本教程基于Unity2017.2及Visual Studio 2017
本教程编写时间：2017年12月5日
本文内容提要
- 用户凝视hologram时，光标和hologram都会发生变化
- 加入一些瞄准技术来帮助用户凝视小的目标
- 借助箭头吸引用户的注意力到特定的hologram上
- 让hologram跟随用户移动
预备知识
资源下载
本文使用了官方教程的资源
原地址
如果下载有困难，百度云地址
1 创建工程
- 启动Unity，新建工程，命名为ModelExplorer，勾选3D
- 点击Create Project
工程设置
- Edit > Project Settings > Player
- 在Inspector面板中，点击Windows Store图标，展开XR Settings，勾选Virtual Reality Supported复选框，确认Windows Mixed Reality在下面的列表中
导入资源
- 解压下载的资源
- 在Project面板的Assets文件夹上点击右键，点击Import Package > Custom Package
- 打开下载的资源中的Starting文件夹中的ModelExplorer.unitypackage，点击Open
- 出现Import Unity Package面板后，点击Import
构建场景
- 删除场景中自带的Main Camera和Directional Light
- 在Project面板中，将 HoloToolkit-Gaze-210/Utilities/Prefabs目录下的Main Camera拖到Hierarchy面板的空白处
- 在Project面板中，将 Holograms下的AstroMan、Lights、SpaceAudioSource、SpaceBackground、Fitbox拖到Hierarchy面板的空白处（可按下Ctrl多选，一起拖到Hierarchy里）
- 点击Hierarchy面板中的Fitbox，将AstroMan拖到Fitbox脚本的Hologram Collection上
编译工程
- 按Ctrl+S保存场景，新建Scenes文件夹，将场景保存到Scenes文件夹并命名为main
- File > Build Settings，选择Universal Windows Platform，点击Switch Platform按钮
- Target device设置为Hololens，选中Unity C# Projects
- 在Build Settings面板，点击Build，新建
App文件夹并选择该文件夹 - Build完成后，打开App文件夹下的ModelExplorer.sln，将Debug改为Release，ARM改为x86，并选中Hololens Emulator
- 点击调试 > 开始执行（不调试）或者Ctrl+F5（注意：模拟器启动慢可能会引起部署超时，这时候不要关闭模拟器，直接再次Ctrl+F5即可）
2 光标和目标反馈
- 创建一个空物体，命名为Managers
- 点击Add Component，找到GazeManager并添加
- GazeManager的RaycastLayerMask属性，下拉菜单中取消选中哦TransparentFX
- 将HoloToolkit-Gaze-210\Input\Prefabs目录下的Cursor拖到Hierarchy中
- 选中Cursor，点击Add Component，搜索Cursor Manager并添加
- 展开Cursor物体，将CursorOnHolograms物体拖到Cursor On Holograms属性上，将CursorOffHolograms物体拖到Cursor Off Holograms属性上
- 编辑GazeManager脚本，可以按照代码中的提示补全注释为2.a的代码，也可用下方完整代码替换
using UnityEngine;
namespace Academy.HoloToolkit.Unity
{
/// <summary>
/// GazeManager determines the location of the user's gaze, hit position and normals.
/// </summary>
public class GazeManager : Singleton<GazeManager>
{
[Tooltip("Maximum gaze distance for calculating a hit.")]
public float MaxGazeDistance = 5.0f;
[Tooltip("Select the layers raycast should target.")]
public LayerMask RaycastLayerMask = Physics.DefaultRaycastLayers;
/// <summary>
/// Physics.Raycast result is true if it hits a Hologram.
/// </summary>
public bool Hit { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// HitInfo property gives access
/// to RaycastHit public members.
/// </summary>
public RaycastHit HitInfo { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Position of the user's gaze.
/// </summary>
public Vector3 Position { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// RaycastHit Normal direction.
/// </summary>
public Vector3 Normal { get; private set; }
private GazeStabilizer gazeStabilizer;
private Vector3 gazeOrigin;
private Vector3 gazeDirection;
void Awake()
{
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 3.a */
// 3.a: GetComponent GazeStabilizer and assign it to gazeStabilizer.
}
private void Update()
{
// 2.a: Assign Camera's main transform position to gazeOrigin.
gazeOrigin = Camera.main.transform.position;
// 2.a: Assign Camera's main transform forward to gazeDirection.
gazeDirection = Camera.main.transform.forward;
// 3.a: Using gazeStabilizer, call function UpdateHeadStability.
// Pass in gazeOrigin and Camera's main transform rotation.
// 3.a: Using gazeStabilizer, get the StableHeadPosition and
// assign it to gazeOrigin.
UpdateRaycast();
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates the Raycast hit position and normal.
/// </summary>
private void UpdateRaycast()
{
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 2.a */
// 2.a: Create a variable hitInfo of type RaycastHit.
RaycastHit hitInfo;
// 2.a: Perform a Unity Physics Raycast.
// Collect return value in public property Hit.
// Pass in origin as gazeOrigin and direction as gazeDirection.
// Collect the information in hitInfo.
// Pass in MaxGazeDistance and RaycastLayerMask.
Hit = Physics.Raycast(gazeOrigin,
gazeDirection,
out hitInfo,
MaxGazeDistance,
RaycastLayerMask);
// 2.a: Assign hitInfo variable to the HitInfo public property
// so other classes can access it.
HitInfo = hitInfo;
if (Hit)
{
// If raycast hit a hologram...
// 2.a: Assign property Position to be the hitInfo point.
Position = hitInfo.point;
// 2.a: Assign property Normal to be the hitInfo normal.
Normal = hitInfo.normal;
}
else
{
// If raycast did not hit a hologram...
// Save defaults ...
// 2.a: Assign Position to be gazeOrigin plus MaxGazeDistance times gazeDirection.
Position = gazeOrigin + (gazeDirection * MaxGazeDistance);
// 2.a: Assign Normal to be the user's gazeDirection.
Normal = gazeDirection;
}
}
}
}- 编辑CursorManager脚本，可以按照代码中的提示补全注释为2.b的代码，也可用下方完整代码替换
using UnityEngine;
namespace Academy.HoloToolkit.Unity
{
/// <summary>
/// CursorManager class takes Cursor GameObjects.
/// One that is on Holograms and another off Holograms.
/// Shows the appropriate Cursor when a Hologram is hit.
/// Places the appropriate Cursor at the hit position.
/// Matches the Cursor normal to the hit surface.
/// </summary>
public class CursorManager : Singleton<CursorManager>
{
[Tooltip("Drag the Cursor object to show when it hits a hologram.")]
public GameObject CursorOnHolograms;
[Tooltip("Drag the Cursor object to show when it does not hit a hologram.")]
public GameObject CursorOffHolograms;
void Awake()
{
if (CursorOnHolograms == null || CursorOffHolograms == null)
{
return;
}
// Hide the Cursors to begin with.
CursorOnHolograms.SetActive(false);
CursorOffHolograms.SetActive(false);
}
void Update()
{
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 2.b */
if (GazeManager.Instance == null || CursorOnHolograms == null || CursorOffHolograms == null)
{
return;
}
if (GazeManager.Instance.Hit)
{
// 2.b: SetActive true the CursorOnHolograms to show cursor.
CursorOnHolograms.SetActive(true);
// 2.b: SetActive false the CursorOffHolograms hide cursor.
CursorOffHolograms.SetActive(false);
}
else
{
// 2.b: SetActive true CursorOffHolograms to show cursor.
CursorOffHolograms.SetActive(true);
// 2.b: SetActive false CursorOnHolograms to hide cursor.
CursorOnHolograms.SetActive(false);
}
// 2.b: Assign gameObject's transform position equals GazeManager's instance Position.
gameObject.transform.position = GazeManager.Instance.Position;
// 2.b: Assign gameObject's transform up vector equals GazeManager's instance Normal.
gameObject.transform.up = GazeManager.Instance.Normal;
}
}
}- 选中GazeManager，点击Add Component按钮，搜索Interactible Manager并添加
- 选中AstroMan物体，点击Add Component按钮，搜索Interactible并添加
- 编辑InteractibleManager脚本，可以按照代码中的提示补全注释为2.c的代码，也可用下方完整代码替换
using Academy.HoloToolkit.Unity;
using UnityEngine;
/// <summary>
/// InteractibleManager keeps tracks of which GameObject
/// is currently in focus.
/// </summary>
public class InteractibleManager : Singleton<InteractibleManager>
{
public GameObject FocusedGameObject { get; private set; }
private GameObject oldFocusedGameObject = null;
void Start()
{
FocusedGameObject = null;
}
void Update()
{
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 2.c */
oldFocusedGameObject = FocusedGameObject;
if (GazeManager.Instance.Hit)
{
RaycastHit hitInfo = GazeManager.Instance.HitInfo;
if (hitInfo.collider != null)
{
// 2.c: Assign the hitInfo's collider gameObject to the FocusedGameObject.
FocusedGameObject = hitInfo.collider.gameObject;
}
else
{
FocusedGameObject = null;
}
}
else
{
FocusedGameObject = null;
}
if (FocusedGameObject != oldFocusedGameObject)
{
ResetFocusedInteractible();
if (FocusedGameObject != null)
{
if (FocusedGameObject.GetComponent<Interactible>() != null)
{
// 2.c: Send a GazeEntered message to the FocusedGameObject.
FocusedGameObject.SendMessage("GazeEntered");
}
}
}
}
private void ResetFocusedInteractible()
{
if (oldFocusedGameObject != null)
{
if (oldFocusedGameObject.GetComponent<Interactible>() != null)
{
// 2.c: Send a GazeExited message to the oldFocusedGameObject.
oldFocusedGameObject.SendMessage("GazeExited");
}
}
}
}- 编辑CursorManager脚本，可以按照代码中的提示补全注释为2.d的代码，也可用下方完整代码替换
using UnityEngine;
/// <summary>
/// The Interactible class flags a Game Object as being "Interactible".
/// Determines what happens when an Interactible is being gazed at.
/// </summary>
public class Interactible : MonoBehaviour
{
[Tooltip("Audio clip to play when interacting with this hologram.")]
public AudioClip TargetFeedbackSound;
private AudioSource audioSource;
private Material[] defaultMaterials;
void Start()
{
defaultMaterials = GetComponent<Renderer>().materials;
// Add a BoxCollider if the interactible does not contain one.
Collider collider = GetComponentInChildren<Collider>();
if (collider == null)
{
gameObject.AddComponent<BoxCollider>();
}
EnableAudioHapticFeedback();
}
private void EnableAudioHapticFeedback()
{
// If this hologram has an audio clip, add an AudioSource with this clip.
if (TargetFeedbackSound != null)
{
audioSource = GetComponent<AudioSource>();
if (audioSource == null)
{
audioSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
}
audioSource.clip = TargetFeedbackSound;
audioSource.playOnAwake = false;
audioSource.spatialBlend = 1;
audioSource.dopplerLevel = 0;
}
}
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 2.d */
void GazeEntered()
{
for (int i = 0; i < defaultMaterials.Length; i++)
{
// 2.d: Uncomment the below line to highlight the material when gaze enters.
defaultMaterials[i].SetFloat("_Highlight", .25f);
}
}
void GazeExited()
{
for (int i = 0; i < defaultMaterials.Length; i++)
{
// 2.d: Uncomment the below line to remove highlight on material when gaze exits.
defaultMaterials[i].SetFloat("_Highlight", 0f);
}
}
void OnSelect()
{
for (int i = 0; i < defaultMaterials.Length; i++)
{
defaultMaterials[i].SetFloat("_Highlight", .5f);
}
// Play the audioSource feedback when we gaze and select a hologram.
if (audioSource != null && !audioSource.isPlaying)
{
audioSource.Play();
}
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 6.a */
// 6.a: Handle the OnSelect by sending a PerformTagAlong message.
}
}- build测试一下看看效果！
瞄准技术
- 选中Managers物体，点击Add Component按钮，搜索Gaze Stabilizer并添加
- 打开GazeManager脚本，按照3.a注释提示补全脚本，或者使用下面的完整代码替换
using UnityEngine;
namespace Academy.HoloToolkit.Unity
{
/// <summary>
/// GazeManager determines the location of the user's gaze, hit position and normals.
/// </summary>
public class GazeManager : Singleton<GazeManager>
{
[Tooltip("Maximum gaze distance for calculating a hit.")]
public float MaxGazeDistance = 5.0f;
[Tooltip("Select the layers raycast should target.")]
public LayerMask RaycastLayerMask = Physics.DefaultRaycastLayers;
/// <summary>
/// Physics.Raycast result is true if it hits a Hologram.
/// </summary>
public bool Hit { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// HitInfo property gives access
/// to RaycastHit public members.
/// </summary>
public RaycastHit HitInfo { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Position of the user's gaze.
/// </summary>
public Vector3 Position { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// RaycastHit Normal direction.
/// </summary>
public Vector3 Normal { get; private set; }
private GazeStabilizer gazeStabilizer;
private Vector3 gazeOrigin;
private Vector3 gazeDirection;
void Awake()
{
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 3.a */
// 3.a: GetComponent GazeStabilizer and assign it to gazeStabilizer.
gazeStabilizer = GetComponent<GazeStabilizer>();
}
private void Update()
{
// 2.a: Assign Camera's main transform position to gazeOrigin.
gazeOrigin = Camera.main.transform.position;
// 2.a: Assign Camera's main transform forward to gazeDirection.
gazeDirection = Camera.main.transform.forward;
// 3.a: Using gazeStabilizer, call function UpdateHeadStability.
// Pass in gazeOrigin and Camera's main transform rotation.
gazeStabilizer.UpdateHeadStability(gazeOrigin, Camera.main.transform.rotation);
// 3.a: Using gazeStabilizer, get the StableHeadPosition and
// assign it to gazeOrigin.
gazeOrigin = gazeStabilizer.StableHeadPosition;
UpdateRaycast();
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates the Raycast hit position and normal.
/// </summary>
private void UpdateRaycast()
{
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 2.a */
// 2.a: Create a variable hitInfo of type RaycastHit.
RaycastHit hitInfo;
// 2.a: Perform a Unity Physics Raycast.
// Collect return value in public property Hit.
// Pass in origin as gazeOrigin and direction as gazeDirection.
// Collect the information in hitInfo.
// Pass in MaxGazeDistance and RaycastLayerMask.
Hit = Physics.Raycast(gazeOrigin,
gazeDirection,
out hitInfo,
MaxGazeDistance,
RaycastLayerMask);
// 2.a: Assign hitInfo variable to the HitInfo public property
// so other classes can access it.
HitInfo = hitInfo;
if (Hit)
{
// If raycast hit a hologram...
// 2.a: Assign property Position to be the hitInfo point.
Position = hitInfo.point;
// 2.a: Assign property Normal to be the hitInfo normal.
Normal = hitInfo.normal;
}
else
{
// If raycast did not hit a hologram...
// Save defaults ...
// 2.a: Assign Position to be gazeOrigin plus MaxGazeDistance times gazeDirection.
Position = gazeOrigin + (gazeDirection * MaxGazeDistance);
// 2.a: Assign Normal to be the user's gazeDirection.
Normal = gazeDirection;
}
}
}
}- build测试一下看看效果！
4 方向指示标
- 在Hierarchy面板中展开AstroMan物体，点击子物体中的DirectionalIndicator物体
- 点击Add Component按钮，搜索Direction Indicator并添加
- 在Hierarchy面板中，将Cursor物体拖到Direction Indicator组件的Cursor属性上
- 在Project面板的Holograms文件夹下，将DirectionalIndicator prefab拖到Inspector面板的Directional Indicator 属性上
- build测试一下看看效果！
5 公告板
- 在Hierarchy面板中点击AstroMan物体
- 在Inspector面板中，点击Add Component按钮，搜索Billboard并添加
- 在Inspector面板中，设置Pivot Axis的值为Y
- build测试一下看看效果！
- 现在移除AstroMan物体上的Billboard脚本
6 尾随（Tag Along）
- 在Hierarchy面板中，选中Managers物体，在Inspector面板中点击Add Component按钮，搜索Gesture Manager并添加
- 打开Interactible.cs脚本，按照注释中6.a的提示补全代码或者使用下面的完整代码替换
using UnityEngine;
/// <summary>
/// The Interactible class flags a Game Object as being "Interactible".
/// Determines what happens when an Interactible is being gazed at.
/// </summary>
public class Interactible : MonoBehaviour
{
[Tooltip("Audio clip to play when interacting with this hologram.")]
public AudioClip TargetFeedbackSound;
private AudioSource audioSource;
private Material[] defaultMaterials;
void Start()
{
defaultMaterials = GetComponent<Renderer>().materials;
// Add a BoxCollider if the interactible does not contain one.
Collider collider = GetComponentInChildren<Collider>();
if (collider == null)
{
gameObject.AddComponent<BoxCollider>();
}
EnableAudioHapticFeedback();
}
private void EnableAudioHapticFeedback()
{
// If this hologram has an audio clip, add an AudioSource with this clip.
if (TargetFeedbackSound != null)
{
audioSource = GetComponent<AudioSource>();
if (audioSource == null)
{
audioSource = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
}
audioSource.clip = TargetFeedbackSound;
audioSource.playOnAwake = false;
audioSource.spatialBlend = 1;
audioSource.dopplerLevel = 0;
}
}
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 2.d */
void GazeEntered()
{
for (int i = 0; i < defaultMaterials.Length; i++)
{
// 2.d: Uncomment the below line to highlight the material when gaze enters.
defaultMaterials[i].SetFloat("_Highlight", .25f);
}
}
void GazeExited()
{
for (int i = 0; i < defaultMaterials.Length; i++)
{
// 2.d: Uncomment the below line to remove highlight on material when gaze exits.
defaultMaterials[i].SetFloat("_Highlight", 0f);
}
}
void OnSelect()
{
for (int i = 0; i < defaultMaterials.Length; i++)
{
defaultMaterials[i].SetFloat("_Highlight", .5f);
}
// Play the audioSource feedback when we gaze and select a hologram.
if (audioSource != null && !audioSource.isPlaying)
{
audioSource.Play();
}
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 6.a */
// 6.a: Handle the OnSelect by sending a PerformTagAlong message.
SendMessage("PerformTagAlong");
}
}- 在Hierarchy面板顶端的搜索框中，输入ChestButton_Center 并选中
- 在Inspector面板中点击Add Component，搜索Interactible Action并添加
- 将Holograms目录下的Tagalong素材拖到Object to TagAlong属性上
- 打开InteractibleAction 脚本，，按照注释中6.b的提示补全代码或者使用下面的完整代码替换
using Academy.HoloToolkit.Unity;
using UnityEngine;
/// <summary>
/// InteractibleAction performs custom actions when you gaze at the holograms.
/// </summary>
public class InteractibleAction : MonoBehaviour
{
[Tooltip("Drag the Tagalong prefab asset you want to display.")]
public GameObject ObjectToTagAlong;
void PerformTagAlong()
{
if (ObjectToTagAlong == null)
{
return;
}
// Recommend having only one tagalong.
GameObject existingTagAlong = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("TagAlong");
if (existingTagAlong != null)
{
return;
}
GameObject instantiatedObjectToTagAlong = GameObject.Instantiate(ObjectToTagAlong);
instantiatedObjectToTagAlong.SetActive(true);
/* TODO: DEVELOPER CODING EXERCISE 6.b */
// 6.b: AddComponent Billboard to instantiatedObjectToTagAlong.
// So it's always facing the user as they move.
instantiatedObjectToTagAlong.AddComponent<Billboard>();
// 6.b: AddComponent SimpleTagalong to instantiatedObjectToTagAlong.
// So it's always following the user as they move.
instantiatedObjectToTagAlong.AddComponent<SimpleTagalong>();
// 6.b: Set any public properties you wish to experiment with.
}
}- build测试来看看效果！
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