物联网开发121 - Micropython ESP32 C3连接TCS34725颜色识别传感器模块（I2C通信）

魔都飘雪

已于 2023-09-02 09:18:28 修改

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分类专栏： MicroPython 物联网开发文章标签：物联网 Micropython 物联网开发

于 2023-07-12 22:09:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhusongziye/article/details/131688965

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一、目的

这一节我们来学习如何使用合宙ESP32 C3，连接TCS34725颜色识别传感器模块，识别颜色。下面我们一起来学习一下吧！

二、环境

ESP32 C3开发板（MicroPython v1.19.1 on 2022-06-18）+ TCS34725颜色识别传感器模块 + WS2812彩色灯珠模块 + 几根杜邦线 + Win10商业版

ESP32 C3和TCS34725模块接线方法：

三、示例代码

example.py

from machine import Pin,I2C
from tcs34725 import TCS34725  # 导入颜色识别模块驱动
from neopixel import NeoPixel  # mircropython自带彩色灯珠驱动
import time

# 创建I2C对象
i2c = I2C(0,scl = Pin(5),sda = Pin(4),freq = 400_000)
# 创建彩色LED对象
npp = NeoPixel(Pin(8,Pin.OUT),24)
# 打印扫描出的I2C对象
print("I2C Bus Scan: ", i2c.scan(), "\n")  # 输出I2C Bus Scan:  [41]，41的十六进制29
# 创建tcs34725颜色识别模块对象
tcs = TCS34725(i2c,0x29)

'''
G R B 5 6 5 2字节= 16位 = 65536

G = 5 2^5 = 32
R = 6 2^6 = 64
b = 5 2^5 = 32

'''
# 创建RGB颜色计算函数
def Colour():
    try:
        red,green,blue,colour = tcs.read(True)  # 读取颜色值
        
        if colour != 0:  # 如果colour不等于0
            Red   = int((red / colour) * 32)  # 计算红色的值
            Green = int((green / colour) * 64)  # 计算绿色的值
            Blue  = int((blue / colour) * 32)  # 计算蓝色的值
            return Red,Green,Blue  # 返回RGB值
        else:         
            return 0,0,0
    except :
        print("数据异常！")
        RuntimeError

# 创建显示颜色识别
def dispaly(colour):
    red,green,blue = colour
    
    npp.fill((red,green,blue))  # 填充颜色
    npp.write()  # 写入颜色
    
    print("red: %.2d  green:%.2d  blue:%.2d" % (red,green,blue))
    time.sleep(0.1)

# 初始化LED灯
def Init():
    for i in range(0,24,1):
        npp[i]=(i*10,255,100)  # 获取颜色值
        npp.write()  # 写入颜色
        time.sleep(0.2)  # 等待0.2秒

def main():
    print("%#x"%(i2c.scan()[0]))  # 输出29
    Init()  # 初始化
    while True:
        dispaly(Colour())  # 显示颜色


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

演示效果：

四、tcs34725颜色识别模块驱动

tcs34725.py

from machine import I2C
import time
import ustruct

const = lambda x:x

_COMMAND_BIT = const(0x80)
_REGISTER_ENABLE = const(0x00)
_REGISTER_ATIME = const(0x01)
_REGISTER_AILT = const(0x04)
_REGISTER_AIHT = const(0x06)
_REGISTER_ID = const(0x12)
_REGISTER_APERS = const(0x0c)
_REGISTER_CONTROL = const(0x0f)
_REGISTER_SENSORID = const(0x12)
_REGISTER_STATUS = const(0x13)
_REGISTER_CDATA = const(0x14)
_REGISTER_RDATA = const(0x16)
_REGISTER_GDATA = const(0x18)
_REGISTER_BDATA = const(0x1a)
_ENABLE_AIEN = const(0x10)
_ENABLE_WEN = const(0x08)
_ENABLE_AEN = const(0x02)
_ENABLE_PON = const(0x01)

_GAINS = (1, 4, 16, 60)
_CYCLES = (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60)

class TCS34725:
    def __init__(self, i2c, address=None):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.address = address
        self._active = False
        self.integration_time(2.4)
        sensor_id = self.i2c.scan()[0]
        if sensor_id not in (0x29,0x10):
            raise RuntimeError("wrong sensor id 0x{:x}".format(sensor_id))

    def _register8(self, register, value=None):
        register |= _COMMAND_BIT
        if value is None:
            return self.i2c.readfrom_mem(self.address, register, 1)[0]
        data = ustruct.pack('<B', value)
        self.i2c.writeto_mem(self.address, register, data)

    def _register16(self, register, value=None):
        register |= _COMMAND_BIT
        if value is None:
            data = self.i2c.readfrom_mem(self.address, register, 2)
            return ustruct.unpack('<H', data)[0]
        data = ustruct.pack('<H', value)
        self.i2c.writeto_mem(self.address, register, data)

    def active(self, value=None):
        if value is None:
            return self._active
        value = bool(value)
        if self._active == value:
            return
        self._active = value
        enable = self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE)
        if value:
            self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE, enable | _ENABLE_PON)
            time.sleep_ms(3)
            self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE,
                enable | _ENABLE_PON | _ENABLE_AEN)
        else:
            self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE,
                enable & ~(_ENABLE_PON | _ENABLE_AEN))

    def sensor_id(self):
        return self.i2c.scan()[0]

    def integration_time(self, value=None):
        if value is None:
            return self._integration_time
        value = min(614.4, max(2.4, value))
        cycles = int(value / 2.4)
        self._integration_time = cycles * 2.4
        return self._register8(_REGISTER_ATIME, 256 - cycles)

    def gain(self, value):
        if value is None:
            return _GAINS[self._register8(_REGISTER_CONTROL)]
        if value not in _GAINS:
            raise ValueError("gain must be 1, 4, 16 or 60")
        return self._register8(_REGISTER_CONTROL, _GAINS.index(value))

    def _valid(self):
        return bool(self._register8(_REGISTER_STATUS) & 0x01)

    def read(self, raw=False):
        was_active = self.active()
        self.active(True)
        while not self._valid():
            time.sleep_ms(int(self._integration_time + 0.9))
        data = tuple(self._register16(register) for register in (
            _REGISTER_RDATA,
            _REGISTER_GDATA,
            _REGISTER_BDATA,
            _REGISTER_CDATA,
        ))
        self.active(was_active)
        if raw:
            return data
        return self._temperature_and_lux(data)

    def _temperature_and_lux(self, data):
        r, g, b, c = data
        x = -0.14282 * r + 1.54924 * g + -0.95641 * b
        y = -0.32466 * r + 1.57837 * g + -0.73191 * b
        z = -0.68202 * r + 0.77073 * g +  0.56332 * b
        d = x + y + z
        n = (x / d - 0.3320) / (0.1858 - y / d)
        cct = 449.0 * n**3 + 3525.0 * n**2 + 6823.3 * n + 5520.33
        return cct, y

    def threshold(self, cycles=None, min_value=None, max_value=None):
        if cycles is None and min_value is None and max_value is None:
            min_value = self._register16(_REGISTER_AILT)
            max_value = self._register16(_REGISTER_AILT)
            if self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE) & _ENABLE_AIEN:
                cycles = _CYCLES[self._register8(_REGISTER_APERS) & 0x0f]
            else:
                cycles = -1
            return cycles, min_value, max_value
        if min_value is not None:
            self._register16(_REGISTER_AILT, min_value)
        if max_value is not None:
            self._register16(_REGISTER_AIHT, max_value)
        if cycles is not None:
            enable = self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE)
            if cycles == -1:
                self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE, enable & ~(_ENABLE_AIEN))
            else:
                self._register8(_REGISTER_ENABLE, enable | _ENABLE_AIEN)
                if cycles not in _CYCLES:
                    raise ValueError("invalid persistence cycles")
                self._register8(_REGISTER_APERS, _CYCLES.index(cycles))

    def interrupt(self, value=None):
        if value is None:
            return bool(self._register8(_REGISTER_STATUS) & _ENABLE_AIEN)
        if value:
            raise ValueError("interrupt can only be cleared")
        self.i2c.writeto(self.address, b'\xe6')

    def html_rgb(data):
        r, g, b, c = data
        red = pow((int((r/c) * 256) / 255), 2.5) * 255
        green = pow((int((g/c) * 256) / 255), 2.5) * 255
        blue = pow((int((b/c) * 256) / 255), 2.5) * 255
        return red, green, blue

    def html_hex(data):
        r, g, b = html_rgb(data)
        return "{0:02x}{1:02x}{2:02x}".format(int(r),int(g),int(b))

五、模块购买地址

https://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?_u=cp01rchd77a&id=662903315676&spm=a1z09.2.0.0.2df52e8dTDETVohttps://detail.tmall.com/item.htm?_u=cp01rchd77a&id=662903315676&spm=a1z09.2.0.0.2df52e8dTDETVo