DirectX9 SDK Samples(8) BasicHLSL Sample(1)

这一个例子关于基本的HLSL。首先沿着程序来将关键点梳理一下。

1首先注册了一堆需要用到的回调函数，不懂，不管= =

2然后执行的事InitApp()，在这个函数中主要完成的任务是添加HUD元素和UI元素，就是按钮啊，说明文字啊~

3接下来就是下面的代码。

    DXUTInit( true, true ); // Parse the command line and show msgboxes
    DXUTSetHotkeyHandling( true, true, true );
    DXUTCreateWindow( L"BasicHLSL" );
    DXUTCreateDevice( true, 640, 480 );

第一行没什么好说的，第二行设置的是3个常用热键，如ESC。第三行第四行就是创建窗口和设备了。

4接下来进入主循环DXUTMainLoop()，然后这个函数是DXUT框架自定义的，也没什么好说，接下来退出程序。

等等，那这程序干了什么= =嗯，其实很多工作都在回调函数里做的，所以仅仅看主函数是不行的。下面列出真正所做的工作。

1.

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This callback function is called immediately before a device is created to allow the 
// application to modify the device settings. The supplied pDeviceSettings parameter 
// contains the settings that the framework has selected for the new device, and the 
// application can make any desired changes directly to this structure.  Note however that 
// DXUT will not correct invalid device settings so care must be taken 
// to return valid device settings, otherwise IDirect3D9::CreateDevice() will fail.  
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool CALLBACK ModifyDeviceSettings( DXUTDeviceSettings* pDeviceSettings, void* pUserContext )

正如注释中所说的，这个函数在设备创建完毕前就调用，程序员应该把跟DXUT设备创建默认值不同的属性的修改代码放在这里，而不是直接修改DXUT的代码。

2.

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This callback function will be called immediately after the Direct3D device has been 
// created, which will happen during application initialization and windowed/full screen 
// toggles. This is the best location to create D3DPOOL_MANAGED resources since these 
// resources need to be reloaded whenever the device is destroyed. Resources created  
// here should be released in the OnDestroyDevice callback. 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnCreateDevice( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, const D3DSURFACE_DESC* pBackBufferSurfaceDesc,
                                 void* pUserContext )

这个函数就是在创建设备后调用的，类型为D3DPOOL_MANAGED的资源载入应该在这个函数中进行。呃，这一种资源是先放在内存中，然后在需要绘制的时候再拷贝到显存中，更新（读写）速度快，但是影响绘制速度，当设备丢失的时候不需要重新载入，除非设备被销毁而且重新创建。

这个函数做了不少事情，让我们来看看。

    V_RETURN( g_DialogResourceManager.OnD3D9CreateDevice( pd3dDevice ) );
    V_RETURN( g_SettingsDlg.OnD3D9CreateDevice( pd3dDevice ) );

V_RETURN是一个宏，确保参数返回值是正确的，否则出错。第一句设定一个对话框资源管理器，第二句设定了一个设置对话框。

    V_RETURN( LoadMesh( pd3dDevice, L"tiny\\tiny.x", &g_pMesh ) );

    D3DXVECTOR3* pData;
    D3DXVECTOR3 vCenter;
    FLOAT fObjectRadius;
    V( g_pMesh->LockVertexBuffer( 0, ( LPVOID* )&pData ) );
    V( D3DXComputeBoundingSphere( pData, g_pMesh->GetNumVertices(),
                                  D3DXGetFVFVertexSize( g_pMesh->GetFVF() ), &vCenter, &fObjectRadius ) );
    V( g_pMesh->UnlockVertexBuffer() );

接下载入网格模型，并且计算包围盒。

    D3DXMatrixTranslation( &g_mCenterWorld, -vCenter.x, -vCenter.y, -vCenter.z );
    D3DXMATRIXA16 m;
    D3DXMatrixRotationY( &m, D3DX_PI );
    g_mCenterWorld *= m;
    D3DXMatrixRotationX( &m, D3DX_PI / 2.0f );
    g_mCenterWorld *= m;

计算变换矩阵。

    V_RETURN( CDXUTDirectionWidget::StaticOnD3D9CreateDevice( pd3dDevice ) );
    for( int i = 0; i < MAX_LIGHTS; i++ )
        g_LightControl[i].SetRadius( fObjectRadius );

设置方向小工具，并且设定灯光控制器的半径。

    // Read the D3DX effect file
    WCHAR str[MAX_PATH];
    V_RETURN( DXUTFindDXSDKMediaFileCch( str, MAX_PATH, L"BasicHLSL.fx" ) );

    // If this fails, there should be debug output as to 
    // why the .fx file failed to compile
    V_RETURN( D3DXCreateEffectFromFile( pd3dDevice, str, NULL, NULL, dwShaderFlags, NULL, &g_pEffect, NULL ) );

创建效果文件。

    // Create the mesh texture from a file
    V_RETURN( DXUTFindDXSDKMediaFileCch( str, MAX_PATH, L"tiny\\tiny_skin.dds" ) );

    V_RETURN( D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx( pd3dDevice, str, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT,
                                           D3DX_DEFAULT, 0, D3DFMT_UNKNOWN, D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
                                           D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, 0,
                                           NULL, NULL, &g_pMeshTexture ) );

创建网格的纹理文件。

    // Set effect variables as needed
    D3DXCOLOR colorMtrlDiffuse( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f );
    D3DXCOLOR colorMtrlAmbient( 0.35f, 0.35f, 0.35f, 0 );

    V_RETURN( g_pEffect->SetValue( "g_MaterialAmbientColor", &colorMtrlAmbient, sizeof( D3DXCOLOR ) ) );
    V_RETURN( g_pEffect->SetValue( "g_MaterialDiffuseColor", &colorMtrlDiffuse, sizeof( D3DXCOLOR ) ) );
    V_RETURN( g_pEffect->SetTexture( "g_MeshTexture", g_pMeshTexture ) );

设定效果文件中的变量。呃，估计是全局静态变量。

    // Setup the camera's view parameters
    D3DXVECTOR3 vecEye( 0.0f, 0.0f, -15.0f );
    D3DXVECTOR3 vecAt ( 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.0f );
    g_Camera.SetViewParams( &vecEye, &vecAt );
    g_Camera.SetRadius( fObjectRadius * 3.0f, fObjectRadius * 0.5f, fObjectRadius * 10.0f );

设定镜头。

3

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This function loads the mesh and ensures the mesh has normals; it also optimizes the 
// mesh for the graphics card's vertex cache, which improves performance by organizing 
// the internal triangle list for less cache misses.
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT LoadMesh( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, WCHAR* strFileName, ID3DXMesh** ppMesh )

这个是上面调用的载入网格函数，所完成的工作有载入网格，计算法线向量（如果没有）和优化网格。

4

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This callback function will be called immediately after the Direct3D device has been 
// reset, which will happen after a lost device scenario. This is the best location to 
// create D3DPOOL_DEFAULT resources since these resources need to be reloaded whenever 
// the device is lost. Resources created here should be released in the OnLostDevice 
// callback. 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnResetDevice( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice,
                                const D3DSURFACE_DESC* pBackBufferSurfaceDesc, void* pUserContext )

这个函数会在设备重置是调用，在这个教程中主要需要设定镜头和对话框资源管理器等。

5

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This callback function will be called at the end of every frame to perform all the 
// rendering calls for the scene, and it will also be called if the window needs to be 
// repainted. After this function has returned, DXUT will call 
// IDirect3DDevice9::Present to display the contents of the next buffer in the swap chain
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void CALLBACK OnFrameRender( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, double fTime, float fElapsedTime, void* pUserContext )

这个是重头戏，绘制函数。

    // Render the scene
    if( SUCCEEDED( pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )
    {
        // Get the projection & view matrix from the camera class
        mWorld = g_mCenterWorld * *g_Camera.GetWorldMatrix();
        mProj = *g_Camera.GetProjMatrix();
        mView = *g_Camera.GetViewMatrix();

        mWorldViewProjection = mWorld * mView * mProj;

变换矩阵。

        // Render the light arrow so the user can visually see the light dir
        for( int i = 0; i < g_nNumActiveLights; i++ )
        {
            D3DXCOLOR arrowColor = ( i == g_nActiveLight ) ? D3DXCOLOR( 1, 1, 0, 1 ) : D3DXCOLOR( 1, 1, 1, 1 );
            V( g_LightControl[i].OnRender9( arrowColor, &mView, &mProj, g_Camera.GetEyePt() ) );
            vLightDir[i] = g_LightControl[i].GetLightDirection();
            vLightDiffuse[i] = g_fLightScale * D3DXCOLOR( 1, 1, 1, 1 );
        }

        V( g_pEffect->SetValue( "g_LightDir", vLightDir, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR3 ) * MAX_LIGHTS ) );
        V( g_pEffect->SetValue( "g_LightDiffuse", vLightDiffuse, sizeof( D3DXVECTOR4 ) * MAX_LIGHTS ) );

渲染光照箭头。

        // Update the effect's variables.  Instead of using strings, it would 
        // be more efficient to cache a handle to the parameter by calling 
        // ID3DXEffect::GetParameterByName
        V( g_pEffect->SetMatrix( "g_mWorldViewProjection", &mWorldViewProjection ) );
        V( g_pEffect->SetMatrix( "g_mWorld", &mWorld ) );
        V( g_pEffect->SetFloat( "g_fTime", ( float )fTime ) );

        D3DXCOLOR vWhite = D3DXCOLOR( 1, 1, 1, 1 );
        V( g_pEffect->SetValue( "g_MaterialDiffuseColor", &vWhite, sizeof( D3DXCOLOR ) ) );
        V( g_pEffect->SetFloat( "g_fTime", ( float )fTime ) );
        V( g_pEffect->SetInt( "g_nNumLights", g_nNumActiveLights ) );

又是设定效果文件变量。

        // Render the scene with this technique 
        // as defined in the .fx file
        switch( g_nNumActiveLights )
        {
            case 1:
                V( g_pEffect->SetTechnique( "RenderSceneWithTexture1Light" ) ); break;
            case 2:
                V( g_pEffect->SetTechnique( "RenderSceneWithTexture2Light" ) ); break;
            case 3:
                V( g_pEffect->SetTechnique( "RenderSceneWithTexture3Light" ) ); break;
        }

根据灯光数量设定Technique。

        V( g_pEffect->Begin( &cPasses, 0 ) );

        for( iPass = 0; iPass < cPasses; iPass++ )
        {
            V( g_pEffect->BeginPass( iPass ) );

            // The effect interface queues up the changes and performs them 
            // with the CommitChanges call. You do not need to call CommitChanges if 
            // you are not setting any parameters between the BeginPass and EndPass.
            // V( g_pEffect->CommitChanges() );

            // Render the mesh with the applied technique
            V( g_pMesh->DrawSubset( 0 ) );

            V( g_pEffect->EndPass() );
        }
        V( g_pEffect->End() );

绘制~~~

其他函数就不说了。下次转到HLSL文件中。