PyQt5 —— 对话框

由于最近在学习pyqt5的相关知识，在网上找了几篇教程看，于是就写了这篇学习笔记。本文只是一些案例的代码以及演示，详细的讲解请看原文。

原文链接：https://zetcode.com/gui/pyqt5/
中文翻译：http://www.360doc.com/content/19/1022/14/12906439_868371487.shtml

1、输入文字

该示例具有一个按钮和一个行编辑小部件。该按钮显示用于获取文本值的输入对话框。输入的文本将显示在行编辑小部件中。

QInputDialog

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QInputDialog, QApplication


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.btn = QPushButton('Dialog', self)
        self.btn.move(20, 20)
        self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        self.le = QLineEdit(self)
        self.le.move(130, 22)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 250)
        self.setWindowTitle('Input dialog')
        self.show()

    def showDialog(self):
        text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, 'Input Dialog', 'Enter your name:')
        if ok:
            self.le.setText(str(text))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

2、选取颜色

QColorDialog

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton, QFrame,
                             QColorDialog, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
import sys


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        col = QColor(0, 0, 0)

        self.btn = QPushButton('Dialog', self)
        self.btn.move(20, 20)

        self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        self.frm = QFrame(self)
        self.frm.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }"
                               % col.name())
        self.frm.setGeometry(130, 22, 200, 200)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 450, 350)
        self.setWindowTitle('Color dialog')
        self.show()

    def showDialog(self):
        col = QColorDialog.getColor()

        if col.isValid():
            self.frm.setStyleSheet('QWidget { background-color: %s }'
                                   % col.name())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

3、选择字体

QFontDialog

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton,
                             QSizePolicy, QLabel, QFontDialog, QApplication)
import sys


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        vbox = QVBoxLayout()

        btn = QPushButton('Dialog', self)
        btn.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Fixed, QSizePolicy.Fixed)
        btn.move(20, 20)

        vbox.addWidget(btn)

        btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

        self.lbl = QLabel('Knowledge only matters', self)
        self.lbl.move(130, 20)

        vbox.addWidget(self.lbl)
        self.setLayout(vbox)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 450, 350)
        self.setWindowTitle('Font dialog')
        self.show()

    def showDialog(self):

        font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
        if ok:
            self.lbl.setFont(font)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

4、选择文件

QFileDialog提供文件或者文件夹的功能，能打开和保存文件。

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QMainWindow, QTextEdit,
                             QAction, QFileDialog, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
import sys
from pathlib import Path


class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.textEdit = QTextEdit()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.textEdit)
        self.statusBar()

        openFile = QAction(QIcon('open.png'), 'Open', self)
        openFile.setShortcut('Ctrl+O')
        openFile.setStatusTip('Open new File')
        openFile.triggered.connect(self.showDialog)

        menubar = self.menuBar()
        fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
        fileMenu.addAction(openFile)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 550, 450)
        self.setWindowTitle('File dialog')
        self.show()

    def showDialog(self):

        home_dir = str(Path.home())
        fname = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open file', home_dir)

        if fname[0]:
            f = open(fname[0], 'r')

            with f:
                data = f.read()
                self.textEdit.setText(data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())