小偷电路的效率

03:37\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\n小偷的效率

 

01 小偷电路

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一、前言

  昨天晚上测量了这个焦耳小偷电路的特性，  当时自己也疑惑， 究竟这款小偷电路，  将多少从电源中盗取的电能转换成 LED的发光电能。  下面，将会通过实际测量 来验证一下自己的想法。  当然了， 电路的转换效率随着电路参数的不同会有改变，  这里也只是使用昨天这款基于高频自耦变压器的焦耳小偷电路进行测试。

▲ 图1.1.1 实验电路图

二、测量结果

  这是测试原理电路图， 为了能够测量电路功率以及发光二极管功率， 在电路中串联了两个 5欧姆的电流采样电阻，  这样便可以通过直流万用表，  测量各点的电压来获得电路的输入功率和LED的功率。 通过测量， 可以知道， 在1.5V下， 输入电流采样电阻上的电压为 38.52mV， LED电流采样电阻上的电压为 7.425mV， 电压为 1.451V。  于是，  可以计算出电路输入功率为 11.5 mW，  LED上的功率，  为2.15mW，  计算电路转换电能的效率，  还不到 五分之一。 这说明这个小偷电路， 所盗取的电能都被它自己浪费掉了， 实际上用于 LED 的电能小的可怜。

  下面测量不同电压下， 这个偷电的焦耳电路的转换效率。 使用DH1766提供从 0.6V 到2V的工作电源。  测量电路输入电流， 输出电流以及输出电压。  测量电流仍然使用前面 5 欧姆的采样电阻，   记录 100 个测量数据，  可以得到输入功率和输出功率， 以及对应的转换效率。 这张图反映了不同输入功率下电路的转换效率。  这张图绘制了不同电压下， 输入功率， 输出功率以及转换效率。 为了能够使得曲线有所比较， 它们的纵坐标单位做了调整。  蓝色曲线反应了转换效率。 在1.7V前后分成了两个阶段。  工作电压超过 1.7V， 实际上， 电路无需偷电， LED 便可以直接在工作电源驱动下发光。 但是， 此时 偷电电路浪费了大量的电能， 实际的工作效率大约只有 3% 左右。 随着电压的增加， 效率才增加。  刚才测量1.5V时， 对应的工作效率低于20%。  在1.1V到1.5V之间 工作效率略微提升，  但最高也不超过23%。  之后， 转换效率便一路下降， 直到最终电路停止工作。  由此可见， 所谓的小偷， 实际上都没有干太好的事情， 所偷盗的基本上都浪费掉了。

▲ 图1.2.1 不同输入功率下的转换效率

from headm import *
from tsmodule.tsvisa        import *
from tsmodule.tsstm32       import *

vdim = linspace(2, 0.6, 100)
vin = []
vout = []
vled = []
R = 5
V = 1.5

dm3068open()

for v in vdim:
    dh1766volt1(v)
    time.sleep(2)
    vo = dm3068vdc()

    vout.append(vo)
    meter = meterval()

    vled.append(meter[2])
    vin.append(meter[0])

    printff(vo, meter)
    tspsave("measure", vdim=vdim, vin=vin, vout=vout, vled=vled)

pin = [v/R*V for v in vin]
pout = [v/R*vl for v,vl in zip(vout, vled)]

eff = [p1/p2 for p1,p2 in zip(pout, pin)]

plt.plot(pin, eff, lw=3)

plt.xlabel("Pin(W)")
plt.ylabel("Effi(%)")
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

vdim=[2.0000,1.9859,1.9717,1.9576,1.9434,1.9293,1.9152,1.9010,1.8869,1.8727,1.8586,1.8444,1.8303,1.8162,1.8020,1.7879,1.7737,1.7596,1.7455,1.7313,1.7172,1.7030,1.6889,1.6747,1.6606,1.6465,1.6323,1.6182,1.6040,1.5899,1.5758,1.5616,1.5475,1.5333,1.5192,1.5051,1.4909,1.4768,1.4626,1.4485,1.4343,1.4202,1.4061,1.3919,1.3778,1.3636,1.3495,1.3354,1.3212,1.3071,1.2929,1.2788,1.2646,1.2505,1.2364,1.2222,1.2081,1.1939,1.1798,1.1657,1.1515,1.1374,1.1232,1.1091,1.0949,1.0808,1.0667,1.0525,1.0384,1.0242,1.0101,0.9960,0.9818,0.9677,0.9535,0.9394,0.9253,0.9111,0.8970,0.8828,0.8687,0.8545,0.8404,0.8263,0.8121,0.7980,0.7838,0.7697,0.7556,0.7414,0.7273,0.7131,0.6990,0.6848,0.6707,0.6566,0.6424,0.6283,0.6141,0.6000]
vin=[0.0701,0.0681,0.0662,0.0644,0.0625,0.0606,0.0589,0.0572,0.0556,0.0539,0.0525,0.0511,0.0498,0.0485,0.0473,0.0462,0.0452,0.0442,0.0433,0.0424,0.0416,0.0409,0.0402,0.0398,0.0398,0.0398,0.0397,0.0397,0.0396,0.0395,0.0394,0.0393,0.0391,0.0390,0.0388,0.0386,0.0384,0.0379,0.0373,0.0366,0.0358,0.0351,0.0344,0.0337,0.0329,0.0321,0.0314,0.0306,0.0298,0.0291,0.0283,0.0276,0.0268,0.0261,0.0255,0.0248,0.0242,0.0236,0.0230,0.0225,0.0220,0.0215,0.0211,0.0206,0.0202,0.0198,0.0193,0.0189,0.0185,0.0181,0.0177,0.0173,0.0168,0.0164,0.0160,0.0155,0.0151,0.0146,0.0142,0.0138,0.0133,0.0128,0.0124,0.0119,0.0114,0.0109,0.0105,0.0099,0.0095,0.0090,0.0085,0.0079,0.0074,0.0069,0.0064,0.0059,0.0054,0.0049,0.0044,0.0039]
vout=[0.0201,0.0186,0.0171,0.0156,0.0142,0.0127,0.0114,0.0102,0.0090,0.0079,0.0069,0.0060,0.0051,0.0043,0.0036,0.0030,0.0024,0.0019,0.0015,0.0012,0.0009,0.0007,0.0005,0.0007,0.0013,0.0019,0.0024,0.0030,0.0035,0.0041,0.0046,0.0051,0.0057,0.0062,0.0067,0.0072,0.0077,0.0079,0.0080,0.0080,0.0080,0.0080,0.0080,0.0079,0.0079,0.0078,0.0078,0.0077,0.0076,0.0075,0.0074,0.0073,0.0072,0.0070,0.0069,0.0067,0.0065,0.0063,0.0060,0.0058,0.0056,0.0054,0.0052,0.0050,0.0048,0.0046,0.0044,0.0042,0.0041,0.0039,0.0037,0.0036,0.0034,0.0032,0.0031,0.0029,0.0028,0.0026,0.0025,0.0023,0.0022,0.0021,0.0019,0.0018,0.0017,0.0015,0.0014,0.0013,0.0012,0.0011,0.0010,0.0008,0.0007,0.0006,0.0005,0.0004,0.0003,0.0002,0.0002,0.0001]
vled=[1.9132,1.9006,1.8890,1.8773,1.8657,1.8533,1.8415,1.8297,1.8177,1.8047,1.7927,1.7805,1.7681,1.7549,1.7424,1.7298,1.7172,1.7036,1.6908,1.6779,1.6650,1.6510,1.6380,1.6245,1.6106,1.5959,1.5820,1.5681,1.5544,1.5396,1.5258,1.5121,1.4983,1.4836,1.4699,1.4563,1.4416,1.4283,1.4152,1.4021,1.3881,1.3750,1.3619,1.3491,1.3352,1.3222,1.3092,1.2961,1.2823,1.2693,1.2563,1.2433,1.2294,1.2164,1.2032,1.1901,1.1760,1.1628,1.1496,1.1363,1.1221,1.1088,1.0955,1.0821,1.0678,1.0543,1.0410,1.0276,1.0132,0.9998,0.9866,0.9732,0.9589,0.9454,0.9321,0.9187,0.9044,0.8910,0.8775,0.8644,0.8500,0.8367,0.8233,0.8101,0.7958,0.7825,0.7691,0.7548,0.7416,0.7283,0.7150,0.7008,0.6875,0.6742,0.6610,0.6467,0.6334,0.6203,0.6070,0.5928]

▲ 图1.2.2 不同电压下对应的输入和输出功率

from headm import *

vdim, vin, vout, vled = tspload('measure', 'vdim', 'vin', 'vout', 'vled')

R=5
V=1.5

pin = [v/R*V*1000 for v in vin]
pout = [v/R*vl*1000 for v,vl in zip(vout, vled)]

eff = [p1/p2*100 for p1,p2 in zip(pout, pin)]

plt.plot(vdim, eff, lw=3, label='Eff(%)')
plt.plot(vdim, pin, lw=3, label='In(W)')
plt.plot(vdim, pout, lw=3, label='Out(W)')

plt.xlabel("Input(V)")
plt.ylabel("Output")
plt.grid(True)
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

 

※ 总  结 ※

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  本文对于焦耳小偷电路的工作效率进行了测量。  结果令人大为惋惜。 所偷盗的电能大多数都被这个小偷给自己消耗掉了。  白白的消耗掉了。

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● 相关图表链接:

• 图1.1.1 实验电路图
• 图1.2.1 不同输入功率下的转换效率
• 图1.2.2 不同电压下对应的输入和输出功率