直方图与伽马变换之一

1.原理

opencv API

//HE
Mat enhance(const Mat& src)
	{
		Mat dst(src.size(),src.type());
		if (src.channels() == 3)
		{
			vector<Mat>mv;
			split(src, mv);
			equalizeHist(mv[0], mv[0]);
			equalizeHist(mv[1], mv[1]);
			equalizeHist(mv[2], mv[2]);
			merge(mv, dst);
		}
		else {
			equalizeHist(src, dst);
		}
		
		return dst;
	}

下边是直方图均衡化效果：

2.自动亮度对比度实现

下图帮助理解：

代码实现，增加了两个参数，用以调节亮度最低值和直方图的范围
在此备注C++默认参数函数设置，以防出现调试时重复定义的bug
先声明后定义时，默认参数赋值在函数声名时发生，具体如下

//.h
	void BrightnessAndContrastAuto(const Mat &src, Mat &dst, float clipHistPercent = 0, int histSize = 255, int lowhist = 0);


//.cpp
void ImgEnhance::BrightnessAndContrastAuto(const Mat &src, Mat &dst, float clipHistPercent, int histSize, int lowhist)

算法具体实现如下： 其实主要是求解对比度和亮度两个参数，然后按照公式计算出结果灰度

// clipHistPercent 剪枝（剪去总像素的多少百分比）
// histSize 最后将所有的灰度值归到多大的范围
// lowhist 最小的灰度值
void BrightnessAndContrastAuto(const cv::Mat& src, cv::Mat& dst, float clipHistPercent = 0, int histSize = 255, int lowhist = 0)
	{
		CV_Assert(clipHistPercent >= 0);
		CV_Assert((src.type() == CV_8UC1) || (src.type() == CV_8UC3) || (src.type() == CV_8UC4));

		float alpha, beita;
		double minGray = 0, maxGray = 0;

		//to calculate grayscale histogram
		Mat gray;
		if (src.type() == CV_8UC1) gray = src.clone();
		else if (src.type() == CV_8UC3) cvtColor(src, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
		else if (src.type() == CV_8UC4) cvtColor(src, gray, COLOR_BGRA2GRAY);
		if (clipHistPercent == 0)
		{
			//keep full available range
			minMaxLoc(gray, &minGray, &maxGray);
		}
		else
		{
			Mat hist;
			float range[] = { 0,256 };
			const float* histRange = { range };
			bool uniform = true;
			bool accumulate = false;
			calcHist(&gray, 1, 0, Mat(), hist, 1, &histSize, &histRange, uniform, accumulate);

			//calculate cumulate distribution from the histogram
			vector<float>accumulator(histSize);
			accumulator[0] = hist.at<float>(0);
			for (int i = 1; i < histSize; i++)
			{
				accumulator[i] = accumulator[i - 1] + hist.at<float>(i);
			}

			//locate points that cuts at required value
			float max = accumulator.back();
			int clipHistPercent2;
			clipHistPercent2 = clipHistPercent * (max / 100.0);  //make percent as absolute
			clipHistPercent2 /= 2.0; // left and right wings
			 // locate left cut
			minGray = 0;
			while (accumulator[minGray] < clipHistPercent2)
				minGray++;

			// locate right cut
			maxGray = histSize - 1;
			while (accumulator[maxGray] >= (max - clipHistPercent2))
				maxGray--;
		}
		// current range
		float inputRange = maxGray - minGray;

		alpha = (histSize - 1) / inputRange;   // alpha expands current range to histsize range
		beita = -minGray * alpha + lowhist;             // beta shifts current range so that minGray will go to 0

		// Apply brightness and contrast normalization
		// convertTo operates with saurate_cast
		src.convertTo(dst, -1, alpha, beita);

		// restore alpha channel from source
		if (dst.type() == CV_8UC4)
		{
			int from_to[] = { 3, 3 };
			cv::mixChannels(&src, 4, &dst, 1, from_to, 1);
		}
	}

参考

1.https://blog.csdn.net/qq_20095389/article/details/83658878
2.https://blog.csdn.net/panda1234lee/article/details/52852765