欧拉的另一错误

欧拉将两种伯努利数混为一谈了，并且还犯了另一错误：

设 $k\ne 1,k>0,a>0，z\ne 0$

由于
$${\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1){\left(x+\sqrt[k-1]{\frac{1}{(2^k-1)(k-1)z}}\right)}^k}dx=z$$

所以有
$${\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1){\left(x+\sqrt[k-1]{\frac{1}{(2^k-1)(k-1)\zeta (k)}}\right)}^k}dx=\zeta (k)$$

又因为
$${\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1){\left(x+\sqrt[k-1]{\frac{a}{(2^k-1){\pi }^k}}\right)}^k}dx=\frac{{\pi }^k}{(k-1)a}$$

所以有：
$$\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^k}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1)(x+1/2{)}^k}$$

$$={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1){\left(x+\sqrt[k-1]{\frac{a}{(2^k-1){\pi }^k}}\right)}^k}dx=\frac{{\pi }^k}{(k-1)a}$$

$$\zeta (k)={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1){\left(x+\sqrt[k-1]{\frac{1}{(2^k-1)(k-1)\zeta (k)}}\right)}^k}dx=\frac{{\pi }^k}{(k-1)a}$$

$$\frac{a}{(2^k-1){\pi }^k}=\frac{1}{(2^k-1)(k-1)\zeta (k)}$$

$$\frac{{\pi }^k}{(k-1)a}=\frac{2^{k-1}|B_k|{\pi }^k}{k!}=\zeta (k)$$

$$a=\frac{k!}{(k-1)2^{k-1}|B_k|}=\frac{{\pi }^k}{(k-1)\zeta (k)}$$

$$|B_k|=\frac{k!}{(k-1)2^{k-1}a}=\frac{k!\zeta (k)}{2^{k-1}{\pi }^k}，k\ne 1$$
$k=1$ 时，$\zeta (1)=\infty$
$B_1=\infty$ 并不是 $B_1=-1/2$ 或者说用在这儿是不成立的。

这些等式对 $k\ge 2$ 都成立，即 $k$ 为奇数时也成立！显然 $B_k\ne 0$
所以说： $B_3=B_5=B_7=\cdots =0$ 是错误的!

伯努利数有两种

(1): 正幂 $x^k$ 伯努利数 $$\begin{gathered} {B}_3=B_5=B_7=\cdots =0, \\ {B}_0=1,B_1=1/2,B_2=1/6,B_4=-1/30,\cdots \end{gathered}$$

只能用在正幂有限项求和：
$$\sum _{x=1}^n{x}^k=\frac{B_{k+1}(n)-B_{k+1}}{k+1}={\int }_0^n{B}_k(x)dx$$

其中 $B_k(x)$ 为伯努利多项式；
严格的说 $B_1=-\frac{1}{2}$ 的一支还是正幂系的，因为出现有 $B_{2k}$ 的幂级数都是正幂的
且它们的 $B_3=B_5=B_7=\cdots =0$
$$\frac{x}{e^x-1}=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }\frac{B_k}{k!}{x}^k,B_1=-\frac{1}{2},|x|<2\pi$$

$$\tan x=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }{4}^k(4^k-1)\frac{|B_{2k}|x^{2k-1}}{(2k)!},|x|<\frac{\pi }{2}$$

(2): 负幂 $x^{-k}$ 伯努利数

$$|B_k|=\frac{k!\zeta (k)}{2^{k-1}{\pi }^k}，k\ne 1$$ 注意：奇偶数都成立
$$B_1=\infty ,B_2=1/6,B_4=-1/30,\cdots$$ 正是欧拉的 $$|B_{2k}|=\frac{(2k)!\zeta (2k)}{2^{2k-1}{\pi }^{2k}}$$

$$|B_3|=\frac{3\zeta (3)}{2{\pi }^3}，|B_5|=\frac{15\zeta (5)}{2{\pi }^5}，|B_7|=\frac{7!\zeta (7)}{2^6{\pi }^7}，\cdots \ne 0,$$

$$\zeta (k)={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1){\left(x+\sqrt[k-1]{\frac{k!}{2^{k-1}(2^k-1)(k-1)|B_k|{\pi }^k}}\right)}^k}dx$$

难怪欧拉的眼睛会失明(18世纪没有电灯没有电脑，这些计算把他的眼睛伤害了)。

具体看一看：

$$(1):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x}=\infty ,B_1=\infty$$

$$(2):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^2}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{3(x+1/2{)}^2}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{3{\left(x+\frac{6}{3{\pi }^2}\right)}^2}dx=\frac{{\pi }^2}{6}=\frac{{\pi }^2}{a}$$

$$a=6\times 1=6$$

$$|B_2|=\frac{2!}{(2-1)2^{2-1}6}=\frac{2!\zeta (2)}{2^{2-1}{\pi }^2}=\frac{1}{6}$$

$$(3):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^3}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{7(x+1/2{)}^3}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{7{\left(x+\sqrt{\frac{12.897}{7{\pi }^3}}\right)}^3}dx=\frac{{\pi }^3}{25.79\cdot \cdot }=\frac{{\pi }^3}{2a}$$

$$2a=12.89717508287582\times 2=25.79435016575164\cdots$$

$$|B_3|=\frac{3!}{(3-1)2^{3-1}a}=\frac{3}{4a}=\frac{3\zeta (3)}{2{\pi }^3}$$

$$=0.05815228940633...=\frac{1}{17.19623344383443\cdots }$$

$$(4):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^4}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{15(x+1/2{)}^4}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{15{\left(x+\sqrt[3]{\frac{2}{{\pi }^4}}\right)}^4}dx=\frac{{\pi }^4}{90}$$

$${\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{15{\left(x+\sqrt[3]{\frac{30}{15{\pi }^4}}\right)}^4}dx=\frac{{\pi }^4}{90}=\frac{{\pi }^4}{3a}$$

$$30\times 3=90$$

$$|B_4|=\frac{4!}{(4-1)2^{4-1}30}=\frac{1}{30}$$

$$(5):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^5}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{31(x+1/2{)}^5}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{31{\left(x+\sqrt[4]{\frac{73.780377\cdots }{31{\pi }^5}}\right)}^5}dx=\frac{{\pi }^5}{295.12\cdots }$$

$$4a=73.7803774853556\times 4=295.1215099414224\cdots$$

$$\zeta (5)=\frac{2968539{\pi }^5}{876079712}=1.0369277551\cdots$$

$$\zeta (5)={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{31{\left(x+\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{124\zeta (5)}}\right)}^5}dx=\frac{{\pi }^5}{4a}$$

$$|B_5|=\frac{5!}{(5-1)2^{5-1}a}=\frac{15}{8a}=\frac{15\zeta (5)}{2{\pi }^5}$$

$$=0.025413261139416\cdots =\frac{1}{39.34953465885632\cdots }$$

$$(6):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^6}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{63(x+1/2{)}^6}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{63{\left(x+\sqrt[5]{\frac{3}{{\pi }^6}}\right)}^6}dx=\frac{{\pi }^6}{945}$$

$${\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{63{\left(x+\sqrt[5]{\frac{189}{63{\pi }^6}}\right)}^6}dx=\frac{{\pi }^6}{945}=\frac{{\pi }^6}{5a}$$

$$189\times 5=945$$

$$|B_6|=\frac{6!}{(6-1)2^{6-1}a}=\frac{9}{2a}=\frac{1}{42}$$

$$(7)：\zeta (7)={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^7-1){\left(x+\sqrt[6]{\frac{a}{(2^7-1){\pi }^7}}\right)}^7}dx=\frac{{\pi }^7}{6a}$$

$$\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^7}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{127{\left(x+\sqrt[6]{\frac{499.21\cdots }{127{\pi }^7}}\right)}^7}dx=\frac{{\pi }^7}{2995.28\cdots }$$

$$|B_7|=\frac{k!\zeta (k)}{2^{k-1}{\pi }^k}=\frac{7!\zeta (7)}{2^6{\pi }^7}=\frac{105}{8a}=\frac{1}{38.0353621\cdots }\ne 0$$

$$(8):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^8}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{255(x+1/2{)}^8}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{255{\left(x+\sqrt[7]{\frac{90}{17{\pi }^8}}\right)}^8}dx=\frac{{\pi }^8}{9450}$$

$${\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{255{\left(x+\sqrt[7]{\frac{1350}{255{\pi }^8}}\right)}^8}dx=\frac{{\pi }^8}{9450}$$

$$7a=1350\times 7=9450$$

$$|B_8|=\frac{8!}{(8-1)2^{7}a}=\frac{45}{a}=\frac{1}{30}$$

$$(9):\zeta (9)={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^9-1){\left(x+\sqrt[8]{\frac{a}{(2^9-1){\pi }^9}}\right)}^9}dx=\frac{{\pi }^9}{8a}$$

$$|B_9|=\frac{k!\zeta (k)}{2^{k-1}{\pi }^k}=\frac{9!\zeta (9)}{2^8{\pi }^9}\ne 0$$

$$(10):\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^{10}}={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{1023{\left(x+\sqrt[9]{\frac{10395}{1023{\pi }^{10}}}\right)}^{10}}dx=\frac{{\pi }^{10}}{93555}$$

$$10395\times 9=93555$$

$${\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{1023{\left(x+\sqrt[9]{\frac{315}{31{\pi }^{10}}}\right)}^{10}}dx=\frac{{\pi }^{10}}{93555}$$

$$|B_{10}|=\frac{10!}{(10-1)2^{9}a}=\frac{1575}{2a}=\frac{5}{66}$$

结论：负幂伯努利数 $B_3=B_5=B_7=\cdots =0$ 是错误的!

可知：黎曼猜想的平凡零点不存在！

下面网站有些内容是错误的：
https://www.bernoulli.org/
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BernoulliNumber.html
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BernoulliPolynomial.html
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/RiemannZetaFunction.html
黎曼ζ函数(中文维基百科)
发散级数 (中文维基百科)

$$\sum _{x=1}^{\infty }\frac{1}{x^k}=\sum _{x=0}^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1)(x+1/2{)}^k}=\frac{{\pi }^k}{(k-1)a}$$

$$\zeta (k)={\int }_0^{\infty }\frac{1}{(2^k-1){\left(x+\sqrt[k-1]{\frac{k!}{2^{k-1}(2^k-1)(k-1)|B_k|{\pi }^k}}\right)}^k}dx$$

$$\sum _{x=1}^n{x}^k=\frac{B_{k+1}(n)-B_{k+1}}{k+1}={\int }_0^n{B}_k(x)dx$$