1.矢量求和
1.1 CPU
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 10
void add( int *a, int *b, int *c ) {
int tid = 0; // this is CPU zero, so we start at zero
while (tid < N) {
c[tid] = a[tid] + b[tid];
tid += 1; // we have one CPU, so we increment by one
}
}
int main( void ) {
int a[N], b[N], c[N];
// fill the arrays 'a' and 'b' on the CPU
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
a[i] = -i;
b[i] = i * i;
}
add( a, b, c );
// display the results
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
printf( "%d + %d = %d\n", a[i], b[i], c[i] );
}
return 0;
}
输出:
1.2 GPU
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 10
__global__ void add( int *a, int *b, int *c ) {
int tid = blockIdx.x; // this thread handles the data at its thread id
if (tid < N)
c[tid] = a[tid] + b[tid];
}
int main( void ) {
int a[N], b[N], c[N];
int *dev_a, *dev_b, *dev_c;
// allocate the memory on the GPU
cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_a, N * sizeof(int) ) ;
cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_b, N * sizeof(int) ) ;
cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_c, N * sizeof(int) ) ;
// fill the arrays 'a' and 'b' on the CPU
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
a[i] = -i;
b[i] = i * i;
}
// copy the arrays 'a' and 'b' to the GPU
cudaMemcpy( dev_a, a, N * sizeof(int),
cudaMemcpyHostToDevice );
cudaMemcpy( dev_b, b, N * sizeof(int),
cudaMemcpyHostToDevice );
add<<<N,1>>>( dev_a, dev_b, dev_c );
// copy the array 'c' back from the GPU to the CPU
cudaMemcpy( c, dev_c, N * sizeof(int),
cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost );
// display the results
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
printf( "%d + %d = %d\n", a[i], b[i], c[i] );
}
// free the memory allocated on the GPU
cudaFree( dev_a ) ;
cudaFree( dev_b ) ;
cudaFree( dev_c ) ;
return 0;
}
1.3 GPU (数据大)
#include <stdio.h>
#define N (32 * 1024)
__global__ void add( int *a, int *b, int *c ) {
int tid = blockIdx.x;
while (tid < N) {
c[tid] = a[tid] + b[tid];
tid += gridDim.x;
}
}
int main( void ) {
int *a, *b, *c;
int *dev_a, *dev_b, *dev_c;
// allocate the memory on the CPU
a = (int*)malloc( N * sizeof(int) );
b = (int*)malloc( N * sizeof(int) );
c = (int*)malloc( N * sizeof(int) );
// allocate the memory on the GPU
cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_a, N * sizeof(int) ) ;
cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_b, N * sizeof(int) ) ;
cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_c, N * sizeof(int) ) ;
// fill the arrays 'a' and 'b' on the CPU
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
a[i] = i;
b[i] = 2 * i;
}
// copy the arrays 'a' and 'b' to the GPU
cudaMemcpy( dev_a, a, N * sizeof(int),
cudaMemcpyHostToDevice ) ;
cudaMemcpy( dev_b, b, N * sizeof(int),
cudaMemcpyHostToDevice ) ;
add<<<128,1>>>( dev_a, dev_b, dev_c );
// copy the array 'c' back from the GPU to the CPU
cudaMemcpy( c, dev_c, N * sizeof(int),
cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost ) ;
// verify that the GPU did the work we requested
bool success = true;
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
if ((a[i] + b[i]) != c[i]) {
printf( "Error: %d + %d != %d\n", a[i], b[i], c[i] );
success = false;
}
}
if (success) printf( "We did it!\n" );
// free the memory we allocated on the GPU
cudaFree( dev_a ) ;
cudaFree( dev_b ) ;
cudaFree( dev_c ) ;
// free the memory we allocated on the CPU
free( a );
free( b );
free( c );
return 0;
}
2. Julia集曲线
2.1 CPU
#include <GL/glut.h>
#define DIM 1000
struct CPUBitmap {
unsigned char *pixels;
int x, y;
void *dataBlock;
void (*bitmapExit)(void*);
CPUBitmap( int width, int height, void *d = NULL ) {
pixels = new unsigned char[width * height * 4];
x = width;
y = height;
dataBlock = d;
}
~CPUBitmap() {
delete [] pixels;
}
unsigned char* get_ptr( void ) const { return pixels; }
long image_size( void ) const { return x * y * 4; }
void display_and_exit( void(*e)(void*) = NULL ) {
CPUBitmap** bitmap = get_bitmap_ptr();
*bitmap = this;
bitmapExit = e;
// a bug in the Windows GLUT implementation prevents us from
// passing zero arguments to glutInit()
int c=1;
char* dummy = "";
glutInit( &c, &dummy );
glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGBA );
glutInitWindowSize( x, y );
glutCreateWindow( "bitmap" );
glutKeyboardFunc(Key);
glutDisplayFunc(Draw);
glutMainLoop();
}
// static method used for glut callbacks
static CPUBitmap** get_bitmap_ptr( void ) {
static CPUBitmap *gBitmap;
return &gBitmap;
}
// static method used for glut callbacks
static void Key(unsigned char key, int x, int y) {
switch (key) {
case 27:
CPUBitmap* bitmap = *(get_bitmap_ptr());
if (bitmap->dataBlock != NULL && bitmap->bitmapExit != NULL)
bitmap->bitmapExit( bitmap->dataBlock );
exit(0);
}
}
// static method used for glut callbacks
static void Draw( void ) {
CPUBitmap* bitmap = *(get_bitmap_ptr());
glClearColor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
glDrawPixels( bitmap->x, bitmap->y, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bitmap->pixels );
glFlush();
}
};
struct cuComplex {
float r;
float i;
cuComplex( float a, float b ) : r(a), i(b) {}
float magnitude2( void ) { return r * r + i * i; }
cuComplex operator*(const cuComplex& a) {
return cuComplex(r*a.r - i*a.i, i*a.r + r*a.i);
}
cuComplex operator+(const cuComplex& a) {
return cuComplex(r+a.r, i+a.i);
}
};
int julia( int x, int y ) {
const float scale = 1.5;
float jx = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - x)/(DIM/2);
float jy = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - y)/(DIM/2);
cuComplex c(-0.8, 0.156);
cuComplex a(jx, jy);
int i = 0;
for (i=0; i<200; i++) {
a = a * a + c;
if (a.magnitude2() > 1000)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
void kernel( unsigned char *ptr ){
for (int y=0; y<DIM; y++) {
for (int x=0; x<DIM; x++) {
int offset = x + y * DIM;
int juliaValue = julia( x, y );
ptr[offset*4 + 0] = 255 * juliaValue;
ptr[offset*4 + 1] = 0;
ptr[offset*4 + 2] = 0;
ptr[offset*4 + 3] = 255;
}
}
}
int main( void ) {
CPUBitmap bitmap( DIM, DIM );
unsigned char *ptr = bitmap.get_ptr();
kernel( ptr );
bitmap.display_and_exit();
}
编译,运行:
2.2 GPU
// nvcc julia_gpu.cu -o julia -lglut -lcuda
#include <GL/glut.h>
#ifndef DIM
#define DIM 1000
#endif
struct CPUBitmap {
unsigned char *pixels;
int x, y;
void *dataBlock;
void (*bitmapExit)(void*);
CPUBitmap( int width, int height, void *d = NULL ) {
pixels = new unsigned char[width * height * 4];
x = width;
y = height;
dataBlock = d;
}
~CPUBitmap() {
delete [] pixels;
}
unsigned char* get_ptr( void ) const { return pixels; }
long image_size( void ) const { return x * y * 4; }
void display_and_exit( void(*e)(void*) = NULL ) {
CPUBitmap** bitmap = get_bitmap_ptr();
*bitmap = this;
bitmapExit = e;
// a bug in the Windows GLUT implementation prevents us from
// passing zero arguments to glutInit()
int c=1;
char* dummy = "";
glutInit( &c, &dummy );
glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGBA );
glutInitWindowSize( x, y );
glutCreateWindow( "bitmap" );
glutKeyboardFunc(Key);
glutDisplayFunc(Draw);
glutMainLoop();
}
// static method used for glut callbacks
static CPUBitmap** get_bitmap_ptr( void ) {
static CPUBitmap *gBitmap;
return &gBitmap;
}
// static method used for glut callbacks
static void Key(unsigned char key, int x, int y) {
switch (key) {
case 27:
CPUBitmap* bitmap = *(get_bitmap_ptr());
if (bitmap->dataBlock != NULL && bitmap->bitmapExit != NULL)
bitmap->bitmapExit( bitmap->dataBlock );
exit(0);
}
}
// static method used for glut callbacks
static void Draw( void ) {
CPUBitmap* bitmap = *(get_bitmap_ptr());
glClearColor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
glDrawPixels( bitmap->x, bitmap->y, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bitmap->pixels );
glFlush();
}
};
struct cuComplex {
float r;
float i;
__device__ cuComplex( float a, float b ) : r(a), i(b) {}
__device__ float magnitude2( void ) {
return r * r + i * i;
}
__device__ cuComplex operator*(const cuComplex& a) {
return cuComplex(r*a.r - i*a.i, i*a.r + r*a.i);
}
__device__ cuComplex operator+(const cuComplex& a) {
return cuComplex(r+a.r, i+a.i);
}
};
__device__ int julia( int x, int y ) {
const float scale = 1.5;
float jx = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - x)/(DIM/2);
float jy = scale * (float)(DIM/2 - y)/(DIM/2);
cuComplex c(-0.8, 0.156);
cuComplex a(jx, jy);
int i = 0;
for (i=0; i<200; i++) {
a = a * a + c;
if (a.magnitude2() > 1000)
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
__global__ void kernel( unsigned char *ptr ) {
// map from blockIdx to pixel position
int x = blockIdx.x;
int y = blockIdx.y;
int offset = x + y * gridDim.x;
// now calculate the value at that position
int juliaValue = julia( x, y );
ptr[offset*4 + 0] = 255 * juliaValue;
ptr[offset*4 + 1] = 0;
ptr[offset*4 + 2] = 0;
ptr[offset*4 + 3] = 255;
}
// globals needed by the update routine
struct DataBlock {
unsigned char *dev_bitmap;
};
int main( void ) {
DataBlock data;
CPUBitmap bitmap( DIM, DIM, &data );
unsigned char *dev_bitmap;
cudaMalloc( (void**)&dev_bitmap, bitmap.image_size() );
data.dev_bitmap = dev_bitmap;
dim3 grid(DIM,DIM);
kernel<<<grid,1>>>(dev_bitmap);
cudaMemcpy(bitmap.get_ptr(), dev_bitmap, bitmap.image_size(), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
cudaFree(dev_bitmap);
bitmap.display_and_exit();
}
编译,运行: