信道各分量的自相关和功率谱
<
T
c
1
T
c
2
>
=
<
T
s
1
T
s
2
>
=
g
(
τ
)
<T_{c1}T_{c2}>=<T_{s1}T_{s2}>=g(\tau)
<Tc1Tc2>=<Ts1Ts2>=g(τ)
<
T
c
1
T
s
2
>
=
−
<
T
s
1
T
c
2
>
=
h
(
τ
)
(1.3-1)
<T_{c1}T_{s2}>=-<T_{s1}T_{c2}>=h(\tau) \tag {1.3-1}
<Tc1Ts2>=−<Ts1Tc2>=h(τ)(1.3-1)
g
(
τ
)
=
∫
f
c
−
f
m
f
c
+
f
m
S
i
(
f
)
cos
(
2
π
(
f
−
f
c
)
τ
)
d
f
(1.3-2)
g(\tau)=\int_{f_c-f_m}^{f_c+f_m} S_i(f)\cos (2\pi(f-f_c)\tau) df \tag {1.3-2}
g(τ)=∫fc−fmfc+fmSi(f)cos(2π(f−fc)τ)df(1.3-2)
h
(
τ
)
=
∫
f
c
−
f
m
f
c
+
f
m
S
i
(
f
)
sin
(
2
π
(
f
−
f
c
)
τ
)
d
f
(1.3-3)
h(\tau)=\int_{f_c-f_m}^{f_c+f_m} S_i(f)\sin (2\pi(f-f_c)\tau) df \tag {1.3-3}
h(τ)=∫fc−fmfc+fmSi(f)sin(2π(f−fc)τ)df(1.3-3)
(1) 对于电场分量
g
(
τ
)
=
b
0
J
0
(
ω
m
τ
)
g(\tau)=b_0J_0(\omega_m\tau)
g(τ)=b0J0(ωmτ)
简单证明:代人电场的功率谱,设
f
−
f
c
=
f
m
cos
α
f-f_c=f_m \cos\alpha
f−fc=fmcosα,
g
(
τ
)
=
3
b
2
π
∫
0
π
cos
(
ω
m
τ
cos
α
)
d
α
=
b
0
J
0
(
ω
m
τ
)
.
g(\tau)={3b\over 2\pi }\int_0^\pi \cos(\omega_m\tau\cos\alpha)d\alpha=b_0J_0(\omega_m\tau).
g(τ)=2π3b∫0πcos(ωmτcosα)dα=b0J0(ωmτ).
(2) 对于磁场
x
x
x 分量
g
(
τ
)
=
b
0
H
(
J
0
(
ω
m
τ
)
+
J
2
(
ω
m
τ
)
)
g(\tau)=b_{0H}(J_0(\omega_m\tau)+J_2(\omega_m\tau))
g(τ)=b0H(J0(ωmτ)+J2(ωmτ))
简单证明:代人磁场
x
x
x 分量的功率谱,设
f
−
f
c
=
f
m
cos
α
f-f_c=f_m \cos\alpha
f−fc=fmcosα,
g
(
τ
)
=
3
b
2
π
∫
0
π
sin
2
α
cos
(
ω
m
τ
cos
α
)
d
α
=
3
b
4
π
∫
0
π
[
1
+
(
1
−
2
cos
2
α
)
]
cos
(
ω
m
τ
cos
α
)
d
α
=
b
0
H
(
J
0
(
ω
m
τ
)
+
J
2
(
ω
m
τ
)
)
.
\begin{aligned}g(\tau)&={3b\over 2\pi }\int_0^\pi \sin^2\alpha\cos(\omega_m\tau\cos\alpha)d\alpha\\&={3b\over 4\pi }\int_0^\pi [1+(1-2\cos^2\alpha)]\cos(\omega_m\tau\cos\alpha)d\alpha\\ &=b_{0H}(J_0(\omega_m\tau)+J_2(\omega_m\tau))\end{aligned}.
g(τ)=2π3b∫0πsin2αcos(ωmτcosα)dα=4π3b∫0π[1+(1−2cos2α)]cos(ωmτcosα)dα=b0H(J0(ωmτ)+J2(ωmτ)). 最后等号是由于
∫
0
π
(
1
−
2
cos
2
α
)
cos
(
ω
m
τ
cos
α
)
d
α
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
(
−
1
)
k
[
(
ω
m
τ
)
2
k
(
2
k
−
1
)
!
!
(
2
k
)
!
(
2
k
)
!
!
−
2
(
ω
m
τ
)
2
k
(
2
k
+
1
)
!
!
(
2
k
)
!
(
2
k
+
2
)
!
!
]
=
∑
k
=
1
∞
(
−
1
)
k
(
ω
m
τ
/
2
)
2
k
[
−
1
(
k
−
1
)
!
(
k
+
1
)
!
]
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
(
−
1
)
k
(
ω
m
τ
/
2
)
2
k
+
2
[
1
(
k
)
!
(
k
+
2
)
!
]
=
J
2
(
ω
m
τ
)
)
\begin{aligned}&\int_0^\pi (1-2\cos^2\alpha)\cos(\omega_m\tau\cos\alpha)d\alpha\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^\infty(-1)^k\left[{(\omega_m\tau)^{2k}(2k-1)!!\over (2k)!(2k)!!}-{2(\omega_m\tau)^{2k}(2k+1)!!\over (2k)!(2k+2)!!}\right]\\ &=\sum_{k=1}^\infty(-1)^k(\omega_m\tau/2)^{2k}\left[{-1\over (k-1)!(k+1)!}\right]\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^\infty(-1)^k(\omega_m\tau/2)^{2k+2}\left[{1\over (k)!(k+2)!}\right]=J_2(\omega_m\tau))\end{aligned}
∫0π(1−2cos2α)cos(ωmτcosα)dα=k=0∑∞(−1)k[(2k)!(2k)!!(ωmτ)2k(2k−1)!!−(2k)!(2k+2)!!2(ωmτ)2k(2k+1)!!]=k=1∑∞(−1)k(ωmτ/2)2k[(k−1)!(k+1)!−1]=k=0∑∞(−1)k(ωmτ/2)2k+2[(k)!(k+2)!1]=J2(ωmτ))
(3) 对于磁场
y
y
y 分量
g
(
τ
)
=
b
0
H
(
J
0
(
ω
m
τ
)
−
J
2
(
ω
m
τ
)
)
g(\tau)=b_{0H}(J_0(\omega_m\tau)-J_2(\omega_m\tau))
g(τ)=b0H(J0(ωmτ)−J2(ωmτ))
简单证明:代人磁场
x
x
x 分量的功率谱,设
f
−
f
c
=
f
m
cos
α
f-f_c=f_m \cos\alpha
f−fc=fmcosα,
g
(
τ
)
=
3
b
2
π
∫
0
π
cos
2
α
cos
(
ω
m
τ
cos
α
)
d
α
=
3
b
4
π
∫
0
π
[
1
−
(
1
−
2
cos
2
α
)
]
cos
(
ω
m
τ
cos
α
)
d
α
=
b
0
H
(
J
0
(
ω
m
τ
)
−
J
2
(
ω
m
τ
)
)
.
\begin{aligned}g(\tau)&={3b\over 2\pi }\int_0^\pi \cos^2\alpha\cos(\omega_m\tau\cos\alpha)d\alpha\\&={3b\over 4\pi }\int_0^\pi [1-(1-2\cos^2\alpha)]\cos(\omega_m\tau\cos\alpha)d\alpha\\ &=b_{0H}(J_0(\omega_m\tau)-J_2(\omega_m\tau))\end{aligned}.
g(τ)=2π3b∫0πcos2αcos(ωmτcosα)dα=4π3b∫0π[1−(1−2cos2α)]cos(ωmτcosα)dα=b0H(J0(ωmτ)−J2(ωmτ)).
信号的矩
b
n
=
(
2
π
)
n
∫
f
c
−
f
m
f
c
+
f
m
S
i
(
f
)
(
f
−
f
c
)
n
d
f
(1.3-4)
b_n=(2\pi)^n\int_{f_c-f_m}^{f_c+f_m} S_i(f)(f-f_c)^n df \tag {1.3-4}
bn=(2π)n∫fc−fmfc+fmSi(f)(f−fc)ndf(1.3-4)
对于电场分量
b
n
=
b
0
ω
m
n
1
⋅
3
⋯
(
n
−
1
)
2
⋅
4
⋯
n
,
b
0
=
1.5
b
=
3
E
0
2
4
(1.3-6)
b_n=b_0 \omega_m^n{1\cdot 3\cdots (n-1)\over 2\cdot 4 \cdots n }, \quad b_0=1.5b={3E_0^2\over 4}\tag {1.3-6}
bn=b0ωmn2⋅4⋯n1⋅3⋯(n−1),b0=1.5b=43E02(1.3-6)
证明:对于电场分量,由(1.2-11)
S
i
(
f
)
=
3
b
ω
m
[
1
−
(
f
−
f
c
f
m
)
2
]
−
1
/
2
S_i(f)={3b\over \omega_m}\left[1-\left({f-fc\over f_m}\right)^2\right]^{-1/2}
Si(f)=ωm3b[1−(fmf−fc)2]−1/2
b
n
=
(
2
π
)
n
∫
f
c
−
f
m
f
c
+
f
m
3
b
ω
m
[
1
−
(
f
−
f
c
f
m
)
2
]
−
1
/
2
(
f
−
f
c
)
n
d
f
b_n=(2\pi)^n\int_{f_c-f_m}^{f_c+f_m} {3b\over \omega_m}\left[1-\left({f-fc\over f_m}\right)^2\right]^{-1/2}(f-f_c)^n df
bn=(2π)n∫fc−fmfc+fmωm3b[1−(fmf−fc)2]−1/2(f−fc)ndf 令
f
−
f
c
=
f
m
cos
α
f-f_c=f_m \cos\alpha
f−fc=fmcosα,
b
n
=
ω
m
n
∫
−
1
1
3
b
ω
m
sin
−
1
α
cos
n
α
f
m
d
(
cos
α
)
=
3
b
ω
m
n
2
π
∫
π
0
−
cos
n
α
d
α
=
3
b
ω
m
n
2
1
⋅
3
⋯
(
n
−
1
)
2
⋅
4
⋯
n
b_n=\omega_m^n\int_{-1}^1 {3b\over \omega_m}\sin^{-1}\alpha\cos^n\alpha f_m\ d (\cos\alpha) \\ ={3b \omega_m^n\over 2\pi }\int_{\pi}^0 -\cos^n\alpha d \alpha={3b \omega_m^n\over 2 }{1\cdot 3\cdots (n-1)\over 2\cdot 4 \cdots n }
bn=ωmn∫−11ωm3bsin−1αcosnαfm d(cosα)=2π3bωmn∫π0−cosnαdα=23bωmn2⋅4⋯n1⋅3⋯(n−1) 证毕。
包络自相关和功率谱
窄带高斯过程包络的自相关为
R
r
(
τ
)
=
π
2
b
0
F
[
−
1
2
,
−
1
2
;
1
;
ρ
2
(
τ
)
]
,
(1.3-12)
R_r(\tau)={\pi\over 2}b_0F[-{1\over2},-{1\over2};1; \rho^2(\tau)],\tag {1.3-12}
Rr(τ)=2πb0F[−21,−21;1;ρ2(τ)],(1.3-12) 其中
ρ
2
(
τ
)
]
=
1
b
0
2
[
g
2
(
τ
)
+
h
2
(
τ
)
]
(1.3-13)
\rho^2(\tau)]={1\over b_0^2}[g^2(\tau)+h^2(\tau)] \tag {1.3-13}
ρ2(τ)]=b021[g2(τ)+h2(τ)](1.3-13)
证明:
设
x
c
1
=
x
c
(
t
)
,
x
s
1
=
x
s
(
t
)
,
x
c
2
=
x
c
(
t
+
τ
)
,
x
s
2
=
x
s
(
t
+
τ
)
x_{c1}=x_c(t),\ x_{s1}=x_s(t),\ x_{c2}=x_c(t+\tau),\ x_{s2}=x_s(t+\tau)
xc1=xc(t), xs1=xs(t), xc2=xc(t+τ), xs2=xs(t+τ), 随机变量
x
c
1
,
x
s
1
,
x
c
2
,
x
s
2
x_{c1},\ x_{s1},\ x_{c2},\ x_{s2}
xc1, xs1, xc2, xs2 的相关阵为 [2]
Λ
=
[
σ
x
2
0
R
c
(
τ
)
R
c
s
(
τ
)
0
σ
x
2
−
R
c
s
(
τ
)
R
c
(
τ
)
R
c
(
τ
)
−
R
c
s
(
τ
)
σ
x
2
0
R
c
s
(
τ
)
R
c
(
τ
)
0
σ
x
2
]
(B.1)
\Lambda=\begin{bmatrix}\sigma_x^2 & 0& R_c(\tau)& R_{cs}(\tau)\\ 0&\sigma_x^2 &-R_{cs}(\tau)& R_c(\tau)\\ R_c(\tau)& -R_{cs}(\tau) &\sigma_x^2&0\\ R_{cs}(\tau)& R_c(\tau)&0& \sigma_x^2\end{bmatrix} \tag {B.1}
Λ=⎣⎢⎢⎡σx20Rc(τ)Rcs(τ)0σx2−Rcs(τ)Rc(τ)Rc(τ)−Rcs(τ)σx20Rcs(τ)Rc(τ)0σx2⎦⎥⎥⎤(B.1)
行列式
∣
Λ
∣
=
[
σ
x
4
−
R
c
2
(
τ
)
−
R
c
s
2
(
τ
)
]
2
(B.2)
|\Lambda|=[\sigma_x^4-R_c^2(\tau)-R_{cs}^2(\tau)]^2 \tag {B.2}
∣Λ∣=[σx4−Rc2(τ)−Rcs2(τ)]2(B.2)
相关阵的逆
Λ
−
1
=
∣
Λ
∣
−
1
/
2
[
σ
x
2
0
−
R
c
(
τ
)
−
R
c
s
(
τ
)
0
σ
x
2
R
c
s
(
τ
)
−
R
c
(
τ
)
−
R
c
(
τ
)
R
c
s
(
τ
)
σ
x
2
0
−
R
c
s
(
τ
)
−
R
c
(
τ
)
0
σ
x
2
]
(B.3)
\Lambda^{-1}=|\Lambda|^{-1/2}\begin{bmatrix}\sigma_x^2 & 0& -R_c(\tau)& -R_{cs}(\tau)\\ 0&\sigma_x^2 &R_{cs}(\tau)& -R_c(\tau)\\ -R_c(\tau)& R_{cs}(\tau) &\sigma_x^2&0\\ -R_{cs}(\tau)& -R_c(\tau)&0& \sigma_x^2\end{bmatrix} \tag {B.3}
Λ−1=∣Λ∣−1/2⎣⎢⎢⎡σx20−Rc(τ)−Rcs(τ)0σx2Rcs(τ)−Rc(τ)−Rc(τ)Rcs(τ)σx20−Rcs(τ)−Rc(τ)0σx2⎦⎥⎥⎤(B.3)
功率密度函数
p
(
x
c
1
,
x
s
1
,
x
c
2
,
x
s
2
)
=
1
4
π
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
⋅
exp
[
−
1
2
(
x
c
1
,
x
s
1
,
x
c
2
,
x
s
2
)
Λ
−
1
(
x
c
1
,
x
s
1
,
x
c
2
,
x
s
2
)
T
]
(B.4)
p(x_{c1},x_{s1},x_{c2},x_{s2})={1\over 4\pi^2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\\\cdot\exp\left[-{1\over 2}(x_{c1},x_{s1},x_{c2},x_{s2})\Lambda^{-1}(x_{c1},x_{s1},x_{c2},x_{s2})^T\right] \tag {B.4}
p(xc1,xs1,xc2,xs2)=4π2∣Λ∣1/21⋅exp[−21(xc1,xs1,xc2,xs2)Λ−1(xc1,xs1,xc2,xs2)T](B.4) 由
d
x
c
1
d
x
s
1
d
x
c
2
d
x
s
2
=
r
1
r
2
d
r
1
d
r
2
d
ϕ
1
d
ϕ
2
(B.5)
dx_{c1}dx_{s1}dx_{c2}dx_{s2}=r_1r_2dr_1dr_2d\phi_1d\phi_2 \tag {B.5}
dxc1dxs1dxc2dxs2=r1r2dr1dr2dϕ1dϕ2(B.5) 可得
p
(
r
1
,
θ
1
,
r
2
,
θ
2
)
=
r
1
r
2
4
π
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
⋅
exp
[
−
σ
x
2
(
r
1
2
+
r
2
2
)
−
2
R
c
(
τ
)
r
1
r
2
cos
(
ϕ
2
−
ϕ
1
)
−
2
R
c
s
(
τ
)
r
1
r
2
sin
(
ϕ
2
−
ϕ
1
)
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
]
(B.6)
p(r_1,\theta_1,r_2,\theta_2)={r_1r_2\over 4\pi^2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\\ \cdot\exp\left[-{\sigma_x^2(r_1^2+r_2^2)-2R_c(\tau)r_1r_2\cos(\phi_2-\phi_1)-2R_{cs}(\tau)r_1r_2\sin(\phi_2-\phi_1)\over 2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right] \tag {B.6}
p(r1,θ1,r2,θ2)=4π2∣Λ∣1/2r1r2⋅exp[−2∣Λ∣1/2σx2(r12+r22)−2Rc(τ)r1r2cos(ϕ2−ϕ1)−2Rcs(τ)r1r2sin(ϕ2−ϕ1)](B.6)
令
α
=
ϕ
2
−
ϕ
1
−
tan
−
1
[
R
c
s
(
τ
)
/
R
c
(
τ
)
]
\alpha=\phi_2-\phi_1-\tan^{-1}[R_{cs}(\tau)/R_{c}(\tau)]
α=ϕ2−ϕ1−tan−1[Rcs(τ)/Rc(τ)]
1
4
π
2
∫
0
2
π
d
ϕ
1
∫
0
2
π
d
ϕ
2
exp
{
−
r
1
r
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
[
R
c
(
τ
)
cos
(
ϕ
2
−
ϕ
1
)
+
R
c
s
(
τ
)
sin
(
ϕ
2
−
ϕ
1
)
]
}
=
1
2
π
∫
0
2
π
d
ϕ
1
1
2
π
∫
0
2
π
exp
{
−
r
1
r
2
[
R
c
2
(
τ
)
+
R
c
s
2
(
τ
)
]
1
/
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
cos
α
}
d
α
=
I
0
{
r
1
r
2
[
R
c
2
(
τ
)
+
R
c
s
2
(
τ
)
]
1
/
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
}
(B.7)
\begin{aligned}{1\over 4\pi^2}&\int_0^{2\pi}d\phi_1\int_0^{2\pi}d\phi_2\exp\left\{-{r_1r_2\over |\Lambda|^{1/2}}[R_c(\tau)\cos(\phi_2-\phi_1)+R_{cs}(\tau)\sin(\phi_2-\phi_1)]\right\}\\ &={1\over 2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}d\phi_1{1\over 2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}\exp\left\{-{r_1r_2[R_c^2(\tau)+R_{cs}^2(\tau)]^{1/2}\over |\Lambda|^{1/2}}\cos\alpha\right\}d\alpha\\ &=I_0\left\{{r_1r_2[R_c^2(\tau)+R_{cs}^2(\tau)]^{1/2}\over |\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right\} \end{aligned} \tag {B.7}
4π21∫02πdϕ1∫02πdϕ2exp{−∣Λ∣1/2r1r2[Rc(τ)cos(ϕ2−ϕ1)+Rcs(τ)sin(ϕ2−ϕ1)]}=2π1∫02πdϕ12π1∫02πexp{−∣Λ∣1/2r1r2[Rc2(τ)+Rcs2(τ)]1/2cosα}dα=I0{∣Λ∣1/2r1r2[Rc2(τ)+Rcs2(τ)]1/2}(B.7)
R
r
(
τ
)
=
<
r
1
,
r
2
>
=
∫
0
∞
∫
0
∞
r
1
2
r
2
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
I
0
{
r
1
r
2
[
R
c
2
(
τ
)
+
R
c
s
2
(
τ
)
]
1
/
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
}
exp
[
−
σ
x
2
(
r
1
2
+
r
2
2
)
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
]
d
r
1
d
r
2
=
∫
0
∞
∫
0
∞
r
1
2
r
2
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
∑
k
=
0
∞
{
r
1
r
2
[
R
c
2
(
τ
)
+
R
c
s
2
(
τ
)
]
1
/
2
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
}
2
k
1
k
!
k
!
exp
[
−
σ
x
2
(
r
1
2
+
r
2
2
)
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
]
d
r
1
d
r
2
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
[
R
c
2
(
τ
)
+
R
c
s
2
(
τ
)
σ
x
2
]
k
{
∫
0
∞
r
1
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
4
r
1
2
k
σ
x
2
k
2
k
∣
Λ
∣
k
/
2
k
!
exp
[
−
σ
x
2
r
1
2
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
]
d
r
1
}
2
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
ρ
2
k
(
τ
)
{
∫
0
∞
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
σ
x
3
(
σ
x
2
r
1
2
)
(
k
+
1
/
2
)
(
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
)
(
k
+
1
/
2
)
k
!
exp
[
−
σ
x
2
r
1
2
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
]
d
σ
x
2
r
1
2
2
∣
Λ
∣
1
/
2
}
2
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
ρ
2
k
(
τ
)
2
∣
Λ
∣
σ
x
6
Γ
2
(
k
+
3
/
2
)
k
!
k
!
(B.8)
\begin{aligned}R_r(\tau)&=<r_1,r_2>\\&=\int_0^\infty\int_0^\infty{r_1^2r_2^2\over |\Lambda|^{1/2}} I_0\left\{{r_1r_2[R_c^2(\tau)+R_{cs}^2(\tau)]^{1/2}\over |\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right\}\exp\left[-{\sigma_x^2(r_1^2+r_2^2)\over 2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right]dr_1dr_2\\ &=\int_0^\infty\int_0^\infty{r_1^2r_2^2\over |\Lambda|^{1/2}} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \left\{{r_1r_2[R_c^2(\tau)+R_{cs}^2(\tau)]^{1/2}\over 2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right\}^{2k}{1\over k!k!}\exp\left[-{\sigma_x^2(r_1^2+r_2^2)\over 2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right]dr_1dr_2\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\left[{R_c^2(\tau)+R_{cs}^2(\tau)\over \sigma_x^2}\right]^k \left\{\int_{0}^{\infty}{r_1^2\over |\Lambda|^{1/4}}{r_1^{2k}\sigma_x^{2k}\over 2^k |\Lambda|^{k/2}k!}\exp\left[-{\sigma_x^2r_1^2\over 2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right]dr_1\right\}^2\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\rho^{2k}(\tau) \left\{\int_{0}^{\infty}{\sqrt 2 |\Lambda|^{1/2}\over \sigma_x^3}{(\sigma_x^2r_1^2)^{(k+1/2)}\over (2 |\Lambda|^{1/2})^{(k+1/2)}k!}\exp\left[-{\sigma_x^2r_1^2\over 2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right]d{\sigma_x^2r_1^2\over 2|\Lambda|^{1/2}}\right\}^2\\ &=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\rho^{2k}(\tau){ 2 |\Lambda|\over \sigma_x^6}{\Gamma^2(k+3/2)\over k!k!}\tag {B.8}\end{aligned}
Rr(τ)=<r1,r2>=∫0∞∫0∞∣Λ∣1/2r12r22I0{∣Λ∣1/2r1r2[Rc2(τ)+Rcs2(τ)]1/2}exp[−2∣Λ∣1/2σx2(r12+r22)]dr1dr2=∫0∞∫0∞∣Λ∣1/2r12r22k=0∑∞{2∣Λ∣1/2r1r2[Rc2(τ)+Rcs2(τ)]1/2}2kk!k!1exp[−2∣Λ∣1/2σx2(r12+r22)]dr1dr2=k=0∑∞[σx2Rc2(τ)+Rcs2(τ)]k{∫0∞∣Λ∣1/4r122k∣Λ∣k/2k!r12kσx2kexp[−2∣Λ∣1/2σx2r12]dr1}2=k=0∑∞ρ2k(τ){∫0∞σx32∣Λ∣1/2(2∣Λ∣1/2)(k+1/2)k!(σx2r12)(k+1/2)exp[−2∣Λ∣1/2σx2r12]d2∣Λ∣1/2σx2r12}2=k=0∑∞ρ2k(τ)σx62∣Λ∣k!k!Γ2(k+3/2)(B.8)
注意到
∑
k
=
0
∞
ρ
2
k
(
τ
)
2
∣
Λ
∣
σ
x
6
Γ
2
(
k
+
3
/
2
)
k
!
k
!
=
σ
x
2
π
2
∑
k
=
0
∞
ρ
2
k
(
τ
)
(
1
−
ρ
2
(
τ
)
)
2
[
(
2
k
+
1
)
!
!
(
2
k
)
!
!
]
2
(B.9)
\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\rho^{2k}(\tau){ 2 |\Lambda|\over \sigma_x^6}{\Gamma^2(k+3/2)\over k!k!}={\sigma_x^2\pi\over 2}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\rho^{2k}(\tau){ (1-\rho^2(\tau))^2}\left[(2k+1)!!\over (2k)!!\right]^2\tag {B.9}
k=0∑∞ρ2k(τ)σx62∣Λ∣k!k!Γ2(k+3/2)=2σx2πk=0∑∞ρ2k(τ)(1−ρ2(τ))2[(2k)!!(2k+1)!!]2(B.9)
∑
k
=
0
∞
ρ
2
k
(
τ
)
ρ
2
l
(
τ
)
[
(
2
k
+
1
)
!
!
(
2
k
)
!
!
]
2
=
∑
k
=
l
∞
ρ
2
k
(
τ
)
[
(
2
k
−
2
l
+
1
)
!
!
(
2
k
−
2
l
)
!
!
]
2
(B.10)
\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\rho^{2k}(\tau){ \rho^{2l}(\tau)}\left[(2k+1)!!\over (2k)!!\right]^2=\sum_{k=l}^{\infty}\rho^{2k}(\tau)\left[(2k-2l+1)!!\over (2k-2l)!!\right]^2\tag {B.10}
k=0∑∞ρ2k(τ)ρ2l(τ)[(2k)!!(2k+1)!!]2=k=l∑∞ρ2k(τ)[(2k−2l)!!(2k−2l+1)!!]2(B.10)
∑
k
=
0
∞
[
(
2
k
+
1
)
!
!
(
2
k
)
!
!
]
2
−
2
∑
k
=
1
∞
[
(
2
k
−
1
)
!
!
(
2
k
−
2
)
!
!
]
2
+
∑
k
=
2
∞
[
(
2
k
−
3
)
!
!
(
2
k
−
4
)
!
!
]
2
=
∑
k
=
0
∞
[
(
2
k
−
3
)
!
!
(
2
k
)
!
!
]
2
(B.11)
\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\left[(2k+1)!!\over (2k)!!\right]^2-2\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\left[(2k-1)!!\over (2k-2)!!\right]^2+\sum_{k=2}^{\infty}\left[(2k-3)!!\over (2k-4)!!\right]^2=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\left[(2k-3)!!\over (2k)!!\right]^2 \tag {B.11}
k=0∑∞[(2k)!!(2k+1)!!]2−2k=1∑∞[(2k−2)!!(2k−1)!!]2+k=2∑∞[(2k−4)!!(2k−3)!!]2=k=0∑∞[(2k)!!(2k−3)!!]2(B.11)
因此
(
B
.
8
)
=
σ
x
2
π
2
∑
k
=
0
∞
ρ
2
k
(
τ
)
[
(
2
k
−
3
)
!
!
(
2
k
)
!
!
]
2
=
π
b
0
2
2
F
1
(
−
1
2
,
−
1
2
;
1
;
ρ
2
(
τ
)
)
(B.12)
(B.8)={\sigma_x^2\pi\over 2}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\rho^{2k}(\tau)\left[(2k-3)!!\over (2k)!!\right]^2={\pi b_0\over 2}{}_2F_1\left(-{1\over 2},-{1\over 2};1;\rho^{2}(\tau)\right)\tag {B.12}
(B.8)=2σx2πk=0∑∞ρ2k(τ)[(2k)!!(2k−3)!!]2=2πb02F1(−21,−21;1;ρ2(τ))(B.12)证毕。
根据 Gauss’s Hypergeometric Theorem [5,6]
2
F
1
(
a
,
b
;
c
;
1
)
=
(
c
−
b
)
−
a
(
c
)
−
a
=
Γ
(
c
)
Γ
(
c
−
a
−
b
)
Γ
(
c
−
a
)
Γ
(
c
−
b
)
(B.13)
{}_2F_1(a,b;c;1)={(c-b)_{-a}\over (c)_{-a}}={\Gamma(c)\Gamma(c-a-b)\over\Gamma(c-a)\Gamma(c-b)} \tag {B.13}
2F1(a,b;c;1)=(c)−a(c−b)−a=Γ(c−a)Γ(c−b)Γ(c)Γ(c−a−b)(B.13)
得
2
F
1
(
−
1
2
,
−
1
2
;
1
;
1
)
=
Γ
(
2
)
Γ
(
3
/
2
)
Γ
(
3
/
2
)
=
4
π
(B.14)
{}_2F_1\left(-{1\over 2},-{1\over 2};1;1\right)={\Gamma(2)\over\Gamma(3/2)\Gamma(3/2)}={4\over \pi} \tag {B.14}
2F1(−21,−21;1;1)=Γ(3/2)Γ(3/2)Γ(2)=π4(B.14)
在
τ
=
0
\tau=0
τ=0,
ρ
(
0
)
=
1
\rho(0)=1
ρ(0)=1,
R
r
(
0
)
=
π
b
0
2
2
F
1
(
−
1
2
,
−
1
2
;
1
;
1
)
=
2
b
0
(1.3.14)
R_r(0)={\pi b_0\over 2}{}_2F_1\left(-{1\over 2},-{1\over 2};1;1\right)=2b_0 \tag {1.3.14}
Rr(0)=2πb02F1(−21,−21;1;1)=2b0(1.3.14)
展开(1.3-12)的超几何函数
R
r
(
τ
)
=
π
b
0
2
(
1
+
ρ
2
(
τ
)
4
+
ρ
4
(
τ
)
64
+
⋯
)
(1.3.15)
R_r(\tau)={\pi b_0\over 2}\left(1+{\rho^{2}(\tau)\over 4}+{\rho^{4}(\tau)\over 64}+\cdots \right)\tag {1.3.15}
Rr(τ)=2πb0(1+4ρ2(τ)+64ρ4(τ)+⋯)(1.3.15)
保留前两项
R
r
(
τ
)
≐
π
b
0
2
(
1
+
ρ
2
(
τ
)
4
)
(1.3.16)
R_r(\tau)\doteq {\pi b_0\over 2}\left(1+{\rho^{2}(\tau)\over 4} \right)\tag {1.3.16}
Rr(τ)≐2πb0(1+4ρ2(τ))(1.3.16)
对于
τ
=
0
\tau=0
τ=0,
R
r
(
0
)
≐
5
π
b
0
8
=
1.964
b
0
,
(1.3.17)
R_r(0)\doteq {5\pi b_0\over 8}=1.964 b_0, \tag {1.3.17}
Rr(0)≐85πb0=1.964b0,(1.3.17) 误差仅 1.8%。
包络的功率谱密度可以表示为
S
e
(
f
)
=
π
b
0
2
∫
−
∞
∞
(
1
+
ρ
2
(
τ
)
4
)
e
−
i
ω
τ
d
τ
=
π
b
0
2
δ
(
f
)
+
π
8
b
0
∫
−
∞
∞
(
g
2
(
τ
)
+
h
2
(
τ
)
)
e
−
i
ω
τ
d
τ
(1.3.19)
\begin{aligned}S_e(f)&= {\pi b_0\over 2}\int_{-\infty}^\infty\left(1+{\rho^{2}(\tau)\over 4} \right)e^{-i\omega \tau}d\tau \\ &={\pi b_0\over 2}\delta(f)+{\pi \over 8b_0}\int_{-\infty}^\infty\left(g^{2}(\tau)+{h^{2}(\tau)} \right)e^{-i\omega \tau}d\tau \end{aligned}\tag {1.3.19}
Se(f)=2πb0∫−∞∞(1+4ρ2(τ))e−iωτdτ=2πb0δ(f)+8b0π∫−∞∞(g2(τ)+h2(τ))e−iωτdτ(1.3.19)
Ref
- Microwave Mobile Communicatiaons, Ch1.
- W. B. Davenport, Jr., and W. L. Root, An Introduction to the Theory of Randum Signals and Noise, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1958.
- https://archive.lib.msu.edu/crcmath/math/math/e/e078.htm
- https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PochhammerSymbol.html
- https://mathworld.wolfram.com/GausssHypergeometricTheorem.html
- https://archive.lib.msu.edu/crcmath/math/math/g/g054.htm