Ubuntu中apt-get的基本命令

APT-CACHE – 5个基础命令

1 : 列出所有有效包名

$ apt-cache pkgnames

esseract-ocr-epo
pipenightdreams
...

apt-cache pkgnames |grep ext3  查找关键字ext3的包名 (精确到包名) == apt-cache pkgnames ext3

2 : 根据包名或详细查找软件

$ apt-cache search vsftpd

vsftpd - lightweight, efficient FTP server written for security
ccze - A robust, modular log coloriser
yasat - simple stupid audit tool...

3 : 查看包详细信息

apt-cache show netcat

Package: netcat
Priority: optional
Section: universe/net
...

4 : 查看包依赖

apt-cache showpkg vsftpd

Package: vsftpd
Versions: 
2.3.5-3ubuntu1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/in.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_quantal_main_binary-i386_Packages)
...

5 : 查看统计信息

apt-cache stats

Total package names: 51868 (1,037 k)
Total package structures: 51868 (2,490 k)...

 

APT-GET – 20个基础命令

 

1 : 更新系统包

sudo apt-get update

[sudo] password for tecmint: 
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com quantal-security InRelease                      
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com quantal-security Release.gpg [933 B]         
...

2 : 升级软件包

sudo apt-get upgrade

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
...

然而，如果你想升级，不关心是否软件包将被添加或删除满足依赖关系，使用“系统升级”子命令。

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3 : 安装或升级的具体的包

 

sudo apt-get install netcat

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done

4 : 同时安装多个软件包

 

sudo apt-get install nethogs goaccess

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done

5 : 安装包时使用通配符

sudo apt-get install '*name*'

 

Wildcard Matches
   *            零个或者更多字符
   ?            恰好一个字符
[abcde]             恰好列举中的一个字符
 [a-e]          恰好在所给范围中的一个字符
[!abcde]        任何字符都不在列举中
[!a-e]          任何字符都不在所给的范围中
{debian,linux}      恰好在所给选项中的一整个单词

6 : 安装包时不升级

sudo apt-get install packageName --no-upgrade

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Skipping vsftpd, it is already installed and upgrade is not set.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.

7 : 更新特定包

sudo apt-get install packageName --only-upgrade

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
vsftpd is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.

8 : 安装特定版本包(使用=)

sudo apt-get install vsftpd=2.3.5-3ubuntu1

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
vsftpd is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.

9 : 删除包(不删除配置文件)

sudo apt-get remove vsftpd

[sudo] password for tecmint: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       

10 : 完全删除包(删除配置文件)

sudo apt-get purge vsftpd

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:

或者 同时使用

sudo apt-get remove --purge vsftpd

11 : 释放空间,清除下载包

sudo apt-get clean

12 : 下载只有源代码的包

sudo apt-get --download-only source vsftpd

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done

13 : 下载并解压源代码包

sudo apt-get source vsftpd

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Need to get 220 kB of source archives.

14 : 下载 解压 编译包

sudo apt-get --compile source goaccess

[sudo] password for tecmint: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       

15 : 下载 不安装包

sudo apt-get download nethogs

Get:1 Downloading nethogs 0.8.0-1 [27.1 kB]
Fetched 27.1 kB in 3s (7,506 B/s)

16 : 查看包更新日志

 

sudo apt-get changelog vsftpd

vsftpd (2.3.5-3ubuntu1) quantal; urgency=low

  * Merge from Debian testing (LP: #1003644).  Remaining changes:
    + debian/vsftpd.upstart: migrate vsftpd to upstart.
    + Add apport hook (LP: #513978):

17 : 检查破损的依赖关系

sudo apt-get check

[sudo] password for tecmint: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree     

18 : 搜索 建立依赖关系

sudo apt-get build-dep netcat

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  debhelper dh-apparmor html2text po-debconf quilt
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 328 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,219 kB of archives.

19 : 自动清楚apt-get缓存

sudo apt-get autoclean

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done

20 : 自动删除安装包

sudo apt-get autoremove vsftpd

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done