","species","56505","","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","47244"
"1214509","occ","40002","","157885","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","82563"
"1214510","occ","40001","","157886","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","82563"
"1554269","occ","40006","","39423","Dacentrurus armatus","species","56505","","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","82562"
"1554277","occ","","","49219","Omosaurus armatus","species","52989","recombined as","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Late Kimmeridgian","Early Tithonian","155.7","145","13143"
"1554280","occ","38048","","219236","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","29301"
"1554282","occ","","","88192","Omosaurus armatus","species","52989","recombined as","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","13143"
"1554283","occ","","","49244","Omosaurus lennieri","species","56507","nomen dubium","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Kimmeridgian","","157.3","152.1","13143"
"1604604","occ","","","142093","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Berriasian","","145","139.8","82353"
"1606201","occ","40004","","227113","Dacentrurus sp.","genus","38808","","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","82563"

相同的参数可以用于taxa/list操作。例如，以下查询返回Stegosauridae中已输入此数据库的所有分类群：

• /data1.2/taxa/list.txt?rowcount&base_name=Stegosauridae

"Elapsed Time","0.00512"
"Records Found","58"
"Records Returned","58"
"Records:"
"orig_no","taxon_no","record_type","flags","taxon_rank","taxon_name","difference","accepted_no","accepted_rank","accepted_name","parent_no","reference_no","is_extant","n_occs"
"38803","38803","txn","B","family","Stegosauridae","","38803","family","Stegosauridae","38798","7815","extinct","150"
"142526","142526","txn","","genus","Loricatosaurus","","142526","genus","Loricatosaurus","38803","29301","extinct","2"
"56502","142527","txn","","species","Loricatosaurus priscus","","56502","species","Loricatosaurus priscus","142526","29301","extinct","2"
"67016","67016","txn","","family","Omosauridae","subjective synonym of","38803","family","Stegosauridae","38798","14142","extinct","150"
"374229","374229","txn","","species","Wuerhosaurus mongoliensis","nomen dubium","38803","family","Stegosauridae","38803","66469","extinct","1"
"54859","54859","txn","","subfamily","Huayangosaurinae","","54859","subfamily","Huayangosaurinae","38803","9262","extinct","5"
"89460","89460","txn","","genus","Gigantspinosaurus","","89460","genus","Gigantspinosaurus","54859","19209","extinct","1"
"89461","89461","txn","","species","Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis","","89461","species","Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis","89460","19209","extinct","1"
"38805","38805","txn","","genus","Chungkingosaurus","","38805","genus","Chungkingosaurus","54859","17258","extinct","4"
"56487","56487","txn","","species","Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis","","56487","species","Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis","38805","17258","extinct","3"
"374243","374243","txn","","species","Chungkingosaurus giganticus","subjective synonym of","56487","species","Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis","38805","66469","extinct","3"
"374242","374242","txn","","species","Chungkingosaurus magnus","subjective synonym of","56487","species","Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis","38805","66469","extinct","3"
"38814","38814","txn","","genus","Stegosaurus","","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38803","7808","extinct","79"
"38815","38815","txn","","genus","Wuerhosaurus","subjective synonym of","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38803","13379","extinct","79"
"56493","56493","txn","","species","Wuerhosaurus homheni","","56493","species","Wuerhosaurus homheni","38814","13379","extinct","3"
"56491","56491","txn","","species","Stegosaurus stenops","","56491","species","Stegosaurus stenops","38814","10619","extinct","8"
"324832","324832","txn","","species","Stegosaurus armatus","","324832","species","Stegosaurus armatus","38814","7808","extinct","0"
"52992","52992","txn","","genus","Diracodon","subjective synonym of","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38803","7816","extinct","79"
"52993","52993","txn","","species","Diracodon laticeps","","52993","species","Diracodon laticeps","38814","7816","extinct","1"
"56512","56512","txn","","species","Stegosaurus affinis","nomen nudum","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38814","7747","extinct","1"
"52985","52985","txn","","species","Stegosaurus ungulatus","","52985","species","Stegosaurus ungulatus","38814","7814","extinct","5"
"56494","56494","txn","","species","Stegosaurus sulcatus","","56494","species","Stegosaurus sulcatus","38814","10619","extinct","1"
"52941","52941","txn","","species","Stegosaurus armatus","nomen dubium","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38814","7808","extinct","3"
"56495","56495","txn","","species","Stegosaurus duplex","","56495","species","Stegosaurus duplex","38814","10619","extinct","1"
"53199","53199","txn","","genus","Hypsirophus","subjective synonym of","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38803","14502","extinct","79"
"53200","53200","txn","","species","Hypsirophus discurus","","53200","species","Hypsirophus discurus","38814","14502","extinct","1"
"54207","376420","txn","","species","Hypsirophus seeleyanus","nomen nudum","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38814","9088","extinct","0"
"376421","462181","txn","","subfamily","Kentrosaurinae","","376421","subfamily","Kentrosaurinae","38803","82762","extinct","0"
"38812","38812","txn","","genus","Lexovisaurus","nomen dubium","38803","family","Stegosauridae","38803","13123","extinct","3"
"64522","374241","txn","","species","Lexovisaurus phillipsi","","64522","species","Lexovisaurus phillipsi","38812","14179","extinct","1"
"381639","381639","txn","","genus","Mongolostegus","","381639","genus","Mongolostegus","38803","67961","extinct","1"
"381640","381640","txn","","species","Mongolostegus exspectabilis","","381640","species","Mongolostegus exspectabilis","381639","67961","extinct","1"
"65646","65646","txn","","genus","Changdusaurus","","65646","genus","Changdusaurus","38803","46057","extinct","1"
"65647","65647","txn","","species","Changdusaurus laminaplacodus","","65647","species","Changdusaurus laminaplacodus","65646","46057","extinct","1"
"81343","376421","txn","","subfamily","Kentrurosaurinae","","81343","subfamily","Kentrurosaurinae","38803","82762","extinct","0"
"81342","142521","txn","","subfamily","Dacentrurinae","","81342","subfamily","Dacentrurinae","38803","82696","extinct","34"
"142524","142524","txn","","genus","Miragaia","","142524","genus","Miragaia","81342","29300","extinct","4"
"376422","376422","txn","","genus","Alcovasaurus","subjective synonym of","142524","genus","Miragaia","81342","66803","extinct","4"
"142525","142525","txn","","species","Miragaia longicollum","","142525","species","Miragaia longicollum","142524","29300","extinct","2"
"56492","440879","txn","","species","Miragaia longispinus","","56492","species","Miragaia longispinus","142524","10606","extinct","2"
"374114","374114","txn","","genus","Natronasaurus","subjective synonym of","142524","genus","Miragaia","81342","66469","extinct","4"
"38808","38808","txn","","genus","Dacentrurus","","38808","genus","Dacentrurus","81342","17154","extinct","27"
"52989","56505","txn","","species","Dacentrurus armatus","","52989","species","Dacentrurus armatus","38808","7808","extinct","9"
"56507","56507","txn","","species","Omosaurus lennieri","nomen dubium","38808","genus","Dacentrurus","38808","53021","extinct","4"
"52988","52988","txn","","genus","Omosaurus","replaced by","38808","genus","Dacentrurus","81342","7815","extinct","27"
"68158","68158","txn","","genus","Hesperosaurus","","68158","genus","Hesperosaurus","38803","14843","extinct","7"
"68159","68159","txn","","species","Hesperosaurus mjosi","","68159","species","Hesperosaurus mjosi","68158","14843","extinct","6"
"105576","105576","txn","","genus","Priodontosaurus","","105576","genus","Priodontosaurus","38803","14603","extinct","0"
"68944","68944","txn","","family","Hypsirhophidae","subjective synonym of","38803","family","Stegosauridae","38798","18085","extinct","150"
"168391","168391","txn","","genus","Sauraechmodon","","168391","genus","Sauraechmodon","38803","32813","extinct","0"
"153944","153944","txn","","genus","Jiangjunosaurus","","153944","genus","Jiangjunosaurus","38803","30713","extinct","1"
"153945","153945","txn","","species","Jiangjunosaurus junggarensis","","153945","species","Jiangjunosaurus junggarensis","153944","30713","extinct","1"
"374245","374245","txn","","genus","Siamodracon","nomen dubium","38803","family","Stegosauridae","38803","66469","extinct","1"
"374248","374248","txn","","species","Siamodracon altispinus","nomen dubium","38803","family","Stegosauridae","374245","66469","extinct","1"
"54855","54855","txn","","subfamily","Stegosaurinae","","54855","subfamily","Stegosaurinae","38803","9261","extinct","0"
"66553","66553","txn","","subfamily","Scelidosaurinae","","66553","subfamily","Scelidosaurinae","38803","19324","extinct","0"
"153286","153286","txn","","genus","Yingshanosaurus","","153286","genus","Yingshanosaurus","38803","30635","extinct","1"
"369588","369588","txn","","species","Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis","","369588","species","Yingshanosaurus jichuanensis","153286","65625","extinct","1"

最后，如果您不确定您感兴趣的名称的确切拼写，您可以缩写并获取所有匹配名称的列表：

• /data1.2/taxa/list.txt?rowcount&show=class&match_name=Stegos.

"Elapsed Time","0.00713"
"Records Found","20"
"Records Returned","20"
"Records:"
"orig_no","taxon_no","record_type","flags","taxon_rank","taxon_name","difference","accepted_no","accepted_rank","accepted_name","parent_no","reference_no","is_extant","n_occs","phylum","class","order","family","genus","type_taxon"
"427126","427126","txn","","family","Stegostomatidae","","427126","family","Stegostomatidae","34573","73922","extant","7","Chordata","Chondrichthyes","Orectolobiformes","Stegostomatidae","",""
"285233","285233","txn","","genus","Stegostoma","","285233","genus","Stegostoma","427126","49265","extant","7","Chordata","Chondrichthyes","Orectolobiformes","Stegostomatidae","Stegostoma",""
"188836","188836","txn","","genus","Stegosimpsonia","","188836","genus","Stegosimpsonia","146420","70874","extinct","5","Chordata","Mammalia","Cingulata","Dasypodidae","Stegosimpsonia",""
"396199","396199","txn","","genus","Stegosiren","","396199","genus","Stegosiren","71172","70329","extinct","1","Chordata","Mammalia","Sirenia","Dugongidae","Stegosiren","Stegosiren macei"
"38841","38841","txn","","genus","Stegosaurides","nomen dubium","52777","unranked clade","Thyreophora","52777","13553","extinct","1","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","NO_FAMILY_SPECIFIED","Stegosaurides","Stegosaurides excavatus"
"38798","325918","txn","V","infraorder","Stegosauri","obsolete variant of","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","","",""
"38798","376419","txn","V","infraorder","Stegosauria","obsolete variant of","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","","",""
"38798","105774","txn","V","superfamily","Stegosauria","obsolete variant of","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","","",""
"38798","147919","txn","","unranked clade","Stegosauria","","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","","","",""
"38798","308078","txn","V","family","Stegosauria","obsolete variant of","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","","",""
"38798","326058","txn","V","order","Stegosauria","obsolete variant of","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","","","",""
"38798","389352","txn","V","suborder","Stegosauri","obsolete variant of","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","","",""
"38798","38798","txn","V","suborder","Stegosauria","obsolete variant of","38798","unranked clade","Stegosauria","52777","7808","extinct","288","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","","",""
"38803","38803","txn","","family","Stegosauridae","","38803","family","Stegosauridae","38798","7815","extinct","150","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","Stegosauridae","","Stegosaurus"
"38814","38814","txn","","genus","Stegosaurus","","38814","genus","Stegosaurus","38803","7808","extinct","79","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","Stegosauridae","Stegosaurus",""
"54855","54855","txn","","subfamily","Stegosaurinae","","54855","subfamily","Stegosaurinae","38803","9261","extinct","0","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","Stegosauridae","","Stegosaurus"
"91114","91114","txn","","infraorder","Stegosauromorpha","","91114","infraorder","Stegosauromorpha","52777","19458","extinct","0","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","","",""
"66635","66635","txn","V","superfamily","Stegosauroidea","corrected to","66635","superfamily","Stegosauroidae","38712","15348","extinct","0","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","Stegosauroidae","","Stegosaurus"
"66635","424209","txn","","superfamily","Stegosauroidae","","66635","superfamily","Stegosauroidae","38712","15348","extinct","0","Chordata","Ornithischia","NO_ORDER_SPECIFIED","Stegosauroidae","",""
"183807","183807","txn","","genus","Stegosyne","","183807","genus","Stegosyne","183805","40275","extinct","2","Arthropoda","Insecta","Coleoptera","Schizocoleidae","Stegosyne","Stegosyne rugosa"

要缩小搜索范围，您可以使用选择器来指示您希望搜索生命树的哪个部分：

• /data1.2/taxa/list.txt?rowcount&show=class&match_name=insecta:stegos.

"Elapsed Time","0.00532"
"Records Found","1"
"Records Returned","1"
"Records:"
"orig_no","taxon_no","record_type","flags","taxon_rank","taxon_name","difference","accepted_no","accepted_rank","accepted_name","parent_no","reference_no","is_extant","n_occs","phylum","class","order","family","genus","type_taxon"
"183807","183807","txn","","genus","Stegosyne","","183807","genus","Stegosyne","183805","40275","extinct","2","Arthropoda","Insecta","Coleoptera","Schizocoleidae","Stegosyne","Stegosyne rugosa"

最后，请注意，所有名称匹配都不区分大小写。您可以指定大写、小写或混合的名称。

修饰符

有两种修饰符可以应用于任何分类学名称，以便准确指定您对生命树的哪一部分感兴趣。可以任意组合使用这些修饰符。

排除符 ^

第一种修饰符用于排除亚类群。使用这种修饰符的名称如下所示：

name ^exclusion

排除项必须与其修改的名称的子分类单元匹配。您可以根据需要添加任意数量的排除项，也可以根据需要用空格分隔它们。例如，以下查询将显示Stegosauridae的所有记录，Stegosaurus和Kentrosaurus除外：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Stegosauridae ^Stegosaurus ^Kentrosaurus

"Warning:","The name 'Stegosauridae:Kentrosaurus' did not match any name in the taxonomy table"
"Records:"
"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"408780","occ","19501","","12816","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","24821"
"409425","occ","","","39431","Stegosauridae indet.","family","38803","","Stegosauridae","family","38803","Kimmeridgian","Tithonian","157.3","145","10663"
"467545","occ","38029","","46465","Hesperosaurus mjosi","species","68159","","Hesperosaurus mjosi","species","68159","Kimmeridgian","","157.3","152.1","29301"
"478017","occ","","","47363","Iguanodon n. sp. phillipsii","species","64522","recombined as","Lexovisaurus phillipsi","species","64522","Oxfordian","","163.5","157.3","14179"
"478161","occ","33454","","47420","Omosaurus n. sp. lennieri","species","56507","nomen dubium","Dacentrurus","genus","38808","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","53021"
"478162","occ","","","47421","n. gen. Omosaurus n. sp. armatus","species","52989","recombined as","Dacentrurus armatus","species","52989","Late Kimmeridgian","","155.7","150.8","14124"
"478163","occ","21443","","47422","Loricatosaurus priscus","species","142527","","Loricatosaurus priscus","species","56502","Middle Callovian","","164.7","161.2","29301"

作为另一个示例，以下查询将列出北美非鸟类恐龙属随时间变化的多样性：
请注意，我在此示例中以大写形式编写了名称，以证明大小写无关紧要。

• /data1.2/occs/diversity.txt?base_name=DINOSAURIA^AVES&continent=NOA

"interval_no","interval_name","max_ma","min_ma","X_Ft","X_bL","X_FL","X_bt","sampled_in_bin","implied_in_bin","n_occs"
"106","Priabonian","38.00000","33.90000","0","0","0","0","0","0","1"
"107","Bartonian","41.30000","38.00000","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"
"108","Lutetian","47.80000","41.30000","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"
"109","Ypresian","56.00000","47.80000","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"
"110","Thanetian","59.20000","56.00000","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"
"743","Selandian","61.60000","59.20000","0","0","0","0","0","0","0"
"111","Danian","66.00000","61.60000","0","0","0","0","0","0","1"
"112","Maastrichtian","72.10000","66.00000","0","47","31","0","78","11","1745"
"113","Campanian","83.60000","72.10000","41","6","105","6","158","12","2956"
"114","Santonian","86.30000","83.60000","1","1","4","11","6","5","43"
"115","Coniacian","89.80000","86.30000","1","0","0","11","1","2","31"
"116","Turonian","93.90000","89.80000","0","0","4","11","5","2","25"
"117","Cenomanian","100.50000","93.90000","2","8","10","9","25","12","218"
"118","Albian","113.00000","100.50000","7","11","14","10","40","9","604"
"119","Aptian","125.00000","113.00000","9","2","6","12","23","6","151"
"120","Barremian","129.40000","125.00000","1","1","1","13","3","0","11"
"121","Hauterivian","132.90000","129.40000","0","0","0","14","0","0","0"
"122","Valanginian","139.80000","132.90000","3","2","13","11","20","6","73"
"123","Berriasian","145.00000","139.80000","0","0","0","13","0","0","1"
"124","Tithonian","152.10000","145.00000","4","19","15","9","42","7","827"
"125","Kimmeridgian","157.30000","152.10000","22","0","6","6","31","5","170"
"126","Oxfordian","163.50000","157.30000","2","0","2","4","5","0","28"
"127","Callovian","166.10000","163.50000","0","0","0","4","0","0","1"
"128","Bathonian","168.30000","166.10000","0","0","0","4","0","0","4"
"129","Bajocian","170.30000","168.30000","1","0","1","3","2","0","8"
"130","Aalenian","174.10000","170.30000","0","0","0","3","0","0","0"
"131","Toarcian","182.70000","174.10000","0","4","2","3","9","1","87"
"132","Pliensbachian","190.80000","182.70000","1","2","1","6","8","1","30"
"133","Sinemurian","199.30000","190.80000","2","12","6","6","26","1","448"
"134","Hettangian","201.30000","199.30000","5","0","1","13","17","0","159"
"135","Rhaetian","208.50000","201.30000","2","3","1","11","11","1","75"
"136","Norian","228.00000","208.50000","12","2","14","2","30","2","277"
"137","Carnian","237.00000","228.00000","2","0","1","2","4","0","16"
"138","Ladinian","242.00000","237.00000","0","0","0","2","0","0","0"
"139","Anisian","247.20000","242.00000","0","0","0","2","0","0","0"
"652","Olenekian","251.20000","247.20000","2","0","0","0","2","0","2"

选择符 ：

第二种修饰符用于区分同音异义词。使用这种修饰符的名称如下所示：

selector:name

选择器应该是包含您感兴趣的分类单元的任何分类单元的前几个字母（3 个或更多）。例如，以下任何查询都将返回 Ficus（海螺属）的所有匹配项：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Gastropoda:Ficus

"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"38817","occ","","","2959","Ficus huzayeni","species","112244","","Ficus huzayeni","species","112244","Bartonian","","41.3","38","130"
"42426","occ","","","3315","Ficus sp.","genus","9857","","Ficus","genus","9857","Late Eocene","","37.2","33.9","182"
"68252","occ","","","4880","Ficus cf. harrisi","species","158562","","Ficus harrisi","species","97624","Rupelian","","33.9","28.1","297"
"68253","occ","","","4880","Ficus mississippiensis","species","105370","","Ficus mississippiensis","species","105370","Rupelian","","33.9","28.1","297"
"95060","occ","","","5501","Ficus mississippiensis","species","105370","","Ficus mississippiensis","species","105370","Rupelian","","33.9","28.1","447"
"95124","occ","","","5612","Ficus mississippiensis","species","105370","","Ficus mississippiensis","species","105370","Rupelian","","33.9","28.1","447"

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Gastro:Ficus
• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Mollusc:Ficus

另一方面，以下任一查询都将返回 Ficus（陆地植物属）的所有出现次数：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Plant:Ficus
• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Moraceae:Ficus

"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"135694","occ","","","11334","""Ficus"" planicostata","species","448943","","Ficus planicostata","species","448943","Puercan","","66","63.3","4163"
"135700","occ","","","11335","""Ficus"" planicostata","species","448943","","Ficus planicostata","species","448943","Puercan","","66","63.3","4163"
"135855","occ","","","11348","""Ficus"" artocarpoides","species","448840","","Ficus artocarpoides","species","448840","Clarkforkian","","56.8","55.8","4163"
"135886","occ","","","11351","""Ficus"" artocarpoides","species","448840","","Ficus artocarpoides","species","448840","Torrejonian","","63.3","61.7","4163"
"136027","occ","","","11366","Ficus artocarpoides","species","448840","","Ficus artocarpoides","species","448840","Puercan","","66","63.3","4163"

如果使用的同音异义词名称未指定任何选择器，则默认情况下将选择数据库中出现次数最多的同音异义词。例如：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Ficus

缩写和通配符

您可以通过以句点结尾来缩写任何分类单元名称。指定二项式时，可以按常规方式将属缩写为一个字母，也可以指定更多字母。还可以使用标准 SQL 通配符。

• .：匹配任何字符序列。如果你把它放在一个名字的中间，它被假定为一个单词的结尾，并在它后面隐含地添加一个空格。所以，例如T.rex和T. rex的意思是一样的。
• %：匹配任何字符序列，可以在单词中间或开头使用。
• _：匹配任何单个字符。

例如，以下任何查询都将显示Tyrannosaurus rex的所有记录：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=T.rex
• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Tyr. rex
• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Ty% rex
• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Tyr%us r_x

"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"139292","occ","22878","","11917","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","Late Maastrichtian","","70.6","66","4218"
"139293","occ","","","11918","cf. Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","Late Maastrichtian","","70.6","66","4205"
"220009","occ","","","22657","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","Late Campanian","","83.5","70.6","5721"
"280101","occ","","","26760","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","Late Maastrichtian","","70.6","66","7389"

关于缩写，要记住的最重要的事情是，如果您的缩写与多个分类单元匹配，则所选的分类单元将是数据库中出现次数最多的分类单元。例如，以下查询实际上将显示珊瑚 Tarbellastraea reussiana 的所有出现次数，这是出现次数最多的匹配分类单元：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=T. re.

"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"338634","occ","","","31986","Toxaster retusus","species","382613","","Toxaster retusus","species","382612","Late Hauterivian","","136.4","130","8567"
"474038","occ","","","47025","Toxaster cf. retusus","species","382613","","Toxaster retusus","species","382612","Late Barremian","","130","125.45","12498"
"537782","occ","","","55745","Toxaster retusus","species","382613","","Toxaster retusus","species","382612","Late Valanginian","","140.2","136.4","15055"
"612311","occ","","","65752","Toxaster retusus","species","382613","","Toxaster retusus","species","382612","Hauterivian","","132.9","129.4","18719"
"613381","occ","","","65858","Toxaster retusus","species","382613","","Toxaster retusus","species","382612","Hauterivian","","132.9","129.4","18719"

如果您获得的分类与预期不同，则可以使用更多字母或添加选择器：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=dino:T. re.

"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"139292","occ","22878","","11917","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","Late Maastrichtian","","70.6","66","4218"
"139293","occ","","","11918","cf. Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","Late Maastrichtian","","70.6","66","4205"
"220009","occ","","","22657","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","","Tyrannosaurus rex","species","54833","Late Campanian","","83.5","70.6","5721"

作为另一个示例，以下查询将显示 Tyrannosauroidea 的所有匹配项，Tyrannosauroidea 是数据库中与名称 Tyrann. 匹配的最大分类单元：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?base_name=Tyrann.

"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no"
"139242","occ","24752","","11890","Gorgosaurus n. sp. sternbergi","species","63900","subjective synonym of","Gorgosaurus libratus","species","53194","Late Campanian","","83.5","70.6","13165"
"139250","occ","23301","","11893","Gorgosaurus libratus","species","53194","","Gorgosaurus libratus","species","53194","Late Campanian","","83.5","70.6","4205"
"139252","occ","23302","","11895","Gorgosaurus libratus","species","53194","","Gorgosaurus libratus","species","53194","Late Campanian","","83.5","70.6","4205"
"139253","occ","18699","","11896","Gorgosaurus libratus","species","53194","","Gorgosaurus libratus","species","53194","Late Campanian","","83.5","70.6","4205"

要查看匹配的分类单元，可以使用taxa/single操作，如下所示：

• /data1.2/taxa/single.txt?taxon_name=Tyrann.

"orig_no","taxon_no","record_type","flags","taxon_rank","taxon_name","difference","accepted_no","accepted_rank","accepted_name","parent_no","reference_no","is_extant","n_occs"
"58837","58837","txn","","superfamily","Tyrannosauroidea","","58837","superfamily","Tyrannosauroidea","53940","13771","extinct","631"

对于完全不同的示例，以下查询将返回昆虫物种Tyrannasorus rex的所有出现次数：

• /data1.2/occs/list.txt?show=class&base_name=insect:t.rex

"occurrence_no","record_type","reid_no","flags","collection_no","identified_name","identified_rank","identified_no","difference","accepted_name","accepted_rank","accepted_no","early_interval","late_interval","max_ma","min_ma","reference_no","phylum","class","order","family","genus"
"1019393","occ","","","122982","n. gen. Tyrannasorus n. sp. rex","species","222668","","Tyrannasorus rex","species","222668","Burdigalian","Langhian","20.44","13.82","40389","Arthropoda","Insecta","Coleoptera","Hybosoridae","Tyrannasorus"