https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-reports
Aims and scope 目标和范围
Energy Reports是一本在线多学科完全开放获取的期刊，涵盖了广泛的能源研究，无论是从技术工程的角度还是从社会研究的角度。该杂志侧重于能源系统及其影响。该杂志不包括与核能和采矿相关的主题研究，以及系统的特定或单个设备（例如发动机、热交换器等）、化学过程或可能具有更多内容的应用，而不是能源（例如健康、心理学等）。有关期刊范围的更多详细信息，作者可以参考以下部分的描述。
Renewable Energy
This section welcomes submissions of research related to measuring, harvesting, and conversion of renewable energies. Topics of interest include but are not limited to all kinds of technology associated with solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, marine energy (tidal, wave, and ocean), and desalination.
本节欢迎提交与可再生能源的测量、收集和转换相关的研究。感兴趣的主题包括但不限于与太阳能、风能、生物能源、海洋能（潮汐能、波浪能和海洋）和海水淡化相关的各种技术。
Electric Systems, Power, and Controls
电气系统、电源和控制
This section welcomes submissions related to electric power systems, including power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization. We are interested in manuscripts that address the development and application of technologies and control strategies for improving the performance, reliability, and sustainability of electric power systems. Topics of interest include but are not limited to power electronics, electric vehicles, electric energy storage systems, smart grids, control, automation, and demand-side management.
本部分欢迎与电力系统相关的提交，包括发电、输电、配电和利用。我们对涉及技术和控制策略的开发和应用的手稿感兴趣，以提高电力系统的性能、可靠性和可持续性。感兴趣的主题包括但不限于电力电子、电动汽车、电能存储系统、智能电网、控制、自动化和需求侧管理。
Energy Systems and Efficiency
能源系统与效率
This section welcomes submissions that focus on systems designed to produce, convert, store, and supply useful forms of energy to meet the demand of different end users efficiently. Topics of interest include wasted/low-grade heat, thermal energy generation and use, cooling systems not associated to vapor compression refrigeration cycle, energy supply and distribution in buildings, analysis of energy-water nexus, systems energy and exergy analysis, systems maintenance and safety, and hydropower.
本部分欢迎提交的提案侧重于旨在生产、转换、储存和供应有用能源形式的系统，以有效满足不同最终用户的需求。感兴趣的主题包括浪费/低品位热量、热能的产生和使用、与蒸汽压缩制冷循环无关的冷却系统、建筑物中的能源供应和分配、能源-水关系分析、系统能量和能量分析、系统维护和安全以及水力发电。
Building's Energy and HVAC Systems
建筑能源和暖通空调系统
This section welcomes submissions of research related to reporting novel theoretical studies, experiments, on-site measurements, numerical simulations and optimization of systems, and the equipment of building envelopes, HVAC systems, and renewable energy systems integrated with building components and construction elements. Building's energy includes thermal, visual, acoustic comfort, indoor air quality, and all technologies of the building shell (both opaque and transparent envelopes) and, energy systems, for both new constructions and retrofit of existing buildings.
本节欢迎提交与报告新颖的理论研究、实验、现场测量、数值模拟和系统优化相关的研究，以及与建筑构件和建筑构件集成的建筑围护结构、暖通空调系统和可再生能源系统的设备。建筑的能源包括热能、视觉能、声学舒适度、室内空气质量以及建筑外壳的所有技术（包括不透明和透明的围护结构）和能源系统，用于新建和现有建筑的改造。
Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies
能量转换和存储技术
This section welcomes submissions of research related to the development and optimization of technologies that convert and store energy for various applications, such as building, transportation, industry, and grid applications. Topics of interest include but are not limited to energy generation and conversion technologies, battery technologies, fuel cells, thermal energy storage, and renewable energy integration.
本部分欢迎提交与开发和优化各种应用（如建筑、运输、工业和电网应用）转换和储存能量的技术相关的研究。感兴趣的主题包括但不限于能源生产和转换技术、电池技术、燃料电池、热能存储和可再生能源集成。
Environment, Energy Economics and Policies
环境、能源经济与政策
This section welcomes submissions of research that support the advancement of the sustainable energy development along one or more sustainability dimensions - environmental, economic, and social. Topics of interest include methods for comparison and measurement of sustainability, and energy policies and measures that enable low carbon development on a global scale, along with green economy and better governance. Other featured topics include intersectoral such as energy-water, and water-food-energy, and integrated assessment models, macroeconomic analyses, trends and projections, plus energy markets, investment and finance drivers, and financial and regulatory mechanisms.
本节欢迎提交支持在一个或多个可持续性维度（环境、经济和社会）推进可持续能源发展的研究。感兴趣的主题包括可持续性的比较和衡量方法，以及在全球范围内实现低碳发展的能源政策和措施，以及绿色经济和更好的治理。其他专题包括能源-水、水-粮食-能源等跨部门、综合评估模型、宏观经济分析、趋势和预测，以及能源市场、投资和融资驱动因素以及金融和监管机制。
Hydrocarbon Mitigation Technologies
碳氢化合物减排技术
This section welcomes submissions of research that support the mitigation of environmental problems associated with hydrocarbon technology that are not associated with renewable energy. Topics of interest include but are not limited to carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, hydrogen production, delivery, and infrastructure, along with clean fuels, and hydrocarbon processes optimization. Another key topic is the environmental and societal safety issues that need to be addressed in the extraction, transformation, and use of hydrocarbons.
本节欢迎提交支持缓解与碳氢化合物技术相关的与可再生能源无关的环境问题的研究。感兴趣的主题包括但不限于碳捕获和储存、地热能、氢气生产、输送和基础设施，以及清洁燃料和碳氢化合物工艺优化。另一个关键主题是在碳氢化合物的开采、转化和使用中需要解决的环境和社会安全问题。
Guide for authors 作者指南
Introduction 介绍
Energy Reports is an online multidisciplinary fully open access journal, covering any aspect of energy research, either from a technical engineering viewpoint or from a social research aspect, and all subject areas will be considered (e.g. renewables, fossil, nuclear).
《能源报告》是一本在线多学科完全开放获取的期刊，涵盖能源研究的任何方面，无论是从技术工程的角度还是从社会研究的角度，所有学科领域都将被考虑（例如可再生能源、化石、核能）。
Energy Reports is open to direct submissions and also to submissions from other Elsevier energy journals, whose Editors have determined that Energy Reports would be a better fit. Please note, that the former page/word limitations for this publication have now been relaxed.
《能源报告》接受直接投稿，也接受其他爱思唯尔能源期刊的投稿，这些期刊的编辑认为《能源报告》更适合。请注意，本出版物以前的页数/字数限制现已放宽。
Energy Reports operates a single blind peer review and aims for a rapid review and publication time. Revising authors are required to submit the revised version of their manuscript within 20 days. Authors will receive a reminder prior to the end of this period and a final reminder 7 days after due submission date.
Energy Reports采用单一的盲目同行评审，旨在快速评审和发表时间。修改作者必须在20天内提交稿件的修改版本。作者将在截止日期前收到提醒，并在截止日期后 7 天收到最终提醒。
Editors will judge submissions on the following criteria:
编辑将根据以下标准对投稿进行评判：
- Aim/scope of the submission is clearly defined
明确界定提交的目的/范围 - Scientifically relevant methodologies used and adequately described
使用并充分描述的科学相关方法 - Results of interest to a particular niche/broad community and have not been published previously
特定利基/广泛社区感兴趣的结果，以前未发表过 - Conclusions are supported by the presented data
结论得到了所提供数据的支持 - Submission is well written and logically constructed
提交内容写得很好，结构合乎逻辑
Page charges 页面费用
This title is fully open access and therefore funded not through library subscription payments but through author fees. If you would like your article to be published open access, but you genuinely cannot afford these fees, then individual waiver requests are considered on a case-by-case basis and may be granted in cases of genuine need. Priority for this waiver programme will be given to applications by authors from countries eligible for the Research4Life programme. See Registered institutions - Research4Life
该书是完全开放获取的，因此不是通过图书馆订阅费，而是通过作者费来资助。如果您希望您的文章以开放获取的方式发表，但您确实负担不起这些费用，那么个人豁免请求将根据具体情况进行考虑，并在真正需要的情况下获得批准。该豁免计划将优先考虑来自符合Research4Life计划资格的国家的作者的申请。查看 http://www.research4life.org/institutions
Submission checklist 提交清单
You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
您可以使用此列表对您的投稿进行最终检查，然后再将其发送给期刊进行审核。请查看本作者指南中的相关部分，了解更多详情。
Ensure that the following items are present:
确保存在以下项目：
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
一位作者被指定为通讯作者，联系方式如下：
• E-mail address • 电子邮件地址
• Full postal address
• 完整的邮寄地址
All necessary files have been uploaded:
所有必要的文件都已上传：
Manuscript: 手稿：
• Include keywords • 包含关键字
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• 所有图表（包括相关标题）
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• 所有表格（包括标题、说明、脚注）
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• 确保文本中的所有图形和表格引用都与提供的文件匹配
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
• 清楚地指出是否应将颜色用于打印中的任何图形
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
图形摘要/突出显示文件（如适用）
Supplemental files (where applicable)
补充文件（如适用）
Further considerations 其他注意事项
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• 稿件已“拼写检查”和“语法检查”
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• 参考文献列表中提到的所有参考文献均在正文中引用，反之亦然
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• 已获得使用来自其他来源（包括互联网）的受版权保护材料的许可
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• 即使作者没有要声明的竞争利益，也要提供竞争利益声明
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• 本指南中详述的期刊政策已经过审查
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements
• 根据期刊要求提供推荐建议和联系方式
For further information, visit our Support Center.
有关更多信息，请访问我们的支持中心。
This journal encourages the submission of replication studies.
本刊鼓励提交复制研究。
When submitting your manuscript select the replication study article type from the drop down menu in Editorial Manager. Also ensure that the original study is clearly referenced by providing a link to the original study. Replication studies should include [brief] introduction and discussion sections that succinctly report the goal of the original paper. The original paper should be the work of a different author or group of authors.
提交稿件时，请从编辑部经理的下拉菜单中选择复制研究文章类型。此外，通过提供原始研究的链接，确保明确引用了原始研究。重复研究应包括[简短的]介绍和讨论部分，简明扼要地报告原始论文的目标。原始论文应为不同作者或作者组的作品。
For replication studies please also deposit your data in Mendeley data or another trusted repository and ensure your data is properly cited. Please refer to the section on Research data for further guidance on data deposition and citation.
对于复制研究，请同时将您的数据存放在 Mendeley 数据或其他受信任的存储库中，并确保您的数据被正确引用。有关数据沉积和引用的进一步指导，请参阅研究数据部分。
Before you begin 准备工作
Ethics in publishing 出版伦理
Please see our information on Ethics in publishing.
请参阅我们关于出版道德的信息。
Studies in humans and animals
人类和动物研究
If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. The manuscript should be in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and aim for the inclusion of representative human populations (sex, age and ethnicity) as per those recommendations. The terms sex and gender should be used correctly.
如果工作涉及使用人类受试者，作者应确保所描述的工作是按照世界医学会道德准则（赫尔辛基宣言）进行的，用于涉及人类的实验。稿件应符合《医学期刊学术著作的实施、报告、编辑和出版建议》，并旨在根据这些建议纳入具有代表性的人群（性别、年龄和种族）。应正确使用“性别”和“性别”这两个术语。
The author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and have been approved by the appropriate institutional committee(s). This statement should contain the date and reference number of the ethical approval(s) obtained. Authors should also include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.
作者应确保手稿包含一份声明，说明所有程序均按照相关法律和机构指南执行，并已获得相应机构委员会的批准。该声明应包含获得伦理批准的日期和参考编号。作者还应在手稿中加入一份声明，说明对人类受试者进行实验已获得知情同意。必须始终遵守人类主体的隐私权。
The journal will not accept manuscripts that contain data derived from unethically sourced organs or tissue, including from executed prisoners or prisoners of conscience, consistent with recommendations by Global Rights Compliance on Mitigating Human Rights Risks in Transplantation Medicine. For all studies that use human organs or tissues authors must provide sufficient evidence that they were procured in line with WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation. The source of the organs or tissues used in clinical research must be transparent and traceable. Authors of manuscripts describing organ transplantation must additionally declare within the manuscript:
该杂志不接受包含来自不道德来源的器官或组织的数据的手稿，包括来自被处决的囚犯或良心犯的数据，这与全球权利合规组织关于减轻移植医学人权风险的建议一致。对于所有使用人体器官或组织的研究，作者必须提供足够的证据，证明它们是根据世界卫生组织关于人体细胞、组织和器官移植的指导原则获得的。临床研究中使用的器官或组织的来源必须是透明和可追溯的。描述器官移植的手稿的作者必须在手稿中另外声明：
- that autonomous consent free from coercion was obtained from the donor(s) or their next of kin; and
从捐赠者或其近亲那里获得了不受胁迫的自主同意;和 - that organs/tissues were not sourced from executed prisoners or prisoners of conscience.
器官/组织不是来自被处决的囚犯或良心犯。
All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, or the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the authors should clearly indicate in the manuscript that such guidelines have been followed. The sex of animals must be indicated, and where appropriate, the influence (or association) of sex on the results of the study.
所有动物实验均应符合 ARRIVE指南，并应按照 1986 年英国动物（科学程序）法案和相关指南、欧盟动物实验指令 2010/63/EU 或国家研究委员会的实验动物护理和使用指南进行，作者应在手稿中明确说明已遵循此类指南。必须指出动物的性别，并在适当的情况下指出性别对研究结果的影响（或关联）。
Declaration of competing interest
利益冲突声明
Corresponding authors, on behalf of all the authors of a submission, must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. All authors, including those without competing interests to declare, should provide the relevant information to the corresponding author (which, where relevant, may specify they have nothing to declare). Corresponding authors should then use this tool to create a shared statement and upload to the submission system at the Attach Files step. Please do not convert the .docx template to another file type. Author signatures are not required.
通讯作者必须代表提交的所有作者披露与其他人或组织的任何财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会不恰当地影响（偏见）他们的工作。潜在利益冲突的例子包括雇佣、咨询、股票所有权、酬金、有偿专家证词、专利申请/注册以及赠款或其他资金。所有作者，包括那些没有竞争利益的作者，都应向通讯作者提供相关信息（在相关情况下，通讯作者可以说明他们没有什么可声明的）。然后，通讯作者应使用此工具创建共享声明，并在“附加文件”步骤中上传到提交系统。请不要将 .docx 模板转换为其他文件类型。不需要作者签名。
Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
生成式人工智能在科学写作中的宣言
The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.
以下指南仅涉及写作过程，而不是作为研究过程的一部分，使用人工智能工具从数据中分析和得出见解。
Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.
如果作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能 （AI） 和 AI 辅助技术，作者应仅使用这些技术来提高可读性和语言性。应用该技术应该在人类的监督和控制下完成，作者应该仔细审查和编辑结果，因为人工智能可以生成听起来权威的输出，这些输出可能是不正确的、不完整的或有偏见的。人工智能和人工智能辅助技术不应被列为作者或合著者，也不应被引用为作者。作者身份意味着只能归因于人类并由人类执行的责任和任务，如爱思唯尔的 AI 作者政策中所述。
Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.
作者应按照以下说明在写作过程中披露人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的使用。声明将出现在已发表的作品中。请注意，作者对作品内容负有最终责任。
Disclosure instructions 披露说明
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.
作者必须在核心稿件文件的稿件末尾，在参考文献列表之前添加声明，披露在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的情况。该声明应放在题为“写作过程中的生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的声明”的新章节中。
Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
声明：在准备本作品期间，作者使用[名称工具/服务]来[REASON]。使用此工具/服务后，作者根据需要审查和编辑内容，并对出版物的内容承担全部责任。
This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
本声明不适用于使用基本工具检查语法、拼写、参考文献等。如果没有什么要披露的，就没有必要添加声明。
Submission declaration and verification
提交声明和验证
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software.
提交一篇文章意味着所描述的工作以前没有发表过（除了以摘要、已发表的讲座或学术论文的形式，有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或同时发表”），它没有考虑在其他地方发表，其发表得到了所有作者的批准，并得到了进行工作的主管当局的默示或明确， 并且，如果被接受，未经版权所有者书面同意，不得以相同的形式、英语或任何其他语言（包括电子方式）在其他地方发布。为了验证合规性，您的文章可能会通过Crossref相似性检查和其他原创性或重复性检查软件进行检查。
Preprints 预印本
Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier's sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).
请注意，预印本可以随时随地共享，符合爱思唯尔的共享政策。共享您的预印本，例如在预印本服务器上共享，将不算作先前发表（有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或并发发表”）。
Preprint posting on SSRN
在SSRN上发布预印本
In support of Open Science, this journal offers its authors a free preprint posting service. Preprints provide early registration and dissemination of your research, which facilitates early citations and collaboration.
为了支持开放科学，该期刊为其作者提供免费的预印本发布服务。预印本可以尽早注册和传播您的研究，从而促进早期引用和协作。
During submission to Editorial Manager, you can choose to release your manuscript publicly as a preprint on the preprint server SSRN once it enters peer-review with the journal. Your choice will have no effect on the editorial process or outcome with the journal. Please note that the corresponding author is expected to seek approval from all co-authors before agreeing to release the manuscript publicly on SSRN.
在提交给编辑经理期间，您可以选择在预印本服务器SSRN上以预印本的形式公开发布您的稿件，一旦该稿件进入期刊的同行评审。您的选择不会影响期刊的编辑过程或结果。请注意，通讯作者在同意在SSRN上公开发布稿件之前，应征得所有合著者的批准。
You will be notified via email when your preprint is posted online and a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned. Your preprint will remain globally available free to read whether the journal accepts or rejects your manuscript.
当您的预印本在线发布并分配数字对象标识符 （DOI） 时，您将收到电子邮件通知。无论期刊接受还是拒绝您的稿件，您的预印本都将在全球范围内免费提供，供您阅读。
For more information about posting to SSRN, please consult the SSRN Terms of Use and FAQs.
有关发布到 SSRN 的更多信息，请参阅 SSRN 使用条款和常见问题解答。
Use of inclusive language
使用包容性语言
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
包容性语言承认多样性，传达对所有人的尊重，对差异敏感，并促进机会均等。内容不应对任何读者的信念或承诺做出任何假设;不包含任何可能暗示一个人因年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况而优于另一个人的内容;并自始至终使用包容性语言。作者应确保写作没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。我们建议尽可能使用复数名词（“临床医生、患者/客户”）作为默认/避免使用“他、她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。我们建议避免使用涉及个人属性的描述符，例如年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况，除非它们相关且有效。使用编码术语时，建议避免使用冒犯性或排他性术语，例如“主”、“从”、“黑名单”和“白名单”。我们建议使用更合适且（自我）解释的替代方案，例如“主要”、“次要”、“阻止列表”和“允许列表”。这些指南旨在作为参考点，以帮助识别适当的语言，但绝不是详尽或确定的。
Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
报告基于性别和性别的分析
Reporting guidance 报告指南
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.
对于涉及或与人类、动物或真核细胞有关的研究，研究人员应根据资助者/申办者的要求和领域内的最佳实践，将性别和基于性别的分析 （SGBA） 整合到他们的研究设计中。作者应在文章中讨论其研究的性别和/或性别维度。在他们不能的情况下，他们应该讨论这作为他们研究的普遍性的限制。重要的是，作者应明确说明他们正在应用的性别和/或性别定义，以提高其研究的精确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指结构的歧义或混淆（见下面的定义部分）。作者可以参考 and Gender Equity in Research （SAGER） 指南和 SAGER 指南清单。这些为在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用和编辑审查性别和性别信息提供了系统的方法——但是，请注意，没有一套单一的、普遍同意的指导方针来定义性别和性别。
Definitions 定义
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (""sex assigned at birth""), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ""sex"" and ""gender"" can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.
性别通常是指与身体和生理特征（例如染色体基因型、荷尔蒙水平、内部和外部解剖结构）相关的一组生物学属性。二元性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定（“出生时分配的性别”），通常仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。性别通常是指女性、男性和性别多样化人群的社会建构角色、行为和身份，这些角色、行为和身份发生在历史和文化背景下，可能因社会和时间而异。性别影响着人们如何看待自己和彼此，他们的行为和互动方式以及权力在社会中的分配方式。性别和性别经常被错误地描绘成二元（女性/男性或女性/男性）并且保持不变，而这些结构实际上存在于一个光谱中，包括额外的性别分类和性别认同，例如双性人/有性发育差异 （DSD） 或被认定为非二元的人。此外，术语“性别”和“性别”可能模棱两可，因此作者必须定义它们的使用方式。除了本定义指南和 SAGER 指南外，本页面上的资源还提供了有关研究中性别和性别的进一步见解。
Author contributions 作者贡献
For transparency, we require corresponding authors to provide co-author contributions to the manuscript using the relevant CRediT roles. The CRediT taxonomy includes 14 different roles describing each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. The roles are: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; and Writing - review & editing. Note that not all roles may apply to every manuscript, and authors may have contributed through multiple roles. More details and an example.
为了透明起见，我们要求通讯作者使用相关的CRediT角色为稿件提供合著者的贡献。CRediT 分类法包括 14 个不同的角色，描述了每个贡献者对学术产出的具体贡献。角色是：概念化;数据管理;形式分析;资金获取;调查;方法论;项目管理;资源;软件;监督;验证;可视化;角色/写作 - 原稿;和写作 - 审查和编辑。请注意，并非所有角色都适用于每篇稿件，作者可能通过多个角色做出贡献。更多细节和示例。
Authorship 作者
All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted.
所有作者都应该对以下所有方面做出实质性贡献：（1）研究的构思和设计，或数据的获取，或数据的分析和解释，（2）起草文章或批判性地修改文章，以提供重要的知识内容，（3）最终批准要提交的版本。
Changes to authorship 对作者身份的更改
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
作者在提交稿件之前应仔细考虑作者名单和顺序，并在原始提交时提供最终的作者名单。在作者名单中对作者姓名的任何添加、删除或重新排列都应仅在稿件被接受之前进行，并且只有在期刊编辑批准的情况下才能进行。要请求此类更改，编辑必须从通讯作者处收到以下信息：（a） 更改作者列表的原因和 （b） 所有作者的书面确认（电子邮件、信件）他们同意添加、删除或重新排列。在添加或删除作者的情况下，这包括添加或删除作者的确认。
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
只有在特殊情况下，编辑才会考虑在稿件被接受后添加、删除或重新排列作者。在编辑考虑该请求期间，稿件的出版将被暂停。如果稿件已经在网上出版，编辑批准的任何请求都将导致更正。
Article transfer service 物品转运服务
This journal uses the Elsevier Article Transfer Service to find the best home for your manuscript. This means that if an editor feels your manuscript is more suitable for an alternative journal, you might be asked to consider transferring the manuscript to such a journal. The recommendation might be provided by a Journal Editor, a dedicated Scientific Managing Editor, a tool assisted recommendation, or a combination. If you agree, your manuscript will be transferred, though you will have the opportunity to make changes to the manuscript before the submission is complete. Please note that your manuscript will be independently reviewed by the new journal. More information.
本期刊使用爱思唯尔文章传输服务为您的稿件找到最佳归宿。这意味着，如果编辑认为您的稿件更适合其他期刊，您可能会被要求考虑将稿件转移到此类期刊。该建议可能由期刊编辑、专门的科学执行编辑、工具辅助推荐或两者兼而有之提供。如果您同意，您的稿件将被转移，但您将有机会在提交完成之前对稿件进行更改。请注意，您的稿件将由新期刊独立审稿。更多信息。
Copyright 版权
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (see more information on this). Permitted third party reuse of open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license.
文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份“许可协议”（参见更多信息）。允许第三方对开放获取文章的重复使用取决于作者对用户许可的选择。
Author rights 作者权利
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）拥有重复使用您的作品的某些权利。更多信息。
Elsevier supports responsible sharing
爱思唯尔支持负责任的分享
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
了解如何分享您在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的研究成果。
Role of the funding source
资金来源的作用
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this.
请您确定谁为研究和/或文章的准备提供了财务支持，并简要描述申办者（如果有）在研究设计中的作用;数据的收集、分析和解释;在撰写报告时;以及提交文章发表的决定。如果资金来源没有这种参与，建议说明这一点。
Open access 开放获取
Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.
请访问我们的开放获取页面，了解有关本期刊开放获取发表的更多信息。
Elsevier Researcher Academy
爱思唯尔研究者学院
Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.
Researcher Academy 是一个免费的电子学习平台，旨在在整个研究过程中为早期和中期职业研究人员提供支持。Researcher Academy 的“学习”环境提供了多个互动模块、网络研讨会、可下载的指南和资源，以指导您完成研究写作和同行评审的过程。随意使用这些免费资源来改进您的提交并轻松浏览发布过程。
Language (usage and editing services)
语言（使用和编辑服务）
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Language Services.
请用流利的英语写你的文字（接受美国或英国的使用，但不能混合使用）。如果作者认为自己的英语稿件可能需要编辑，以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语，则不妨使用爱思唯尔语言服务提供的语言编辑服务。
Submission 提交
Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
我们的在线提交系统将指导您逐步完成输入文章详细信息和上传文件的过程。系统会将您的文章文件转换为同行评审过程中使用的单个 PDF 文件。需要可编辑的文件（例如，Word、LaTeX）来排版您的文章以供最终发表。所有信件，包括编辑决定的通知和修改请求，均通过电子邮件发送。
Submit your article 提交您的文章
Please submit your article via Editorial Manager®
请通过 https://www.editorialmanager.com/egyr/default.aspx 提交您的文章
Referees 裁判
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names, addresses and e-mail addresses of four potential referees. Note that the editors retain the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
请在稿件中提交四位潜在推荐人的姓名、地址和电子邮件地址。请注意，编辑保留决定是否使用建议的审稿人的唯一权利。
Preparation 制备
Queries 查询
For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
有关编辑过程（包括正在审稿的状态）或提交的技术支持的问题，请访问我们的支持中心。
References 引用
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.
提交时对参考文献格式没有严格要求。引用可以采用任何样式或格式，只要样式一致即可。在适用的情况下，必须提供作者姓名、期刊名称/书名、章节标题/文章标题、出版年份、卷号/书籍章节以及文章编号或分页。强烈建议使用 DOI。期刊使用的参考文献格式将在校样阶段应用于爱思唯尔接受的文章。请注意，缺失的数据将在校对阶段突出显示，以便作者更正。
Formatting requirements 格式要求
There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
没有严格的格式要求，但所有稿件必须包含传达稿件所需的基本元素，例如摘要、关键词、引言、材料和方法、结果、结论、插图和带标题的表格。
If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
如果您的文章包含任何视频和/或其他补充材料，则应将其包含在您的初始提交中，以便进行同行评审。
Divide the article into clearly defined sections.
将文章划分为明确定义的部分。
Figures and tables embedded in text
文本中嵌入的图形和表格
Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the top of the file. The corresponding caption should be placed directly below the figure or table.
请确保单个文件中包含的图表和表格放在稿件中相关文本的旁边，而不是文件的底部或顶部。相应的标题应放在图或表的正下方。
Peer review 同行审查
This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
该期刊采用单一的匿名审稿流程。所有投稿将由编辑初步评估是否适合该期刊。然后，被认为合适的论文通常会被发送给至少两名独立的专家评审员，以评估论文的科学质量。编辑对文章的接受或拒绝负责最终决定。编辑的决定是最终决定。编辑不参与他们自己撰写的或由家庭成员或同事撰写的论文或与编辑感兴趣的产品或服务有关的论文的决定。任何此类投稿均须遵守期刊的所有常规程序，同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行。有关同行评议类型的更多信息。
REVISED SUBMISSIONS 经修订的意见书
Use of word processing software
使用文字处理软件
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). See also the section on Electronic artwork.
无论原始提交的文件格式如何，在修改时，您都必须向我们提供整篇文章的可编辑文件。使文本的布局尽可能简单。在处理文章时，大多数格式代码将被删除和替换。电子文本的准备方式应与传统稿件非常相似（另见《爱思唯尔出版指南》）。另请参阅“电子图稿”部分。
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.
为避免不必要的错误，强烈建议您使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。
LaTeX 乳胶
You are recommended to use the Elsevier article class elsarticle.cls to prepare your manuscript and BibTeX to generate your bibliography.
建议您使用爱思唯尔文章类elsarticle.cls来准备您的稿件，并使用BibTeX来生成您的参考书目。
Our LaTeX site has detailed submission instructions, templates and other information.
我们的 LaTeX 网站有详细的提交说明、模板和其他信息。
Article structure 文章结构
Subdivision - numbered sections
细分 - 编号部分
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
将您的文章划分为明确定义和编号的部分。小节应编号为 1.1（然后是 1.1.1、1.1.2 等）、1.2 等（摘要不包括在节编号中）。此编号也用于内部交叉引用：不要仅引用“文本”。任何小节都可以给出一个简短的标题。每个标题都应出现在其单独的行上。
Introduction 介绍
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
陈述工作目标并提供充分的背景，避免详细的文献调查或结果摘要。
Material and methods 材料与方法
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
提供足够的细节，以便独立研究人员复制作品。应对已经发表的方法进行总结，并用参考文献指出。如果直接从以前发布的方法引用，请使用引号并引用来源。还应描述对现有方法的任何修改。
Experimental 实验的
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
提供足够的细节，以便独立研究人员复制作品。应对已经发表的方法进行总结，并用参考文献指出。如果直接从以前发布的方法引用，请使用引号并引用来源。还应描述对现有方法的任何修改。
Theory/calculation 理论/计算
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
理论部分应该扩展而不是重复引言中已经处理过的文章的背景，并为进一步的工作奠定基础。相比之下，“计算”部分代表了理论基础的实际发展。
Results 结果
Results should be clear and concise.
结果应该清晰简洁。
Discussion 讨论
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
这应该探索工作结果的意义，而不是重复它们。将结果和讨论组合起来通常是合适的。避免大量引用和讨论已发表的文献。
Conclusions 结论
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
研究的主要结论可以在一个简短的结论部分中提出，该部分可以单独存在，也可以构成讨论或结果和讨论部分的子部分。
Data Availability 数据可用性
Authors are encouraged to include a 'Data Availability' section in their manuscript which is visible in ALL reading formats and may refer to data hosted in ANY repository. It should be placed before the references to provide readers with information about where they can obtain the research data required to reproduce the work reported in the manuscript, and typically consists of a simple sentence giving the URL(s) of and citation(s) to the dataset(s). Full information can be found here.
我们鼓励作者在稿件中加入“数据可用性”部分，该部分在所有阅读格式中都可见，并且可以引用任何存储库中托管的数据。它应该放在参考文献之前，为读者提供关于他们在哪里可以获得复制手稿中报告的工作所需的研究数据的信息，并且通常由一个简单的句子组成，给出数据集的 URL 和引用。完整的信息可以在这里找到。
Appendices 附录
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
如果有多个附录，应将其标识为 A、B 等。附录中的公式和方程式应单独编号：方程（A.1）、方程（A.2）等;在随后的附录中，方程（B.1）等。表格和数字也是如此：表A.1;图 A.1 等
Essential title page information
基本扉页信息
• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•标题。简明扼要，内容丰富。标题通常用于信息检索系统。尽可能避免使用缩写和公式。
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• 作者姓名和单位。请清楚地指出每位作者的姓名和姓氏，并检查所有姓名的拼写是否准确。您可以在自己的脚本中将您的名字添加到英文音译后面的括号之间。在姓名下方显示作者的单位地址（实际工作完成的地方）。在作者姓名之后和相应地址前面用小写上标字母表示所有隶属关系。提供每个隶属机构的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称和每个作者的电子邮件地址（如果有）。
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• 通讯作者。明确指出谁将在审稿和出版的所有阶段（包括出版后）处理通信。该职责包括回答未来有关方法和材料的任何疑问。确保提供电子邮件地址，并由通讯作者及时更新联系方式。
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
• 现在/永久地址。如果作者在文章中描述的工作完成后已经搬家，或者当时正在访问，则可以将“现在的地址”（或“永久地址”）作为该作者姓名的脚注。必须保留作者实际完成作品的地址作为主要隶属关系地址。此类脚注使用上标阿拉伯数字。
Highlights 突出
Highlights are optional yet highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the example Highlights.
本期刊的亮点是可选的，但强烈鼓励，因为它们增加了你的文章在搜索引擎上的可发现性。它们由一小撮要点组成，这些要点捕捉了您的研究的新结果以及研究期间使用的新方法（如果有的话）。请看一下示例亮点。
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).
亮点应在在线提交系统中以单独的可编辑文件形式提交。请在文件名中使用“亮点”，并包含 3 到 5 个项目符号（每个项目符号最多 85 个字符，包括空格）。
Abstract 抽象
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
需要简明扼要的摘要。摘要应简要说明研究目的、主要结果和主要结论。摘要通常与文章分开呈现，因此它必须能够独立存在。因此，应避免参考文献，但如果有必要，请引用作者和年份。此外，应避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写，但如果有必要，则必须在摘要中首次提及时定义它们。
Graphical abstract 图形摘要
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
虽然图形摘要是可选的，但鼓励使用它，因为它会引起人们对在线文章的更多关注。图形摘要应以简洁的图形形式总结文章的内容，旨在吸引广大读者的注意力。图形摘要应作为单独文件提交在线提交系统。图片尺寸：请提供至少 531 × 1328 像素（高×宽）或更大的图片。使用 5 dpi 的常规屏幕分辨率，图像应以 5 × 13 厘米的尺寸可读。首选文件类型：TIFF、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件。您可以在我们的信息网站上查看示例图形摘要。
Keywords 关键字
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
在摘要之后，立即提供最多 6 个关键字，使用美式拼写，避免使用一般和复数术语以及多个概念（避免，例如，“and”、“of”）。避免使用缩写：只有在该领域牢固确立的缩写才有资格。这些关键字将用于索引目的。
Acknowledgements 确认
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
在文章末尾的参考文献之前的单独部分中整理致谢，因此，不要将它们包含在标题页上，作为标题的脚注或其他方式。在这里列出那些在研究期间提供帮助的人（例如，提供语言帮助、写作帮助或校对文章等）。
Formatting of funding sources
资金来源的格式
List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
以以下标准方式列出资金来源，以促进符合资助者的要求：
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
资金：这项工作得到了美国国立卫生研究院的支持 [资助号 xxxx， yyyy];比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，华盛顿州西雅图[授权号zzzz];以及美国和平研究所（United States Institutes of Peace）[授权号AAAA]。
It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
没有必要包括对计划或赠款和奖励类型的详细说明。当资金来自大学、学院或其他研究机构可用的整笔赠款或其他资源时，请提交提供资金的研究所或组织的名称。
If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
如果没有为研究提供资金，建议包括以下句子：
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
这项研究没有从公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构获得任何具体的资助。
Units 单位
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
遵循国际公认的规则和惯例：使用国际单位制 （SI）。如果提到其他单位，请以国际单位制给出等价物。
Math formulae 数学公式
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
请以可编辑文本的形式提交数学方程式，而不是以图像形式提交。在可能的情况下，根据普通文本呈现简单的公式，并使用实线 （/） 代替水平线表示小分数项，例如 X/Y。原则上，变量应以斜体表示。e 的幂通常更方便地用 exp 表示。连续编号必须与文本分开显示的任何方程式（如果在文本中明确提及）。
Footnotes 脚注
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.
脚注应谨慎使用。在整篇文章中连续编号。许多文字处理器在文本中内置脚注，可以使用此功能。如果不是这种情况，请指出脚注在正文中的位置，并在文章末尾单独列出脚注本身。
Artwork 艺术品
Image manipulation 图像处理
Whilst it is accepted that authors sometimes need to manipulate images for clarity, manipulation for purposes of deception or fraud will be seen as scientific ethical abuse and will be dealt with accordingly. For graphical images, this journal is applying the following policy: no specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Nonlinear adjustments (e.g. changes to gamma settings) must be disclosed in the figure legend.
虽然人们普遍认为作者有时需要操纵图像以使其清晰，但出于欺骗或欺诈目的的操纵将被视为科学道德滥用，并将受到相应的处理。对于图形图像，本期刊将应用以下策略：图像中的任何特定特征都不得被增强、遮挡、移动、删除或引入。亮度、对比度或色彩平衡的调整是可以接受的，只要它们不会遮挡或消除原稿中存在的任何信息。非线性调整（例如，更改伽玛设置）必须在图例中披露。
Electronic artwork 电子艺术品
General points 一般要点
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• 确保使用原始图稿的统一字体和尺寸。
• Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
• 首选字体：Arial（或 Helvetica）、Times New Roman（或 Times）、Symbol、Courier。
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• 根据插图在文本中的顺序对插图进行编号。
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• 对图稿文件使用逻辑命名约定。
• Indicate per figure if it is a single, 1.5 or 2-column fitting image.
• 按图指示是单列、1.5 列还是 2 列拟合图像。
• For Word submissions only, you may still provide figures and their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.
• 仅对于 Word 提交，您仍然可以在修订阶段在单个文件中提供图表及其标题和表格。
• Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be provided in separate source files.
• 请注意，大于 10 MB 的单个图形文件必须在单独的源文件中提供。
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
电子艺术品的详细指南可用。
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
我们敦促您访问本网站;这里给出了一些详细信息的摘录。
Formats 格式
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
无论使用何种应用程序，当您的电子图稿定稿时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意下面给出的线条图、半色调和线/半色调组合的分辨率要求）：
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
EPS（或 PDF）：矢量图。嵌入字体或将文本另存为“图形”。
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPG）：彩色或灰度照片（半色调）：始终使用至少 300 dpi。
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPG）：位图线图：至少使用 1000 dpi。
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
TIFF（或 JPG）：位图线/半色调（彩色或灰度）组合：至少需要 500 dpi。
Please do not: 请不要：
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
• 提供针对屏幕使用进行优化的文件（例如，GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）;分辨率太低。
• Supply files that are too low in resolution.
• 提供分辨率过低的文件。
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
• 提交的图片与内容不成比例地大。
Figure captions 图说明
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
确保每个插图都有标题。标题应包括简短的标题（而不是插图本身）和插图说明。将插图本身中的文字保持在最低限度，但解释所有使用的符号和缩写。
Tables 表
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
请以可编辑文本的形式提交表格，而不是以图像形式提交表格。表格可以放在文章中的相关文本旁边，也可以放在末尾的单独页面上。根据表格在文本中的外观连续编号表格，并将所有表格注释放在表格正文下方。在使用表格时要谨慎，并确保表格中提供的数据不会与本文其他地方描述的结果重复。请避免在表格单元格中使用竖排规则和底纹。
Citation in text 文本中的引用
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
请确保文中引用的每个参考文献也出现在参考文献列表中（反之亦然）。摘要中引用的任何参考文献必须完整给出。未发表的结果和个人通信不建议在参考文献列表中，但可能会在正文中提及。如果这些参考文献包含在参考文献列表中，它们应遵循期刊的标准参考文献格式，并应包括用“未发表的结果”或“个人通信”代替出版日期。引用参考文献为“出版中”意味着该项目已被接受出版。
Data references 数据参考
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
该期刊鼓励您在稿件中引用基础或相关数据集，方法是在文本中引用它们，并在参考文献列表中包含数据参考。数据引用应包括以下元素：作者姓名、数据集标题、数据存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全局持久标识符。在引用之前添加 [dataset]，以便我们可以正确地将其标识为数据引用。[dataset] 标识符不会出现在您发布的文章中。
Preprint references 预印本参考文献
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
如果预印本随后作为同行评议的出版物提供，则应以正式出版物为参考。如果有一些预印本对你的工作至关重要，或者涵盖了该主题的关键发展，但尚未正式出版，则可以参考这些预印本。预印本应明确标明，例如在参考文献中包含预印本一词或预印本服务器的名称。还应提供预印本 DOI。
References in a special issue
特刊中的参考文献
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
请确保将“本期”字样添加到列表中对同一特刊中其他文章的任何参考文献（以及正文中的任何引用）中。
Reference management software
参考文献管理软件
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.
大多数爱思唯尔期刊在许多最流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了参考文献模板。其中包括支持引文样式语言样式的所有产品，例如 Mendeley。使用这些产品的引文插件，作者只需在准备文章时选择合适的期刊模板，之后引文和参考书目将自动格式化为期刊的样式。如果本期刊尚无可用的模板，请遵循本指南中所示的参考文献和引文样本的格式。如果您使用参考文献管理软件，请确保在提交电子稿件之前删除所有字段代码。有关如何从不同的参考文献管理软件中删除字段代码的更多信息。
Reference formatting 引用格式
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:
提交时对参考文献格式没有严格要求。引用可以采用任何样式或格式，只要样式一致即可。在适用的情况下，必须提供作者姓名、期刊名称/书名、章节标题/文章标题、出版年份、卷号/书籍章节以及文章编号或分页。强烈建议使用 DOI。期刊使用的参考文献格式将在校样阶段应用于爱思唯尔接受的文章。请注意，缺失的数据将在校对阶段突出显示，以便作者更正。如果您确实希望自己设置引用的格式，则应根据以下示例进行排列：
Reference style 参考样式
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
正文：文中所有引文均应提及：
1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
1、单一作者：作者姓名（不带首字母缩写，除非有歧义）和出版年份;
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
2、作者二人：作者姓名和出版年份;
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
3. 三位或三位以上作者：第一作者姓名，后跟“et al.”和出版年份。
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references can be listed either first alphabetically, then chronologically, or vice versa.
可以直接（或括号）引用。参考文献组可以先按字母顺序列出，然后按时间顺序列出，反之亦然。
Examples: 'as demonstrated (Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999)…. Or, as demonstrated (Jones, 1999; Allan, 2000)… Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown …'
例如：“如上所述（Allan， 2000a， 2000b， 1999;艾伦和琼斯，1999 年）....或者，如上所述（Jones，1999;艾伦，2000 年）...Kramer等人（2010）最近表明......”
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.
列表：参考文献应首先按字母顺序排列，然后在必要时按时间顺序进一步排序。同一年份同一作者的多篇参考文献必须用字母“a”、“b”、“c”等标识，放在出版年份之后。
Examples: 例子：
Reference to a journal publication:
期刊出版物的参考文献：
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Van der Geer， J.， Hanraads， J.A.J.， Lupton， R.A.， 2010.撰写科学文章的艺术。J. Sci. Commun.163, 51–59.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372。
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
引用带有文章编号的期刊出版物：
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 19, e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Van der Geer， J.， Hanraads， J.A.J.， 卢普顿， R.A.， 2018.撰写科学文章的艺术。赫利永。19、E00205。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205。
Reference to a book:
参考一本书：
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman, New York.
Strunk Jr.， W.， White， E.B.， 2000.The Elements of Style，第四版，朗文，纽约。
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
引用编辑过的书中的章节：
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 2009. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.
Mettam， GR， Adams， LB， 2009.如何准备文章的电子版，收录于：Jones， B.S.， Smith ， R.Z. （Eds.）， Introduction to the Electronic Age.E-Publishing Inc.，纽约，第 281-304 页。
Reference to a website: 对网站的引用：
Cancer Research UK, 1975. Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/ (accessed 13 March 2003).
英国癌症研究中心，1975 年。英国的癌症统计报告。http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/（2003年3月13日查阅）。
Reference to a dataset: 对数据集的引用：
[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T., 2015. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
[数据集]小黑，M.，今弘，S.，斋藤，S.，中冢，T.，2015 年。日本橡树枯萎病和周围森林成分的死亡率数据。Mendeley Data，v1。https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1。
Reference to software: 软件参考：
Coon, E., Berndt, M., Jan, A., Svyatsky, D., Atchley, A., Kikinzon, E., Harp, D., Manzini, G., Shelef, E., Lipnikov, K., Garimella, R., Xu, C., Moulton, D., Karra, S., Painter, S., Jafarov, E., & Molins, S., 2020. Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) v0.88 (Version 0.88). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209.
Coon， E.， Berndt， M.， Jan， A.， Svyatsky， D.， Atchley， A.， Kikinzon， E.， Harp， D.， Manzini， G.， Shelef， E.， Lipnikov， K.， Garimella， R.， Xu， C.， Moulton， D.， Karra， S.， Painter， S.， Jafarov， E.， & Molins， S.， 2020.高级地面模拟器 （ATS） v0.88（版本 0.88）。芝诺多。https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209。
Journal abbreviations source
期刊缩写来源
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.
期刊名称应根据标题词缩写列表进行缩写。
Video 视频
Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
爱思唯尔接受视频资料和动画序列来支持和加强您的科学研究。强烈建议有视频或动画文件的作者在文章正文中包含指向这些文件的链接。这可以通过与图形或表格相同的方式完成，方法是参考视频或动画内容并在正文中注明应放置的位置。所有提交的文件都应正确标记，以便它们与视频文件的内容直接相关。为了确保您的视频或动画材料可直接使用，请以我们推荐的文件格式之一提供文件，每个文件的首选最大大小为 150 MB，总共 1 GB。所提供的视频和动画文件将以电子版的形式在爱思唯尔网络产品（包括ScienceDirect）中在线发布。请在您的文件中提供“静止图像”：您可以从视频或动画中选择任何一帧，也可以制作单独的图像。这些将代替标准图标，并将个性化指向您的视频数据的链接。有关更详细的说明，请访问我们的视频说明页面。注意：由于视频和动画不能嵌入到期刊的印刷版中，请为文章中引用此内容的部分提供电子版和印刷版的文本。
Supplementary material 补充材料
Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.
补充材料，如应用程序、图像和声音剪辑，可以与您的文章一起发布，以增强它。提交的补充项目将与收到的完全相同（Excel 或 PowerPoint 文件将在线显示）。请将您的材料与文章一起提交，并为每个补充文件提供简明扼要的描述性标题。如果您希望在流程的任何阶段对补充材料进行更改，请务必提供更新的文件。不要对以前版本的任何更正进行批注。请关闭 Microsoft Office 文件中的“跟踪更改”选项，因为这些选项将显示在已发布的版本中。
Research data 研究数据
This journal requires and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
该期刊要求并使您能够在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的数据，并使您能够将数据与您发表的文章相互链接。研究数据是指验证研究结果的观察或实验结果，其中还可能包括与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用材料。
Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. When sharing data in one of these ways, you are expected to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the "References" section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
您可以通过以下几种方式将数据与文章相关联，或在提交稿件时声明数据的可用性。当以这些方式之一共享数据时，您应该在稿件和参考文献列表中引用数据。有关数据引用的更多信息，请参阅“参考文献”部分。有关存储、共享和使用研究数据和其他相关研究材料的更多信息，请访问研究数据页面。
Data linking 数据链接
If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.
如果您已在数据存储库中提供您的研究数据，则可以将您的文章直接链接到数据集。爱思唯尔与多个存储库合作，将ScienceDirect上的文章与相关存储库链接起来，使读者能够访问基础数据，从而更好地了解所描述的研究。
There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.
有多种方法可以将数据集链接到文章。如果可用，您可以通过在提交系统中提供相关信息来直接将数据集链接到您的文章。有关更多信息，请访问数据库链接页面。
For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
对于受支持的数据存储库，存储库横幅将自动显示在您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章旁边。
In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
此外，您可以使用以下格式通过稿件文本中的标识符链接到相关数据或实体：数据库：xxxx（例如，TAIR：AT1G01020;中央商业中心：734053;PDB：1XFN）。
To maximise the visibility of your data, authors are invited to add a citation to their datasets by including a data reference in their Reference List as per the 'Data References' instructions elsewhere on this page.
为了最大限度地提高数据的可见性，我们邀请作者按照本页其他地方的“数据参考文献”说明，将数据参考文献添加到他们的数据集中，方法是将数据参考文献添加到他们的数据集中。
Research Elements 研究要素
This journal enables you to publish research objects related to your original research – such as data, methods, protocols, software and hardware – as an additional paper in a Research Elements journal.
该期刊使您能够将与您的原始研究相关的研究对象（例如数据、方法、协议、软件和硬件）作为附加论文发表在 Research Elements 期刊上。
Research Elements is a suite of peer-reviewed, open access journals which make your research objects findable, accessible and reusable. Articles place research objects into context by providing detailed descriptions of objects and their application, and linking to the associated original research articles. Research Elements articles can be prepared by you, or by one of your collaborators.
Research Elements 是一套经过同行评审的开放获取期刊，可让您的研究对象可查找、访问和重复使用。文章通过提供对象及其应用的详细描述，并链接到相关的原始研究文章，将研究对象置于上下文中。Research Elements 文章可以由您或您的一位合作者准备。
During submission, you will be alerted to the opportunity to prepare and submit a manuscript to one of the Research Elements journals.
在投稿过程中，您将被告知有机会准备稿件并将其提交给Research Elements期刊之一。
More information can be found on the Research Elements page.
更多信息可以在“研究要素”页面上找到。
Data statement 数据报表
To foster transparency, we require you to state the availability of your data in your submission if your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post. This may also be a requirement of your funding body or institution. You will have the opportunity to provide a data statement during the submission process. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page..
为了提高透明度，如果您的数据无法访问或不适合发布，我们要求您在提交中说明您的数据的可用性。这也可能是您的资助机构或机构的要求。您将有机会在提交过程中提供数据声明。该声明将与您在ScienceDirect上发表的文章一起出现。有关更多信息，请访问“数据声明”页面。
After acceptance 验收后
Online proof correction 在线校样校对
To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
为确保文章的快速发表过程，我们恳请作者在两天内向我们提供校对更正。通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含指向我们在线校对系统的链接，允许在线注释和更正校样。环境类似于 MS Word：除了编辑文本外，您还可以在文案编辑器中对图形/表格进行评论并回答问题。基于 Web 的校对允许您直接输入更正，从而消除了潜在的错误引入，从而提供了更快、更不容易出错的过程。
If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.
如果愿意，您仍然可以选择在 PDF 版本上注释和上传您的编辑内容。所有校对说明都将在我们发送给作者的电子邮件中提供，包括在线版本和 PDF 的替代方法。
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
我们将尽一切可能使您的文章快速准确地发表。请仅用于检查正文、表格和图表的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。对接受发表的文章进行重大更改，只有在获得编辑许可的情况下才会在此阶段进行考虑。重要的是要确保在一次通信中将所有更正发回给我们。请在回复前仔细检查，因为无法保证包含任何后续更正。校对完全由您负责。
Offprints 印刷品
The corresponding author will be notified and receive a link to the published version of the open access article on ScienceDirect. This link is in the form of an article DOI link which can be shared via email and social networks. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication.
通讯作者将收到通知，并收到ScienceDirect上开放获取文章的已发表版本的链接。该链接采用文章 DOI 链接的形式，可以通过电子邮件和社交网络共享。需要额外付费，可以通过文章被接受出版后发送的印刷订单订购纸质印刷品。
Author inquiries 作者咨询
For inquiries relating to Energy Reports please visit our Support Center. You can track accepted articles at Article tracking | Editors | Elsevier and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.
有关能源报告的查询，请访问我们的支持中心。您可以在 https://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle 上跟踪已接受的文章，并设置电子邮件警报，以便在文章的状态发生更改时通知您。还可以从这里访问有关版权、常见问题等的信息。对于文章接受后出现的问题，尤其是与校样有关的问题，将由出版商提供联系方式。
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