二维测量--手机摄像头的轮廓检测

对应示例程序：
inspect_frame_width.hdev

目标： 根据内外两个轮廓的点向距离，检查手机外壳的摄像头框架是否满足要求

思路为：
      1. 读取原始图像，进行阈值分割和亚像素边缘检测
      2. 利用算子union_adjacent_contours_xld将相近的边缘进行连接
      3. 根据边缘长度进行细化，得到待定边缘
      4. 将得到的边缘按照从小到大的顺序进行排序，内边缘的长度最小，外边缘的长度最大
      5. 利用算子distance_contours_xld计算内外边缘的距离，并根据阈值，筛选出不符合要求的边缘部分
      6. 对内外边缘分别进行平滑，并计算对应的距离，利用平滑阈值，进行筛选，得到平滑度不符合要求的内外边缘部分
      7. 根据阈值，进行显示，包括内外边缘之间的距离太窄，太宽，以及边缘的平滑度不够

图像：

代码：

*这个程序演示了如何计算两个轮廓的点向距离，以检查手机外壳的摄像头框架。

*利用算子distance_contours_xld计算内外轮廓的距离，用算子segment_contour_attrib_xld提取缺陷进行可视化。

* Set the thresholds for the allowed distances in pixels
*阈值设置
MinWidth := 30     //最小宽
MaxWidth := 35     //最大宽
SmoothnessTolerance := .2  //平滑度阈值
* 
* Initialize visualization   //进行可视化的前期准备

dev_update_off ()
dev_close_window ()
read_image (Image, 'plastic_parts/phone_camera_frame_01')
dev_open_window_fit_image (Image, 0, 0, -1, -1, WindowHandle)    //打开适应图像大小的窗口
set_display_font (WindowHandle, 14, 'mono', 'true', 'false')    //设置字体格式

Colors := ['white','green','yellow','orange','red']             //可视化用的字符串
Legend := 'Legend:'
Legend[1] := 'Extracted contours'
Legend[2] := 'Frame too narrow'
Legend[3] := 'Frame too wide'
Legend[4] := 'Contour defect'   
* 
* Main loop:
* Inspect the camera frame
* 
NumImages := 2
for I := 1 to NumImages by 1
    read_image (Image, 'plastic_parts/phone_camera_frame_' + I$'02')    //读入图像
    * 
    * Extract frame edges  提取边缘
    * 
    * Select the frame region
    threshold (Image, Region, 100, 255)                                 //阈值分割
    dilation_rectangle1 (Region, RegionDilation, 15, 15)                //矩形膨胀
    
    reduce_domain (Image, RegionDilation, ImageReduced)                  //裁剪ROI区域
    
    * Extract edges in the reduced image domain
    edges_sub_pix (ImageReduced, Edges, 'canny', 0.7, 10, 60)           //亚像素边缘检测
    
    union_adjacent_contours_xld (Edges, UnionContours, 7, 7, 'attr_keep')     //将端点距离很近的轮廓连接起来
    select_shape_xld (UnionContours, SelectedContours, 'contlength', 'and', 700, 99999)    //根据轮廓长度筛选目标轮廓
    * Select the inner and the outer contour
    length_xld (SelectedContours, Length)   //计算轮廓的长度
    tuple_sort_index (Length, Indices)      //对轮廓长度进行排序(从小到大)，并返回对应的索引
    
    //指定0 和 3是否合适？？？ 是否应该根据轮廓的数量进行适应性修改
    select_obj (SelectedContours, InnerContour, Indices[0] + 1)     //内轮廓  长度最小
    select_obj (SelectedContours, OuterContour, Indices[3] + 1)     //外轮廓  长度最大
    * 
    * Calculate the distances between the inner and outer contour.
    * The distances are stored as an attribute to the output contour.
    *计算内外轮廓之间的距离。
    *这些距离存储为输出轮廓的属性。
    
    distance_contours_xld (InnerContour, OuterContour, OuterContourWithWidth, 'point_to_segment')
    * Get the contour parts that lie outside of the tolerances
    *获取超出阈值范围的轮廓部分
    *0到最小阈值的部分
    segment_contour_attrib_xld (OuterContourWithWidth, OuterContourPartToNarrow, 'distance', 'or', 0, MinWidth)  
    *最大阈值到10000的部分
    segment_contour_attrib_xld (OuterContourWithWidth, OuterContourPartToWide, 'distance', 'or', MaxWidth, 10000)
    * 
    * Check, if the contours are sufficiently smooth by
    * comparing each contour with a smoothed version of itself
    
    *XLD轮廓平滑  计算原始轮廓和平滑后轮廓的距离
    smooth_contours_xld (OuterContour, OuterContourSmooth, 11)
    smooth_contours_xld (InnerContour, InnerContourSmooth, 11)
    distance_contours_xld (OuterContour, OuterContourSmooth, OuterContourWithDistance, 'point_to_segment')
    distance_contours_xld (InnerContour, InnerContourSmooth, InnerContourWithDistance, 'point_to_segment')
    * Get the contour parts that lie outside of the tolerances
    *筛选出不符合平滑度要求的轮廓
    segment_contour_attrib_xld (OuterContourWithDistance, OuterContourDefect, 'distance', 'or', SmoothnessTolerance, 100)
    segment_contour_attrib_xld (InnerContourWithDistance, InnerContourDefect, 'distance', 'or', SmoothnessTolerance, 100)
    * 
    * Get pointwise distances for debugging
    *获取距离
    //返回XLD轮廓包括的一些属性值
    get_contour_attrib_xld (OuterContourWithWidth, 'distance', FrameWidth)            //内外轮廓的距离
    get_contour_attrib_xld (OuterContourWithDistance, 'distance', InnerDistances)     //内轮廓和平滑内轮廓的距离
    get_contour_attrib_xld (InnerContourWithDistance, 'distance', OuterDistances)     //外轮廓和平滑外轮廓的距离
    * 
    * Display results
    dev_display (Image)
    disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Inspect frame of phone camera (image ' + I + '/' + NumImages + ')', 'window', 12, 12, 'black', 'true')
    //统计各Obj的数量
    count_obj (OuterContourPartToNarrow, NumTooNarrow)
    count_obj (OuterContourPartToWide, NumTooWide)
    count_obj (OuterContourDefect, NumInnerDefects)
    count_obj (InnerContourDefect, NumOuterDefects)
    
    //进行显示
    if (NumTooNarrow + NumTooWide + NumInnerDefects + NumOuterDefects == 0)
        OK := 1
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Frame OK', 'window', 50, 12, 'forest green', 'true')
    else
        OK := 0
        disp_message (WindowHandle, 'Frame not OK', 'window', 50, 12, 'red', 'true')
    endif
    * 
    dev_set_line_width (1)
    dev_set_color (Colors[1])
    dev_display (OuterContour)
    dev_display (InnerContour)
    dev_set_line_width (5)
    dev_set_color (Colors[2])
    dev_display (OuterContourPartToNarrow)
    dev_set_color (Colors[3])
    dev_display (OuterContourPartToWide)
    dev_set_color (Colors[4])
    dev_display (OuterContourDefect)
    dev_set_color (Colors[4])
    dev_display (InnerContourDefect)
    disp_message (WindowHandle, Legend, 'window', 500, 12, Colors, 'false')
    if (I < NumImages)
        disp_continue_message (WindowHandle, 'black', 'true')
        stop ()
    endif
endfor

用到的几个算子：
      edges_sub_pix --亚像素边缘检测。
      union_adjacent_contours_xld – 将端点距离很近的轮廓连接起来。
      distance_contours_xld-- 计算轮廓之间的距离
      segment_contour_attrib_xld–筛选出满足要求的轮廓
      smooth_contours_xld–对XLD轮廓进行平滑
      get_contour_attrib_xld –获取XLD轮廓包含的信息